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pifoD,mU ykavGu aumif;vGef;vdkU q&m MumMum rcHedkifbl;.../ (&...&NyD...awmfNyD ....)

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pifoD,m eJU q&m rMumcifbJ t0wfawG tm;vHk; r&SdawmU ../ q&mupifoD,mUudk erf;Nyefw,f.../ ESKwfcrf;csif;pkyfaewHk; q&mU vufawGu pifoD,mUzifwHk;awGudk yxr nifnifomomav;

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(pifoD,m ...'dkU erf;vdkU &rvm;[if ....)

pifoD,m aMumifoGm;w,f ../ q&mckvJerf;aewmr[kwfvm; .... (q&m..cGifUawmif;aep&mrvdkygbl;....ckvJq&m erf;aewmbJav ....) ([ifUtif;....wNcm;ae7mudkerf;csifwm ..)

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(q&m erf;csifwJUae&merf;av...tm;vHk; q&mUoabmus....)

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tdk....trsdK;rsdK;ygvm;....apmapmu pifoD,m a&csdK;cef;0ifNyD; apmufzkwfudk aoaocsmcsm qyfNymaumif;aumif;eJUaq;aMumxm;vdkUawmfygao;w,f .../

q&m uwu,fUudk apmufzkwfudk pm;wm....

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cdkifcsdKrm

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'pfuDu cdkifcsdKrm udk aeUa7m na&m zHk; wcsdefvHk; quf w,f.../ awGUcsifw,f wcsdefvHk;aNymaew,f../

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cdkifcsdKrm..rdom;pk eJUtvkyf udk&efukef rSmxm;&pfcJUNyD../

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cifarusif

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q&m usifusifUudkrsm; MudKufaevm;.. rodbl; ../ atmufxyfu qdkifurefae*sm udkpdk;OD; aNymNybl;wmu

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00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 az0if;armif

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( cdkifcsdKa&mbJ....t&rf;cspfw,f....)

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b,foleJUrSvJ rwdkifyif&J../

xrif;pm;cef; udk olqif;cJUNyD; 0pfpuDykvif;qGJNyD;olU tcef;udkNyefwufcJUw,f .../ol bmvkyf&rvJ rod ../

bmvkyf&rSef;rodvdkU t&ufaomuf rdaeovm;rod../ ol t&ufaomufaew,f ../ cdkifcsdKrm oifumydk 0ifwmoGm;owd& NyD; udkudk u pifuydkrSm&SdaewmbJqdkNyD; udkudkUqD zkef;ac:vdkufrdw,f ../

(nDnD..rac:pbl;..bmxl;vJ...)

(cdkifcsdK pifuydk uwqifU oGm;wm udkdukd odw,fr[kwfvm;...) ( tif;..odw,fav....)

( udkudkUqDudk ol zHk;qufao;vm;..)

( rqufbl; ...'gayrJU udkudk vJ nDnDU udkaNymp&m Nyp&m&Sdaew,f...xdefcssef xm;zdkU roifUbl;xifvdkU....) olUpdwfxJ ra0eJU oleJU taMumif;rsm;vm; ...awG;vdkufrdw,f .../ ( cdkifcsdKrmU udk udkudk wynfU u 'DrSm

awGUvdkufw,f..aNymvdkUaumif;wJU owif;r[kwfvdkU udkudk vJ ck nDnD zkef;qufrSbJ anymNzpfwm..uJygav..tD;ar;vfeJU ydKUvdkufr,f..ndnD MunfUvdkufNyD;..ar;p&m&Sd&if udkudkUqD zkef;NyefqufvdkufaygU nDnD....'gbJ..)

udkudk zkef;csoGm;w,f.../ tD;ar;vf zGifUMunfUw,f .../

cdkifcsdKrmeJU vlwa,muf ..erf;aeMuwJU yHk../ tifwmeuf ADG'D,dk xJu cdkifcsdKrmeJu vkyfaewJU aumifbJ../aocsmoGm;NyDaygU./ t&uf aomufwmrsm;oGm;w,f ../reufus rxcsif ../aeraumif; bl; .../

