• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

T1 112008097 Full text

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Membagikan "T1 112008097 Full text"

Copied!
32
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

AN ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSLATION OF THE COLLOCATIONS IN

NEGERI 5 MENARA

THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of

Sarjana Pendidikan

Dewanti Eka Larasati 112008097

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

(2)

ii

AN ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSLATION OF THE COLLOCATIONS IN

NEGERI 5 MENARA

THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of

Sarjana Pendidikan

Dewanti Eka Larasati 112008097

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

(3)
(4)

iii

AN ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSLATION OF THE COLLOCATIONS IN

NEGERI 5 MENARA

THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Sarjana Pendidikan

Dewanti Eka Larasati 112008097

Approved by:

M. Ch. Eko Setyarini, S.S., M.Hum Lany Kristono, M.Hum

(5)

iv

PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION

As a member of the (SWCU) Satya Wacana Christian University academic community, I verify that:

Name : Dewanti Eka Larasati Student ID Number : 112008097

Study Program : English Education Faculty : Language and Literature Kind of Work : Undergraduate Thesis

In developing my knowledge, I agree to provide SWCU with a non-exclusive royalty free right for my intellectual property and the contents therein entitled:

AN ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSLATION OF THE COLLOCATIONS IN

NEGERI 5 MENARA

along with any pertinent equipment.

With this non-exclusive royalty free right, SWCU maintains the right to copy, reproduce, print, publish, post, display, incorporate, store in or scan into a retrieval system or database, transmit, broadcast, barter or sell my intellectual property, in whole or in part without my express written permission, as long as my name is still included as the writer.

This declaration is made according to the best of my knowledge.

Made in : Salatiga

Date : ________________ Verified by signee,

Dewanti Eka Larasati

Approved by

Thesis Supervisor Thesis Examiner

(6)

v

COPYRIGHT STATEMENT

This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any course or accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text.

Copyright@ 2013. Dewanti Eka Larasati and Maria Christina Eko Setyarini, S.S., M.Hum

All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the English Department, Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana University, Salatiga.

(7)

vi

LIST OF TABLES

Table. 1. English collocation pattern according to Hill (2000) and Bateni (2010)... 9

Table. 2. Indonesian collocation pattern as provided in Achmad (2010)... 9

Table. 5. Untranslated collocations...15

(8)

1

AN ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSLATION OF THE COLLOCATIONS IN

NEGERI 5 MENARA

Dewanti Eka Larasati

Abstract

Collocations need to be learned and mastered well, because they are used in everyday life. However, to learn about collocations is difficult for learners; even more in translating collocations is more difficult. This study discusses the way Indonesian collocations in Negeri 5 Menara translated into the English version The Land of Five Towers. This is a documentary analysis which means focusing on the analysis of the novel (Payne and Payne, 2004). The study is qualitative research because it tries to describe how Indonesian collocations are translated into English. The data were selected from the four chapters of the novel. The study reveals that the translator mostly translated the Indonesian collocations to English using indirect translational equivalence. The study also shows that there are similar pattern on the Indonesian collocations which are translated into English. In addition, there are two untranslated collocations and almost all the Indonesian collocations are not translated in the form of the complete English collocation in this study.

Key word: Translation, collocations, translational equivalence

Introduction

(9)

2

When I took Semantics course, a few months ago my lecturer Ibu Titik said that learners must not just take from the dictionary when they try to translate collocations. She told me that if a learner translates a collocation taken from dictionary, the translation could lead to misunderstandings to the interlocutor or reader. When she was in Australia, she meant to say memupuk persahabatan to her friends. Then she said manure friendship. In fact, memupuk persahabatan is supposed to be nurture friendship. Similar to Ibu Titik, Chuckwu (1997) also stated that learners do not always flick through the pages of dictionaries in search of the meaning of difficult words. Sometimes, they are just searching of words to express ideas in their heads, or the right verbs, adjectives or prepositions to combine with particular nouns, etc.

Said (2012) mentions that in Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students (2002: vii), collocation is a group of words combine in a language to produce a natural-sounding speech and writing. In learning foreign language, collocation is very important to generate a good and reasonable speech and writing as the native language speakers. A good speech and writing contains of collocation which is natural for communication. Nevertheless, translating collocation words is a problem for most learners. They feel difficult to predict whether the collocation that they use is natural or not. They also tend to translate the source language collocation into target language literally, using direct translational equivalence.

