Index of /ProdukHukum/kehutanan

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ITTO PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F)

Improving the Enabling Conditions for Sustainable Management of

Sandalwood Forest Resources in East Nusa Tenggara Province

Indonesia

SITE

OVERVIEW FROM EAST SUMBA

DISTRICT

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Team:

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1 Pahunga Lodu Kaliuda The potency of cendana plantation in this area is relative good, although it is maintained in a small scale. Most of them occur in community garden. One cendana garden is owned by eks-Dishut staff, Pak Ishak, where he planted them since 1989. It is assumed that cendana grown in this area is different with species that is commonly found in other areas, which has relatively bigger leave size. Pak Ishak also collect and sell cendana seed. The seed is sold for 150,000 rupiah/kg. Price in the city can reach up to Rp. 250.000/kg.

Pak Ishak counting the cendana seeds

Cendana stand (10 years old) grown in Pak Ishak garden. The morphology of cedana leaves (small leaf)

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2 Pahunga Lodu

Pamburu The head of village, Pak Markus M. Hinggiranja has one three with size of >40 cm diameter in his garden. However, he informed us that out of 25 seedling he has planted in 1984, only one survive. He has faced problems with collecting seed. Mother trees has no regeneration. Tidak mau menjual karena menjadi tabungan buat anak c ucu dan semakin lama mungkin harga makin mahal. Masih berusaha untuk memperoleh anakan dari pohon ini.

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No. Sub District Village Condition/Potency

3 Pahunga Lodu

Kuruwaki One relatively large area has cendana that was planted by Dishut in 2005. Cendana is in good condition with some trees having average diameter of more than 10 cm, and average height of 8 meters. Almost none of local community being interview has cendana in their garden. Few people have planted cendana in this village.

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4 Pandawai Palaka Hembi

Very few cendana was found in this area. According to respondent, local community do not have interest in growing cendana since it needs several years until they can commercially traded them. One candana tree was once sold about 45,000 rupiah/kg, while one tree has an average weight of 27 kg. In this area, kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) also popular as local people also extract this trees for the oil. The other reason why people are reluctant to grow cendana because in will be conflicted with their cattle. Only one househols (ex-Dishut staff) grows cendana. Cendana grows very well in this area.

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No. Sub District Village Condition/Potency

5 Nggaha Orianggu

Maka Minggit

During field survey in one of the household that has been cooperating with LIPI (Albertus Hensen Wau) and Dishut to establish cendana plantation in their garden, we had evidence of about 400 cendana stands. Pak Junus, the owner, explained that cendana will grow well in association with Lamtoro (legumes). The family has problem with their legal entity of land . The location is closed to the river and the soils are more fertile than other places.

Cendana stand (7-8 years old) belongs to Johannes’ family, Maka Minggit Village

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6 Nggaha Orianggu

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Location/

Sub-District

Fact finding and Issues

Pahunga Lodu

 The three visited villages (Kaliuda, Pamburu and Kuruwaki) had almost similar issues regarding to cendana conservation. Although, Kaliuda in this case showed different condition with the other two villages since almost none of the respondent interviewed indicated their interest towards planting cendana. Local community in this villages rely their income from “tenun” making whereas Kaliuda has been known as the place where people could find the best making “tenun” in the Sumba regions.

 People in the other two villages concerned on the availability of cendana seeds and method on how to grow the tree as they know that cendana only flowering and fruiting every 2 or 3 years

 The traditional knowledge on why they should conserve cendana is coming from their ancestor who still believes that this particular trees has mystical spirit. Local community in the two villages believes in ”aini tu”, cendana is an evil trees.

 Cendana extraction has no longer popular as the population has diminished very rapidly while people has also found the alternative wood such as “dalinga” tree (Excocarpus latifolius) that has almost similar characteristics to cendana. Beside cendana, they also plant mahoni where the seed was freely provided by the government. And the other thing is, they are no regulation entitled to mahoni.

 People has never heard about recent cendana regulation issued by the Province. They only know that up until now, under the regulation local community are forbidden to cut trees.

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Sub-District

Pandawai  People seems reluctant to grow cendana due to long harvesting time compare to other trees, such as mahoni and sengon

 Threat to cendana has been identified by few cendana growers such as damage from cattle, either from seed that was eaten by animals to damage of seedling due to tramplings.

 Another problem is difficulty in collecting seeds. Although natural stand of vegetation is abundant in the protected forest but none of the community will disturb the cendana since people here still believe in myth.

 People has alternative income from selling kesambi for oils.

Nggaha Orianggu

 Most of seed and seedling was provided by the government (Dishut) in collaboration with LIPI. Started growing with planting 400 seeds.

 The cendana plantation grows well in the visited site (area closed to river - lowland)

 Cendana trees live in associate with Lamtoro. In this area, most cendana’s leaves have black spots such as being attacked by virus.

 During interview, it has revealed that land owners would likely to sell their cendana directly the buyers and even trading can be done via trader/broker (“ijon” – buying the stand while they are still young), i.e., 20 small trees for 10 million rupiah.

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–

All sandalwood trees are under local government control (dikuasai) (Pasal 2

SK Bupati No. 33/2000 dan Pasal 2 Perda No. 19/2000).

–

All sandalwood trees in the private land is owned (dimiliki) by the landowners

(Pasal 4 Perda No. 19/2000). Pada Pasal 3 SK Bupati No. 33/2000, terminology

“owned” and “controlled” -> bias……i.e, privately owned but under

controlled by…..

–

Sandalwood exploitation is banned under Pasal 4 SK Bupati No. 33/2000 (6

July 2000) but it is not under Perda No. 19/2000 (15 November 2000) – there is

no clarification on when the new regulation is enacted while withdrawn the

previous one

–

Sandalwood trade is determined by the Bupati (covers AAC/production,

harvesting operation, trade and marketing) (Pasal 8 Perda No. 19/2000)- there

is no clear relationship between regulation and ownership/owner’s right

–

Income from selling sandalwood as assigned by Bupati will be under the right

of local government and will be deposited for local government trust fund

(Pasal 12, Perda No. 19/2000)

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bet ween province and dist rict



Local communit y has less knowledge and underst anding on

cendana policy (masalah sosialisasi baik PERDA m aupun SK

Bupat i)

–

confusion on how t o cut and sell cendana



Unavailable insent ive mechanism



Unclear ownership/ land st at us while most nat ural cendana t rees

grows in privat e land

–

lack of people effort t o est ablish nursery



Cendana has been gone since 1950/ 60, only old generat ion

know about cendana



Dishut has done survey in 4 sub

-dist rict s (Haharu, Pandawai,

-

dist rict s (Haharu, Pandawai,

Pahunga Lodu, and Wulla Waijelu)

–

most ly sapling and poles

but less seedlings



st ill no clear difference bet ween t he species

–

need t o furt her

st udy and analysis on t he result s

-> ex amine t he populat ion

-

> ex amine t he populat ion

dynamics

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

“

Marapu

”

religion st ill very st rong and becom e t he

m ain fact or why sandalwood t rees in t he nat ural

forest and privat e land rem ains int act .



Cust om ary inst it ut ion (village level) is acknowledge

and recognized



People are welcom e t o sandalwood developm ent

program , and ex pect t hat cendana will be t reat ed as

ot her t rees such as m ahagony and t eak

–

no

regulat ion on harvest ing including for t rading

(sim ilar t o kesam bi oil).



Pot ent ial conflict was not ed in East Sum ba due t o

t echnology/ knowledge gap,

scope/ clear policy

of

t rading and m arket ing, policy t hat has not yet

(appropriat ely) addressed local com m unit y needs

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