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 pifoD,m

q&m bmawGNzpfaevJ.../

raeU u cifarusif zkef;qufw,f.../ q&m&Hk;vJrvm...zkef;vJrquf ..olUqDac:vJr&bl;...wJU../'geJU pifoD,m vJ q&m Utdrfudkquf ..olUrdwfaqGawGqDudkquf ..w,f../ q&mU tdrfu a':cifpDuawmU q&m nu t&uftrsm;MuD;aomufyHk&w,f vdkUaNymw,f ../pifoD,mvJ qdkifudk atmifMuD;eJUxm;cJUNyD;..q&mU&Hk;udk vdkufoGm;vdkufw,f../ cifarusif udkawGUw,f ../ q&m b,fa&mufaevJ .../ cifarusif u q&mU udktvkyfeJuywfoufNyD;ac:wJUvlawGtrsm;MuD;bJvdkUaNymw,f../ 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

xGef;NrifUausmf

az0if;armif aysmufaew,f odvm;..pifoD,m zkef;quf wmeJU xGef;NrifUausmfvJ az0if;armif twGuf pdwfylrdNyD; ol b,frSm &SdedkifrvJ vkduf zkef;qufMunfUw,f ../ ref;wav; u rsdK;0if;qDawmif qufMunfUw,f../ rsdK;0if;u olvJ

az0if;armifudk tvkyftaMumif;aNymcsifvdkU zkef;qufwmr&bl;NzpfaeaMumif; aNymw,f .../

xGef;NrifUausmf tHh Moaew,f ../ az0if;armif u odyf pnf;urf;MuD;NyD; tvkyfudk&dkaowJUvl qdkwmol odw,f ../ i,fi,fxJu cifcJUwJU oli,fcsif;awGrdkU olUtaMumif;odaew,f ../ raeUu t&ufaomufMuawmU

xGef;NrifUausmfu aemufqHk;rSNyefwm ../ olu az0if;armifudk yHkrSef pm;oHk;zdkU csmwdwfr wa,mufavmuf &SmzdkUaNymawmU olu ( cifarusif ) udkoabmusaMumif;aNymw,f ../

xGef;NrifUausmfvJ xl;qef;aew,f ../t&ifu 'D aumif ..tvkyfeJUywfoufwJU rdef;r qdk a0;a0;u a&Smifwm ../olvJrif;oabmus&ifawmUvkyfaygU..olvJtusdK;&Sdatmifrif;urpulnD....oluvJrif;cdktyfwmNznfUqnf;ay;...tNyeftvSefaygUuGm ...vdkUolu aNymvdkufao;w,f .../ naeavmufusawmUaz0if;armifolUqDzkef;qufw,f.../pdwfrylzdkUaNymw,f../ wae&mrSmt&ufaomufaewm..wJU../ bmNzpfvJar;awmUvJraNymbl;.../

cifarusif

cifarusif q&m tvkyfrvmwm 3&uf7SdaeNyDrdkU pdwfylvmw,f ../ rr pifoD,m uawmU q&m bmrSrNzpfbl; tdkauw,f..aNymwmbJ ../ [dkwaeU u q&mu usifusifU udkaeUvnfpm xGufpm;zdkUac:w,f ../ usifusifb,fvdkNiif;rvJ ./ q&meJU usifusif NrdKUxJrSmvrf;avsmufbJoGm; pm;Muwm.../ vlawG..qdkifawG NynfUusyfaewJU taemf&xmvrf;rMuD;twdkif; pum;waNymaNymeJUusifusifeJUq&mavsmufvmawmUodwJUvlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;eJUwdk;w,f../udkrif;&JUoli,fcsif;0if;xdkufeJUwdk;w,f/ odom;bJ../oludkrif;udkq&meJUusifusifUudkawGUwm..csufcsif;aNymawmUr,fqdkwm.../