Collocation is the tendency of a number of words that can be used together or combined on a regular basis (Bateni, 2010). As the example provided by Achmad (2010), in Indonesian we say angin kencang means strong wind in English. It would not be normal to say heavy wind or fast wind. Probably, heavy wind could be normal for the natural sound of the English Native Speaker. Another example is when the first time I studied in English Department, I was confused with what my friend said. My friend said, “Let‟s go to window

(10)

3

until another friend said that “window shopping” is just looking at things in the shops without

buying anything.

In my own point of view, collocations need to be learned and mastered well. If the learners do not master in combining two or more words, it may lead to misunderstanding when they speak English with other people. The other people will feel strange with what the learner talk about, as stated by Said (2012). As the example provided by Said (2012), a foreigner looks at a boat at the beach and says perahunya puasa-puasa. Puasa in English is fasting. Hearing what the foreigner said, the Indonesian people around him felt surprised and strange. It was impossible that there‟s any boat fasting. After observing with what the

foreigner said, apparently he wanted to say is perahunya lari cepat. The word cepat in English is fast, but the meaning of the word fast can have different meaning in Indonesian; cepat and puasa.

This study aims to find out how the Indonesian collocations in Negeri 5 Menara are translated into the English in The Land of Five Towers, the translated version. The novels are read by many people and it contains language used in everyday life. Many students often have difficulty in translating collocation words and we do not really know the equivalence of the source language collocations into the target language. As also mention by Barfield and Gyllstad (2010) collocations is one of the most fascinating challenges for everyone especially those who learn and teach foreign language. If students and translators make mistake in translating collocation words, it may lead to misunderstanding to the interlocutor.

(11)

4

translation novel. Hopefully, this study can help students to understand about Indonesian and English collocations.

There are several relevant studies in my research; the first relevant study is a research conducted by Joseph (2012) entitled The Equivalence and Shift in the Indonesian Translation from English Nominal Collocation. The subject of the research is the translation of English nominal collocation into Indonesian Equivalence and Shift. In this research, the writer found out how English nominal collocations are translated into Indonesian and to find out shift and equivalence in the process of translation in Indonesian.

The second relevant study is a research conducted by Sudrajat (2009) with title Translational Collocation into English in the Field of Health. The subject of this research is

translational equivalence of Indonesian collocations into English in the field of health. The aims of this research were to find out the direct translational equivalence of Indonesian collocations into English and the indirect translational equivalence of Indonesian collocations into English in the field of health.

The third relevant study was conducted by Kurniawan (2009) with title Translational Equivalence of Indonesian Collocation into English in the Field of Sport. The research aims were to find direct and indirect translated collocation into English in the field of sport. The data of the research was taken from the newspaper, sport news TV program, dictionary, and interview. The result of the analysis showed that between English and Indonesian collocation, there are direct and indirect equivalence. It was found that forty five point seven percent of the data are direct equivalences and fifty four point three percent are indirect equivalences.

(12)

5

several studies that have been conducted about collocations, in my opinion they did not have complete and clear explanation about the translation of collocations itself. This research used different research object, so that this research has never been done before.

In this study, I use Negeri 5 Menara novel written by Ahmad Fuadi. The reasons why I chose Negeri 5 Menara novel were firstly I have read the novel, second the novel has English version titled The Land of Five Towers. Both Indonesian and English version are very popular and also it is worth to be studied. The novel also contains Arabic terms, for example, sahibul menara means the fellowship of the tower. However, in this study I only focus on the Indonesian terms.

Hopefully the finding will give more information and knowledge for readers about how Indonesian collocations translated into English, and will be beneficial for overcoming learners‟ fear in making errors by activating language awareness. Hopefully translating

collocations can be an additional knowledge or material in Translation course in English Department Satya Wacana Christian University which is not given in the handout previously. Besides, this study also can be used either as the reference in the Lexical Approach in Teaching Learning Strategies course or for other translators and foreign language learners who want to find out the natural translation of Indonesian collocation into English.

What is Translation?

According to Munday (2000) translation is a change of meaning of source language into target language, customized the form as much as possible to achieve the equivalence, aims at complete naturalness of expression, and also the message is appropriate with the receptor‟s cultural expectation. Larson (1998:3) defined translation as a change of meaning of

(13)

6

context of the source language text. In translation the form of the source language is replaced by the form of the receptor (target) language.

