Improving the enabling conditions for sustainable Improving the enabling conditions for sustainable
management of sandalwood forest resources in East Nusa management of sandalwood forest resources in East Nusa
Tenggara Province, Indonesia Tenggara Province, Indonesia
PD 459/07 rev.1 (f) PD 459/07 rev.1 (f)
Case study of Sandalwood in TTS
Case study of Sandalwood in TTS
District
District
Don Gilmour Don Gilmour
22 April 2010
Approach to case study
Approach to case study
1.
1. Carried out a series of semiCarried out a series of semi--structured structured
interviews with key informants in 7 villages. interviews with key informants in 7 villages.
2.
2. Analysed District regulatory framework.Analysed District regulatory framework.
3.
3. Compared farmer perceptions with policy.Compared farmer perceptions with policy.
4.
4. Collected information on status of Collected information on status of
Sandalwood resource in TTS District. Sandalwood resource in TTS District.
5.
5. Explored aspects of Sandalwood market.Explored aspects of Sandalwood market.
6.
Findings
Findings
-
-
farm land (silviculture)
farm land (silviculture)
All farmers had some S on their farms (average All farmers had some S on their farms (average
10?) mostly natural regeneration. 10?) mostly natural regeneration.
Most had planted some S in past 10 years Most had planted some S in past 10 years
(mostly 3
(mostly 3--10 seedlings; some 2010 seedlings; some 20--100).100).
Mortality fairly high (maybe 70%).Mortality fairly high (maybe 70%).
All know about importance of host trees (chilli All know about importance of host trees (chilli
and crocus)
Findings
Findings
-
-
Farm land (Regulatory
Farm land (Regulatory
framework)
framework)
Most said that that they needed a certificate Most said that that they needed a certificate
from village head to certify ownership of S from village head to certify ownership of S before selling.
before selling.
All said that no tax on S was payable to All said that no tax on S was payable to
Findings
Findings
-
-
Farm land (Regulatory
Farm land (Regulatory
framework)
framework)
Four threads running through recent reforms: Four threads running through recent reforms:
1. Changes to FM objectives (SFM and socio 1. Changes to FM objectives (SFM and socio-
-economic), which lead to economic), which lead to
2. Changes in regulatory framework that define 2. Changes in regulatory framework that define
role of govt vis a vis community role of govt vis a vis community
3. Changes to tenure arrangements (partial), and 3. Changes to tenure arrangements (partial), and
Governance
Tenure
Regulatory framework
Forest Management Objectives
(SFM +
Improved livelihoods) Capacity
Findings
Findings
-
-
Farm land (Incentives)
Farm land (Incentives)
Only a few had sold S in past 10 yearsOnly a few had sold S in past 10 years--tend to tend to
be keeping it until trees are larger and for be keeping it until trees are larger and for special occasions.
special occasions.
All informants said that they needed technical All informants said that they needed technical
advice and guidance to manage their S more advice and guidance to manage their S more effectively (good seedlings, host trees, etc.). effectively (good seedlings, host trees, etc.).
Few mentioned financial incentives (people are Few mentioned financial incentives (people are
aware of the high value of S and this is aware of the high value of S and this is
sufficient incentive as long as they can keep the sufficient incentive as long as they can keep the benefits themselves).
Findings
Findings
-
-
Farm land (Stealing)
Farm land (Stealing)
Most felt they had sufficient security of tenure Most felt they had sufficient security of tenure
to prevent stealing. to prevent stealing.
Some stealing reportedSome stealing reported--often by family often by family
members (hard to manage). members (hard to manage).
One village had a local system of fines.One village had a local system of fines.
If powerful outside agencies (army, police and If powerful outside agencies (army, police and
others) insist in buying S people feel powerless others) insist in buying S people feel powerless to refuse.
to refuse.
Stealing may become more of a problem when Stealing may become more of a problem when
Findings
Findings
-
-
State Forest Land
State Forest Land
Almost all S (and other valuable trees) gone Almost all S (and other valuable trees) gone
from S.F. land. from S.F. land.
All people expressed doubt that they could help All people expressed doubt that they could help
protect S on S.F. land
protect S on S.F. land——because of lack of because of lack of sense of belonging.
sense of belonging.
Some offered suggestions on the conditions Some offered suggestions on the conditions
needed for communities to be effective needed for communities to be effective managers of S on S.F. land.
Status of Sandalwood in TTS
Status of Sandalwood in TTS
If average of 10 S trees (all sizes) per farm, If average of 10 S trees (all sizes) per farm,
then could be about 600,000 S trees in District then could be about 600,000 S trees in District (most in small sizes < 20 cm circum).
(most in small sizes < 20 cm circum).
Mother tree survey carried out in 23 villages Mother tree survey carried out in 23 villages
(9.6% of villages in District) with about 50% of (9.6% of villages in District) with about 50% of village area covered by survey.
village area covered by survey.
By extrapolation, about 29,700 mother trees in By extrapolation, about 29,700 mother trees in
Market situation
Market situation
Buyer in Soe (only one in District) advised that Buyer in Soe (only one in District) advised that
he collects 2.5 to 3 tonnes S per month
he collects 2.5 to 3 tonnes S per month——would would like to collect more.
like to collect more.
Oil producer in Kupang advised that most of his Oil producer in Kupang advised that most of his
S comes from Timor Leste
S comes from Timor Leste——little available little available from ENT.
Summary of key findings
Summary of key findings
Villagers feel few policy constraints in Villagers feel few policy constraints in
planting or selling S. planting or selling S.
They want technical support from government They want technical support from government
to improve their capacity to manage S. to improve their capacity to manage S.
There is a large and expanding resource of S There is a large and expanding resource of S
on private land
on private land--it is well distributed across size it is well distributed across size classes so is a viable population (but mostly in classes so is a viable population (but mostly in
Recommendations
Recommendations
Focus attention (budget and technical support) Focus attention (budget and technical support)
in short
in short--medium term on S on private land (S.F. medium term on S on private land (S.F. land a second priority).
land a second priority).
Review regulatory framework to remove any Review regulatory framework to remove any
remaining constraints that inhibit people from remaining constraints that inhibit people from
investing in S production. investing in S production.
Include article stating that people who grow S Include article stating that people who grow S
receive 100% of the financial benefit. receive 100% of the financial benefit.
Allow the market to dictate S price (no Allow the market to dictate S price (no
Recommendations
Recommendations
Mobilise technical support to farmers to Mobilise technical support to farmers to
improve their ability to grow S. improve their ability to grow S.
Carry out awareness raising (all stakeholders) Carry out awareness raising (all stakeholders)
to advise on rights and responsibilities). to advise on rights and responsibilities).
Review institutional arrangements in Review institutional arrangements in
government to support transition from government to support transition from
policing/licensing to facilitating community policing/licensing to facilitating community