a&TNrdKUawmf qdkwJUqdkifrSm q&meJU usifusif xrif;pm;Muw,f ../ q&muusifusif.bm[if;MudkufvJqdkwmu tprSwfrdw,f ../usifusifU yk8HxJ[if;awG olxnfUay;w,f../q&m&,f..orD;udk usifusifUudk bmvdkU'Davmuf*&kpdkufae&wmvJ ..../ tNyefrSmtem;rSm&SdwJU em&DqdkifawG 0ifMunfUMuao;w,f ../ q&mu &m'dk qdkwJU em&Dav;wvHk; usifusifU udk 0,fay;awmU ..usifusif u a,musFm;ywf NzpfaevdkU ( q&m.. orD;twGuf MuD;aer,fxifw,f...a,musFm;ywfMuD;...) vdkUaNymawmU ..( usifusifUtwGuf r[kwfbl;...usifusifU &D;pm; &JU arG;aeU rMumicf vmawmUr,fav ..usifusif ..bmay;&rvJ pdwfylaewmodvdkU 0,fay;wm ...olu twGuf vufaqmif xkyfvdkuf..) wJU../

usifusifU &D;pm;arG;aeU vmawmUr,fqdkwmyg q&mu odaew,fav .../ r,l bl;aNymwmvJr&bl;.../

&Hk;cef;Nyefa&mufawmU udkrif;qDu zkef;vmw,f ../ q&meJUawGUvdkufwm 0if;xdkuf aNymNyD av ../ udkrif;u pdwfylaMumif;tcgcg aNymaevdkU usifusif pdwf wdkvmw,f../ zkef;csvdkufw,f .../

'DaeU usifusif ,leDazgif; topf 0wfvmw,f ../tNym&ifUa&mif puyfeJU tay:tif;csD ../twgif;u tif;csDu tNzL a7mif ../ q&m r&SdawmU usifusif wa,mufxJ../ q&muudk owd&aew,f ../ q&m b,frsm;oGm;aeygvdrfU..../

( [vkd ..q&m ...q&m..b,fu ac:wmvJ ....) usifusifu pNyD;ar;cGef;awGar;Nzpfw,f .../ q&mu &Dw,f .../ (aNz;aNz;..orD; ...q&m qdkifwqdkifrSm..xrif;pm;aew,f ..usifusif orD; bmpm;tHk;rvJ....)

( [ifUtif;q&m...usifusif..tJ..orD; awmfMumae NyefawmUrvdkU av..tdrfusrSbJ pm;awmUr,f ...) ( cP apmifUedkifao;vm; ....q&m&Hk;cef;udkcP vmcsifvdkU....)

( tdl;..q&mvmr,fqdk&if orD;apmifUrSmaygU... b,favmufapmifU&apmifU&....) (tdkau..vmcJUr,f...tNyef q&mtdrfxd vdkufydkUay;r,f ...)

( [kwfuJU q&m...)

n 7em&DausmfrS q&ma&mufvmw,f ../ tdk..q&mt&ufawGrl;vmw,f../ teH hawGvJ a[mifaewmbJ ../ q&m bmrsm;NzpfvmygvdrfU../ pdwfnpfp&mrsm; MuHK& avovm;../ olUrdef;r uawmUedkifiHNcm;rSma&mufaew,f aNymwmbJ.../

q&m olU pm;yGJrSmxdkif w,f../ (usifusif..orD; ....)

(q&m ..vmNyD..)

q&mu usifusifUudk aNcqHk;acgif;qHk;MunfUw,f ../ atmf..q7m ,leDazgif;udkMunfUwmxifw,f .../ (,leDazgif; topfav..q&m..vSvm;...)

(tif;..,leDazgif;u odyfrvSbl;...orD;u vSw,f ...) (tdk..q&muvJ....)

(vmtHk;..'Dem;udk ..)

(q&m..[dk..[dk..bmvdkcsifvJ [if...)

( ig vdkcsifwmvm; ...igvdkcsifwm rif;uay;rvdkUvm;..ay;edkifvdkUvm;..usifusif ...) tdk..q&m awmfawmfrl;aewmbJ.../

(usifusif..vkyfay;edkifwmqdk vkyfay;rSmaygU ....)

(wu,fvm;....igvdkcsifwm...rif;bJ..usifusif ....igvdkcsifwm..usifusif...uJ..odNyDvm;...)