Taking the two definitions, the form of the source language can be replaced by the form of the target language. The form can be different between the source language and the target language as long as the meaning is not changed, for example the sentence “I catch a cold”. If the English sentence is translated by the form, not by the meaning, it must be translated into “Saya menangkap dingin”, not translated into “Saya masuk angin?”

Futhermore, if the English sentence is translated by the meaning, it must be translated into “Saya masuk angin”. Because “Saya menangkap dingin” does not make sense in Indonesian.

According to Duff‟s (1990) there are some general principles which are relevant to all

translation: (1) Meaning. The translation should reflect the meaning of the original text accurately, and should be arbitrarily added or removed. (2) Form. A sequence of words and ideas in the translation should match with the original as closely as possible (3) register. Language is often very different in their degree of formality in a particular context. (4) Source language influence. (5) Style and clarity. The translator should not change the style of the original (pp. 10-11). In translating text, we have to change the meaning of the source text accurately; form of the source text should be the same depending on the context and the reader. Furthermore, translation should be able to find the equivalence. It means that the form of the source language as much as possible adjusted with the target language to achieve a reasonable equivalence.

(14)

7

translation is about finding translation equivalence. It means that finding the equivalence of the source language to target language becomes the central problem in translation process. The important thing to remember is that equivalence is not about similarity. A text can be equivalent if the reader of the target language can get the same meaning with the reader of the source language.

According to Hatim and Munday (2004), there is the degree of latitude which translators enjoy may be seen in terms of another distinction which the relevance model of translation has had to adopt; direct and indirect translation. According to Gutt (1991:122) stated that Direct and Indirect itself are proposed in order to differentiate between translation where the translator is free to interpret or summarize (indirectly) and where he or she somehow sticks to the explicit content of the original (direct). It means that Direct translations are more closely tied to the original or translating word-by-word without changing the meaning that stated by Serge Sharoff as cited in Kurniawan (2009). While indirect translations are to translate in natural English (Bahns, 1993, as cited in Kurniawan, 2009). Definition of Collocations

Collocations are word pairs and phrases that are the source of the difficulty for non-native speakers of a language (Leed and Nakhimovsky, 1979; Benson, 1985; Benson, Benson, and Ilson, 1986). In Indonesian, collocation means sanding kata; a group of words that frequently appear together, for instance, in English the word bath goes with take notwith do, so the word bath becomes take a bath. It is also stressed by Imran (2009:27) that Collocations is tendency of a number of words which can be used together in a language. Every language has each habit to combine a word with a particular word, for instance in Indonesian the word mandi usually tends to appear with the word kembang.

(15)

8

constraints on how words can be used together. While according to Lauder (2012), collocation has been recognized for some time as something that translators need to be aware of. Collocations are of interest to translators not least because of the challenge of finding target language equivalence for collocate pairs. Muller (1998:13) also stated that collocations are non idiomatic, but describes facts objects or phenomenon of reality. Therefore, they are not usually expressed by different words totally in the other language.

According to Benson, Benson, and Ilson (1986), collocations divided into two major groups such as grammatical collocations and lexical collocations. Grammatical collocation is when a verb or adjective must be followed by a particular preposition, or a noun must be followed by a particular form of the verb. The examples of grammatical collocations such as depend on, afraid of, to be afraid that... On the other hand, the characteristic of lexical collocations consist of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs.

As cited in Hill (2000), J.R. Firth defined collocation as „the company words keep‟ – their relationships with other words. Another definition might be „the way words combine in

predictable way‟. There are more than fifteen patterns of English collocation, but the most

frequently used ones are those listed in table.1. (Hill, 2000, Bateni, 2010). In addition, I use nine patterns of Indonesian collocation, and these are presented in the table.2 to give more explanations in the data analysis part.

(16)

9

Table. 1. English collocation pattern according to Hill (2000) and Bateni (2010)

No. Patterns Example

1. Verb (activation and or nullification) + Noun Make an appointment 2. Verb (eradication and or nullification) + Noun Cut down the tree

3. Adjective + Noun Attempted suicide

4. Noun + Verb Tragedy happens

5. Noun1 + of + Noun2 This kind of problem

6. Adverb + Adjective Absolutely sure

7. Verb + Adverb Live happily

8. Noun + Noun A pocket calculator

9. Verb + Verb Be able to talk

10. Adverb + Verb Clearly warn

11. Verb + Adjective Feel confused

Table.2. Indonesian collocation pattern as provided in Achmad (2010)

No Patterns Example

11. Adverb + Verb Cepat-cepat pergi

12. Verb + Verb Bangun tidur

13. Adverb + Adjective Semakin cepat

The Study

(17)

10 The Data Research

In this research, the data were taken from chapter 1 to 4 of an Indonesian novel Negeri 5 Menara which is written by Ahmad Fuadi and its English translation The Land of Five Towers by Angie Kilbane. The novels were published by Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta; the Indonesian version in 2009, and the English translation in 2011. The reasons why I chose the novel were because first I have read the novel. Second, the novel is very popular and has been printed until 10 times from 2009 until 2011, and the English translation version was first printed in October 2011.