([m..q&muvJ ...usifusifUrSm&D;pm;&Sdwmq&modom;eJU..aemufnyD;q&m...q&mu...tdrfaxmifeJU .../

('gawGig em;rvnfbl; ...'gawGtm;vHk;u vlawGowfrSwfxm;wJU pnf;rsOf;awG..owfrSwfcsufawG...ig anymcsifwmu ig rif;udk Mudkufw,f....vdkcsifw,f ...vm..'Dudk..)

q&mu usifusifUudkqGJzufvdkufygw,f .../

(r..rvkyf..rvkyfygeJU q&m&,f..roifUawmfygbl; ...)

q&mu usifusifUcg;av;udkzufw,f../usifusifUEsKwfcrf;xlxlav;udkiHkpkwfvdkufw,f .../ (tm....q&m....[ifUtif;[ifUtif;..q&m ...&,f ..rvkyfygeJU...usifusifUudk oem;ygtHk;....) ( rif;udk....eifUudk ig odyf MudKufaewm eifroda7mUovm;..ig..ig rif;udk vdkcsifw,f ...) ( q&m&,f..orD;udk oem;ygtHk; ...vTwfyg...vTwfygtHk;....)

( 'DrSm usifusif..ig vdkcsifwmay;&if..rif;wm0ef,lcsifwJU rif;rdom;pk twGufvJ tm;vHk;ig wm0ef,l ay;rSmyg..rif; [dkwaeUu xrif;pm;&if;anymwJU rif;&D;pm;..edkifiHNcm;xGufzdkU vdkaewJU aiGvJ ig tm;vHk;ay;r,f ....)

usifusif acgif;iHkUxm;NyD; awGa0aew,f ../q&mu zufxm;qJ.../tdk&Sif..q&mU udk,f atmufydkif; u rmrmMuD;wck u usifusifUaygifwefawGudk vmaxmufrdaew,f ../ q7mU [dk'if;MuD;vm; ../ ( rif;eJU igUMum;rSm em;vnfrSKwck vkyfMu &if

tm;vHk;tqifaNy oGm;rSmyg usifusif...)

q&mU vufawGu usifusifU cg;uae usifusifU wifyg;awGqDudk a&GU vmaew,f ../ usifusif wm;edkifwJU cGeftm;r&Sdbl;../wNcm;olqdk&if yg;em;&dkufypfrdrSmaocsmw,f ../tck[mu q&mNzpfaew,f .../

(q7m..orD;..orD; ...wcgrS a,musFm;eJU rMuHKbl;ao;bl; ..qdkwmq&m odvm;[if ...orD; tysdkppfppf yg ..orD;&D;pm; eJUvJ bm..bmrS erf;awmifrerf;bl;ao;ygbl;....)

( odw,f usifusif..'gaMumifUvJ rif;udkq&mydk Nrwfedk;wmaygU...'dkU2a,muf EKwfvHk&if ...rif;yguifyGifU oGm;wm rif;&JU&D;pm;vJrodedkifygbl; ..usifusif..)

q&mU pum;vHk;awGu usifusifUtwGuf odyfem;&Sufp&mawG yg ../ usifusif..wwfedkif7if a0;a0;udkxGufaNy;oGm;csifw,f ../ q7mu usifusifUudk olU tvkyfpm;yGJMuD;ay:udkrwifvdkufw,f ../ usifusifUwudk,fvHk;ewfyl;ovdkwkef&Daew,f ../

q&mU qDu t&ufeH hu qdk;0g;vSw,f.../ q&mU vufawGu usifusifu wifom;awGudk yGwfoyfaew,f ../q&m[m usifusifUtwGuf yxrqHk; vl yg ../ tdk....q&mUvufacsmif;awGu usifusifU wifawGMum; udk a&mufaeMu w,f .../ usifusifU udkerf;aewm tMumMuD;../ tdk..q7m usifusifU puyfav;udkrwifaew,f ....q&m..usifaMumufw,f wdk;wdk;av; aNymrdawmU ...aMumuf&ifzufxm; ..wJU../ [Gef;..olUzufu emaeygUr,f ... (q7mUudkaMumufwm..)vdkU usifusif xyfaNymvdkufawmU ...(q&mUudkraMumufeJU ..cspf ..)wJU .../ ol..ol odyfqdk;w,f .../

usifusif&JU puyf u cg;qDrSm pkvdyfaeNyD../ (&Sufw,f ...)usifusifU aygifwefazG;azG;awGu wyfrufp&m Nrifae&w,f .../ (q7mU &ifcGifxJ0ifaeNyD;rsufvHk;av;ydwfxm; )....wJU../

usifusifU aygifMum;tv,f *GqHk u t&rf;azgif;rdkUaew,f../ tNzLa&mifyifwD av; u tv,fA[dkrSm pdkuGufaew,f../pdkwmrSt&rf;../q&mUvufu usifusifU aygifwefawGudk yGwfoyfaew,f.../ (cspfw,f ..orD;&,f ....) (raumif;bl;xifw,fq&m&,f....)