Data Collection Procedures

To collect the data, I used these following procedures; the first procedure is I looked for the novels. Second, I read the Indonesian text, then the English version. Third, I made a list of Indonesian collocations by scanning the novel. Only due to the limit of time, there are 45 collocations from the 4 chapters; chapter 1-4. Fourth, I looked for the translation of Indonesian collocations in the English version. In addition, I also used Oxford Collocations Dictionary to check whether the list of the collocations is right or wrong.

Data Analysis Procedures

(18)

11

Finding and Discussion

In this study, there are 45 collocations in the four chapters of the novel, consisting direct translational equivalence and indirect translational equivalence. I found indirect translational equvalence often occur in the chapter 1 to 4 of the novel. I also found a case where the Indonesian collocations are not translated at all.

Direct Translational Equivalence

Based on the analysis, the data in this category were translated word-by-word without changing the meaning by the translator. I found 14 collocations included in this category as provided in the table 3 (See Appendix 1). Here are some examples of the collocations fall into this category.

(1) Indonesian : “...., kami lepas waang dengan berat hati. “ (Chapter 2 page 13 line 13)

English : “...., we will let you go with heavy hearts.” (Chapter 2 page 13 line 5)

(2) Indonesian : Suara cempreng pubertasku memecah keheningan Minggu pagi ini. (Chapter 2 page 12 line 24)

English : My shrill pubescent voice broke the silence of that Sunday morning. (Chapter 2 page 12 line 16)

Berat hati and memecah keheningan are acceptable in Indonesian collocations. However, the difference of the two collocations is in the number of words in the English translation. There are two words in heavy heart, and three words in broke the silence.

The two collocations fall into direct equivalence because they were translated directly or literally. As the example provided in the data analysis number (1), berat hati was translated into heavy hearts. It is very clear that the collocation was translated literally. The word berat was translated into heavy, and hati translated into heart. In Indonesian collocations, the word hati tends to be followed by the word berat.

(19)

12

memecah. If we see memecah keheningan per word in English translation; memecah can be translated into split, break, and destroy. Split means cause a group of people to divide into separate or opposing parts; it is usually related to an argument. Break means cause something to be damaged and separated into pieces, meanwhile destroy means break or damage something so badly. Through the meaning of the three English translation of memecah can be concluded that the word break is more appropriate than the others. It is because the word break is more acceptable in English collocation.

Similar to the word memecah, keheningan can be translated into silence and quiteness. Silence means complete lack of noise, so it is totally deserted. Whereas, quietness means that there is still any noise even though it is just a little. Therefore, the English translation which is more acceptable in English collocation is silence. Furthermore, silence is usually followed by the word break.

Memecah keheningan is also similar to the other 44 data taken, for example, sepasang mata and isi perut in the table 3. The translation of sepasang mata is a pair of clear eyes, and isi perut is the content of stomach. However the difference of the three examples here is in the form of English translation. The English translation of memecah keheningan consist of three words, sepasang mata consist of five words and isi perut consist of four words.

(3) Indonesian : ... dengan sepasang mata yang bersih yang dinaungi alis tebal. (Chapter 2 page 6 line 2)

English : Her face was as thin as her body with a pair of clear eyes shaded by thick eyebrows. (Chapter 2 page 6 line 2)

(4) Indonesian : ... aku hadapkan muka ke laut lepas dan aku relakan isi perut ditelan laut. (Chapter 3 page 23 line 4)

English : ... I faced the sea and let it swallow the content of my stomach. (Chapter 3 page 22 line 16)

(20)

13

tends to be followed by perut. So sepasang mata, memecah keheningan, and isi perut are acceptable in Indonesian collocation and can be concluded that the English translation of the collocations belong to direct translational equivalence.