(&SL;...raNymeJU...wdwfwdwfae...)

olUeSKwfcrf;awGu usifusifU eSKwfcrf; awGudkzduyfNyD;erf;Nyefw,f ../olUvufawGuaygifwefawGqDuae aygifMum; udka7mufNyD; yGwfoyfudkifwG,faew,f .../ eSKwfcrf;csif;cPcGgvdkufNyD;...('dkUudkzufxm;av..) vdkUaNymawmU pdwftnSdKUcHae&wJU vlvdk usifusifolUpum;udkaNr0,frus em;axmifrdaew,f ../ bmvdkUrSef;rod ../ olUudk Nyefzufxm;vdkufrdw,f.../ tdk...yifwDav;..udkolcGswfaeNyD...&Sufw,fuGm....&SufayrJUolUudkrvGefqefedkifbl;../wifae&mudkcGswfawmUwifyg;awGudkMuGay;rdvdkufNyef NyD../ q&m&,f ....tdk&Sif&,f ....usifusifU tuGJaMumif;av;udk wpHkwckeJU pHkcsDqefcsD yGwfwdkufaew,f../ usifusifMunfUvdkufawmU..trav;awmf ...eJwmMuD;r[kwfbl;....xdyfzl;MuD;uvJ txpfMuD; eJU../rSdKyGifUMuD;vdkbJ.../MuufoD; x&wmt&rf;bJ&Sif../ tJvdkyGwf aewmu t7om&Sdaew,f ../ olvkyforSsudkqufcHcsifaew,f..&yfypfvdkufrSmudkawmifpdk;aewm ....tdk...wckNyD;wckbJ....usifusifU tif;csDudk Mu,foD;awG wxyfxyfeJu qGJzGifUvdkufw,f ../b&mpD,mav; u &ifawGudk wtm;xdef;csKyfxm;aewm &ifom;tay:ydkif;awGu b&mpD,m xJuaevsHxGufaeMuw,f ../ (vSw,f...)

(tdk..&Sufygw,f...)

([kwfw,f....MunfUaewmMumNyD..usifusifodyfvSw,f...pdwful;xJrSmerf;aewmMumNyD...odyfvSwJU..'Daumifrav;udk

aygU...)usifusifU aygifawGudkolaxmifvdkufNyD;olU [mMuD;udk usifusifU [m&JU ESKwfcrf;om;2zyfMum;xJzdxnfUvdkufw,f../ xifoavmufrembl;../ta&awGuwtm;xGufae pdkaewmudk;.../

usifusifU taygufxJ..olU tacsmif;wkwfwkwfMuD;u tNynfUbJ.../olu zdxJU vdkuf..tom qGJxkwfvdkuf..zdxJUvdkuf..tomqGJxkwfvdkufeJU..../ b&mpD,mav;vJ usGwfuGgoGm;&NyefNyD.../ rmawmifaewJu usifusifU

edkUoD;xdyfzkav;awGudkolpdkUae&if;zdzdxnfU aew,f../vdk;aew,f../usifusifU wifyg;awGudk ol qGJudkifNyD;..pD;ydkifaewJUvdk;csufawG vdk;aew,f .../remayrJU wtif;tif;nnf;aerd&w,f ../ olU [mMuD; u usifusifU txJ0ifvmwJUtcg twGif;om;EkEkawGudkyGwfwdkufoGm;wdkif; ..wudk,fvHk; usifoGm;&vdkU usifusifnnf;aerdwmyg../