In here, I found that the translator of the novel translated the Indonesian collocations directly or using literal translation. However, the source language (SL) has the same order and meaning with the target language (TL). Therefore, all the 14 collocations can be concluded that the English translations belong to direct translational equivalence.

Indirect Translational Equivalence

There are 29 of 45 collocations in this category in the table 4 (See Appendix 2). In this category, almost all the 29 Indonesian collocations were not translated in the form of the complete English collocation by the translator. It is approximately 16 collocations were not translated only in one word (not in the form of the complete collocation). Here are some examples of the collocations fall into this category.

(5) Indonesian : Pikiranku langsung terbang jauh ke masa lalu. (Chapter 1 page 4 line 12)

English : My thoughts immediately flew far away to the past. (Chapter 1 page 4 line 14)

(6) Indonesian : Tepuk tangan murid, orang tua dan guru riuh mengepung aula. (Chapter 2 page 5 line 3)

English : The boisterous applause of students, parents and teachers filled the room. (Chapter 2 page 5 line 3)

(21)

14

However, in this context orang tua is father and mother. As the two collocations provided in the data analysis number (5) and (6), they fall into indirect translational equivalence because they have their own translation in English. Therefore, masa lalu and orang tua were translated into one word only.

Besides the Indonesian collocations were translated into one word, I also found the English translation of Indonesian collocations consist of two, three, four, and five words. Here are the examples of the translation of collocations which consist of two and three words:

(7) Indonesian : ..., Ayah akhirnya angkat bicara. (Chapter 2 page 13 line 13) English : ..., Father started speaking. (Chapter 2 page 13 line 4)

(8) Indonesian : Angin segar dari jendela yang terbuka meniup-niup muka dan rambutku (Chapter 4 page 28 line 4)

English : The fresh breeze from the open window blew over my face and hair. (Chapter 4 page 27 line 3)

Angkat bicara and angin segar are acceptable in Indonesian collocation. The word angkat is always followed by bicara which means starting to speak or speak up. Similar with angkat bicara, the word segar is always followed by the word angin which means fresh breeze in the English translation. Actually, angin segar can be translated into two words as in angkat bicara. If I see on the sentence, the translator wanted to emphasize that there is a fresh breeze in that place. untuk dimakan di kamar lagi. (Chapter 2 page 11 line 10)

English : I left only to go to the bathroom and to take a plate of rice to eat in my room. (Chapter 2 page 11 line 3)

(22)

15

English : Then she went quiet for a moment with a troubled face. (Chapter 2 page 7 line 3)

Usually buang air in English is to pee, not dispose water or throw away the water. In my opinion, the Indonesian sentence can be translated into I left only to pee and take a plate of rice to eat in my room. So go to the bathroom can be replaced with to pee because it also does make sense in English. However if I see from the context of the sentence in Indonesian version, the character of the novel wants to urinate that is certain in the bathroom or toilet.

In the words diam sejenak, it means that the character does not say a word for a moment. In the English translation, went quiet for a moment does not mean the character goes to a place and then do not say a word for a moment. However, the word quiet is always followed by go in English collocations. So, the translator translated diam sejenak into went quiet for a moment.

Some collocations may be translated into a single word in the Target Language (TL). However, the Indonesian collocation is not always translated into two words in English and vice versa. Therefore, all the 29 collocations can be concluded that the English translation of the Indonesian collocations belong to indirect translational equivalence.

Untranslated Collocations

I found two collocations which were not translated by the translator. The two collocations are gathered in the table 5. I have read all the Indonesian and English version, but there are some parts that the translator did not translate. I mean the translator did not translate all the Indonesian version text into English. Although there are a few sentences that were not translated, it still covers the core of story.

Table 5. Untranslated Collocations

No. Indonesian English translation

1 Latar belakang (not translated)

(23)

16

In here, latar belakang and percaya diri are not translated because they are included in the sentences which are not translated in the English version text. The sentences are in the data number (11) and (12).

(11) Indonesian : Padahal latar belakang religius ayahku tidak kalah kuat. (Chapter 2 page 10 line 8)

(12) Indonesian : ... bantahku percaya diri kepada para pembujuk ini. (Chapter 3 page 17 line 9)

Latar belakang in English is background. So the English translation in the sentence can be translated more or less like though my father's religious background is not as strong. Latar belakang is included in Indonesian collocation, because the word belakang is usually followed by the word latar. It is the same as the previous data, although the collocation is included in Indonesian collocation, it is not translated in the form of the complete collocation. Similar with the words latar belakang, percaya diri is included in Indonesian collocation, but the translation is confident which is not in the form of the complete collocation in English. The translation of the sentence is probably I said confidently to the persuader. If latar belakang and percaya diri were translated by the translator, it would be included in indirect translation equivalence.

The Structure of Collocations From Indonesian to English

(24)

17

I found a case where there are two patterns that are not listed on the Indonesian collocation pattern and five English collocation pattern in the 22 collocation patterns that I found. Here are the the Indonesian collocation patterns that I found in data number (13) and (14). Phrase. In sepasang mata, the word sepasang is from the combination of pasang and prefix se-. In here, prefix se- is „one‟ as singular and ‟pasang‟ is a noun. Sepasang explains the word mata. Therefore, the English translation of sepasang mata is as a pair of clear eyes as in the data number (18). Similar with sepasang mata, setengah hati is from the combination of prefix se- is one and the word tengah (numeral) is a noun to classify small thing. Therefore, setengah hati means not serious.

As I have mentioned before, I found five English collocation patterns that are not listed by Hill and Bateni. As the examples provided in data number (15) to (19), there are three patterns that consist of a word such as adjective, noun, and verb because the there is only one word in the translation of Indonesian collocations.

(15) Adjective:

(25)

18

(16) Noun:

 Past  Face  Parents

(17) Verb:

 Applauded

(18) NP (Noun Phrase):

 A half-hearted  A pair of clear eyes  The key players

(19) VP (Verb Phrase):

 Slammed the door  Go to the bathroom

In data number (18), for example the key players, the word key explains the word players in reffering the players specifically. Therefore, the key players is Noun Phrase. While Verb Phrase take the verb one step further by comprising the verb, plus the complement, object, or adverb. As the example provided in data number (19) slammed the door, the word slammed is the verb and the door is as the object. Whereas go to the bathroom, the word go is the verb and to the bathroom is as the complement.

Overall, the analysis reveals that the translator translated the collocations according to the context, and mostly using indirect translation equivalence. If all the collocations were translated literally, I believe it can lead to readers‟ misunderstandings. I would say that all the

(26)

19

Table 6. The Structure of Collocations From Indonesian to English

No.

Menghelas nafas Taking in a deep breath

21 V + N NP Ditiup angin Waves in the wind

(27)

20 Conclusion

This study aims to find out how are the Indonesian collocations in Negeri 5 Menara are translated into the English version The Land of Five Towers. This research is important to be carried out because collocations are used in everyday life. However, to learn about collocations is difficult for foreign language learners; even more to translate them.

The translator used two theory equivalence in translating collocations. Based on Gutt‟s

theory, the translator mostly translated the Indonesian collocations to English using indirect translational equivalence. In addition, as mentioned by Hill, Bateni, and Achmad there are only 7 Indonesian collocation patterns, and 6 English collocation patterns. However, not all the structure of the English translation are the same as Indonesian collocation patterns.

However, this study still has limitations. The first limitation is the number of the data (n=45). Bigger number of the data will be more beneficial for the reliability of the further studies. The second limitation is on the time allocation. There is limit of time for me doing the research. Therefore, having the time allocation which is longer than the time in this present study will be more valuable.

Hopefully this study will help teachers to be more aware of collocation that produced by the students since translating collocation is one of the important ability that students should have. Teachers should pay attention on the collocations in the teaching-learning process by adding exercise that focus explicitly on lexical phrase. The teachers should notice which words go together when giving out a new reading. They should develop their activities that enable students to discover collocations themselves, then storing the collocations by keeping a lexical notebook. Besides that, teachers also increase knowledge of the students while giving feedback on the students‟ error.

(28)

21

the source text and has translated it into English. So for the next researchers, it is recommended that they also conduct a research of translation of collocations from English to Indonesian.

Acknowledgement

(29)

22 References

Achmad, A. (2010). English and Indonesian Patterns of Lexical Collocations: A Cross Linguistic Comparison. Retrieved February 12, 2012, from http://papers.gunadarma.ac.id/index.php/letter/article/viewFile/617/576

Guangrong, D. (t.thn.). The Applications of Keywords and Collocation to Translation-Studies and Teaching Based on the Translation Corpora. A Tentative Research on the Parallel Corpus of 17th NCCPC Report , 1-15.

Hill, J. (2000). Revising priorities: from grammatical failure to collocational success. In M. Lewis, Teaching Collocation: Further Development in the Lexical Approach (pp. 47-69). Boston: ThomsonLearning.