az0if;armif usifusifU wifom;awGudk qkwfudkifNyD; olU zGm;zufawmfudk tqHk;txd oGif;vdkufw,f../ usifusif tif;....qdkNyD;nnf;w,f../olU[mwckvHk; usifusifUudk,fxJrSma&mufaeNyD../usifusif eJU ol ESpfudk,fUwudk,f NzpfaeNyD../usifusifU txJrSmolU zGm;zufawmf [m usyfnyfaew,f ../xdk;aqmifUwm raNymeJU..eJeJav;vSKyfvdkufwmawmif ..tom;csif;yGwfwdkufrSKu umr t&om xl;xl;uJuJ cHpm;&aew,f ../

yg;pyfuvJ rMumcPqdkovdk...( odyfcspfwmbJ ...usifusif&,f ..)qdkwmudk a&&Gwf aerdw,f ../ apmapmu t&uf rl;rl;eJU tay;t,l oabmawGaNymrdayrJU ..wu,fawmU usifusifUudkolUqDpNyD; tvkyf0ifuxJu oabmusaewmyg../ olU zGm;zufawmfudk aNz;aNz;csif;vSKyfay;vdkufw,f../ usifusifU ESKwfzsm;u wtiftif toH xGufvmw,f.../ wcsufcsif; aNz;aNz;..toGif;txkwfvkyfw,f.../aumUaumUav;axmifaewJU&ifom;pdkifwif;wif;awGudkzGzGav;iHkpdkUw,f../

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usifusifU [mav;u olUudknSpfqGJaew,fvdkUxif&w,f../ ydkNyD;NrefqefwJU aqmifUcsufawG eJUtwl usifusif olUudkwtm;ukwfNcpfNyD;aumUvefoGm;wmawGU&vdkU usifusifawmU umr vrf;qHk;udkwufvSrf;oGm;NyD vdkU olodvdkufw,f ../olvJ usifusifU &JU usyfvSNyD; wcsufqdkwcsuf t&omaumif;awGay;pGrf;aewJU tysdKapmufzkwfaMumifU ..Mum&Snf awmifUrxm;edkifawmUbj okwf a& awG usifusifU apmufacgif;xJ yef;xkwf vdkuf& ygawmUw,f.../

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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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yxrqHk; OD;pm;ay; taeeJU NzpfysufoGm;wmu cifarusif&JU &D;pm; udkrif; edkifiHNcm;rSmtvkyf&oGm;wmyg ../ az0if;armif taeeJu 'D[mudk OD;pm;ay; taumiftxnfaz:ay;vdkufwm [m oleJU cifarusifwdkU Mum;xJ &SdaewJU twm;tqD;av;awG....udkt&if&Sif;xkwfNcif;bJ qdkwm oabmaygufMurSmyg../

udkrif;udk usifusif avqdyfudkydkUNyD; udkrif; pD;oGm;wJU av,mOfMuD; yxrqHk;&yfem;&rJU pifumydk acqdyfudk rqif;ciftcsdef rSmbJ usifusif[m trJa&mif rSefawGwyfxm;wJU az0if;armif&JU um;eufMud;xJrSm az0if;armif vdkcsifwJU terf;tpkwfawGukd pdwfygvufygay;vsuf&Sdaeygw,f.../

tvkyftudkifawG&ukefMuw,f../cifarusif &JU rdom;pk vJ ysOfaxmifoGyfrdk; tdrfay:u wdkufay:odkU pDrHudef; taumiftxnfay:oGm;w,f../ NrdKUopfwck u *dwf eJU vHkNcHKa&;eJU om;om;em;em; uGef'dkrDeD,H tdyfcef;3cef; udkaNymif;a7TUedkifcJUw,f ../ cifarusifvJ vSnf;wef;u qdkif rSm refae*sm Nzpfvmw,f../ pifoD,mu az0if;armif&JU refae*sif; 'g&dkufwm Nzpfvmw,f .../

(aMumifcHwGif;ysuf ) NppfcJUwJU az0if;armifwa,muf ( pm;aeus aMumifbm;MuD; )wa,mufNzpfae NyD vm;.../ tif;...ig;aMumfrMudKuf wJUaMumifrdkuf qdkwm'Davmu rSm&SdygUrvm;.../

NyD;ygNyD