Mambu, J. E (2010). English-Indonesian Translation course: Form and Meaning.

Joseph, J. E. (2012). The Equivalence and Shift in the Indonesian Translation from English Nominal Collocation. Retrieved February 12, 2012, from http://papers.gunadarma.ac.id/index.php/mletter/article/view/15091/14330

Kurniawan, E. (2009). Translational Equivalence of Indonesian Collocation into English in the Field of Sport. Unpublished master's thesis, English Department, Faculty of Letters,

Gunadarma University. Retrieved February 2, 2012, from

http://papers.gunadarma.ac.id/index.php/letter/article/view/2316

Lauder, A. (2012). Collocation, Semantic Preference and Translation: Semantic Preference as a Reference Source for Translation. 1-15. Retrieved February 12, 2012, from

Miyanda, F. (2007, June). Total Meaning and Equivalence in Translation. NAWA Journal of Language and Communication , 46-56.

Munday, J., and Hatim, B. (2004). Translation: An Advanced resource book. New York: Routledge.

(30)

23

Pain, C.-C. S. (2000). An ESL Writer‟ Collocational Aid. Computer Assisted Language Learning., 13, 167-182.

Pym, A. (2010). Exploring Translation Theories. New York: Routledge.

Rabeh, F. (2009). Problem in Translating Collocations: The Case of Master I Students of Applied Language. Unpublised master dissertation, Mentoury-University, Republic of

Algeria. Retrieved May 17, 2013 from

http://bu.umc.edu.dz/theses/anglais/FAN1152.pdf

Said, M. (2012). Sanding Kata Indonesian Pembelajar Asing: Sebuah Kajian Empiris.

Retrieved February 12, 2012, from

http://staffsite.gunadarma.ac.id/mashadi/index.php?stateid=download.

Shei, C.-C., and Pain, H. (2000). An ESL Writer‟ Collocational Aid. Computer Assisted Language Learning., 13, 167-182.

Simatupang, M. D. (1999). Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.

Smadja, F., Hatzivassiloglou, V., and McKeown, K. R. (1996). Translating Collocations for Bilingual Lexicons: A Statistical Approach. Association for Computational Linguistics , 22, 1-38. Retrieved March 19, 2012, from http: //acl.ldc.upenn.edu/H/H94/H94-1027.pdf

(31)

24 Appendix 1

Table 3. Collocations included in direct translational equivalence

Data Indonesian English translation

1 Sepasang mata A pair of clear eyes

2 Membanting pintu Slammed the door

3 Menarik hati Draw (my) heart

4 Memecah keheningan Broke the silence

5 Berat hati Heavy hearts

6 Setengah hati A half-hearted

7 Puncak gunung Mountain peaks

8 Isi perut The content of stomach

9 Kabut tipis Thin mist

10 Ujung jalan The end of the road

11 Belajar mengajar Teaching-learning

12 Tumpukan buku Piles of books

13 Sepanjang tahun Throughout the year

(32)

25 Appendix 2

Table 4. Collocations included in indirect translational equivalence

Data Indonesian English translation 6 Menghela nafas Taking in a deep breath

Gambar

Table. 6. The structure of collocations from Indonesian to English........................................19
Table. 1. English collocation pattern according to Hill (2000) and Bateni (2010)
Table 5. Untranslated Collocations
Table 6. The Structure of Collocations From Indonesian to English
+3

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

[r]

Digital Repository Universitas Jember Digital Repository Universitas Jember... Digital Repository Universitas Jember Digital Repository

Beberapa pertimbangan digunakannya system kerja PMM (Penangan material secara manual) dalam aktivitas pengangkatan Koran ini adalah karena peletakkan Koran diatur

[r]

Ter inspirasi dari beberapa sufi seperti Ibn ‘Arabi>, ‘Abdurrauf menye but wujud alam sebagai “bayangan” Tuhan, sebagaimana telah dijelaskan dalam pembahasan sebelumnya,

[r]

Panitia Pengadaan Barang/ Jasa pada Kantor Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Ponorogo Tahun Anggaran 2013 akan melaksanakan Pelelangan Sederhana dengan pascakualifikasi secara

2 Lihat Prof.. Seluruh proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaannya juga harus melibatkan tidak hanya kader laki-laki parpol saja tetapi kader perempuan parpol juga harus ikut dilibatkan