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Progress in River Engineering & Hydraulic Structures, Volume 1(Edited Book Series)

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P ROGRESS IN R IVER E NGINEERING

& H YDRAULIC S TRUCTURES

V OLUME 1

M OHAMMED B AQER N. A L -B AGHDADI

E DITOR

International Energy and Environment Foundation

2018

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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher.

NOTICE TO THE READER

The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book. The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works.

Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in this book. In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication.

This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought.

Progress in River Engineering & Hydraulic Structures: Volume 1/

Mohammed Baqer N. Al-Baghdadi (editor).

ISBN-13: 978-1985202061 ISBN-10: 1985202069

International Energy and Environment Foundation.

www.IEEFoundation.org Water Research Center, WRC www.WRC.IEEFoundation.org

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www.IEEFoundation.org

I

NTERNATIONAL

E

NERGY AND

E

NVIRONMENT

F

OUNDATION

www.WRC.IEEFoundation.org

C ^ONTENTS

Preface ⁱⁱⁱ

List of contributors ^v

Chapter 1 Optimum Safe Hydraulic Design of Stepped Spillway.

Ishraq M. R. A. Al-Shareefi, Abdul-Hassan K. Al-Shukur, Safaa K. Hashim Al-Khalaf

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Chapter 2 Investigation of Local Scour Around Curved Groynes.

Huda Hadi Al-Yassiry, Hayder A. K. Al-Thamiry, Hasan Mahdi M. Al-Khateeb

93

Chapter 3 Investigating the Setting of the Entrance of Vertical Suction Pipes in Storm Water Pump Station.

Ali Hussein Athab, Hasan Mahdi M. Al-Khateeb, Hayder A. K.

Al-Thamiry

229

Chapter 4 Experimental Investigation to Determine the Discharge Coefficient of Piano Key Weir.

Zainab Ahmed El-Katib, Saleh I. Khassaf, Laith J. Aziz

317

Chapter 5 Manning Roughness Coefficient of Ferrocement Canals Strengthened Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer.

Batool Adel Farhan, Hayder Talib Nimnim

469

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Progress in River Engineering & Hydraulic Structures – Volume 1

iii

P REFACE

W

ater is the essential element that all life-forms on our planet are dependent on. It is impossible to assess its value because it is equal to the life itself. Humans realized this fact long time ago and they always endeavored to control and manage water resources as they were afflicted by the drought and flood events throughout history.

Therefore, the engineering of water resources and hydraulic structures is as old as the human civilization. The earliest known engineered irrigation system was developed in ancient Mesopotamia (Iraq); an advanced system of dikes, dams and canals was built for the purpose of irrigation and flood control. The main water sources for this system were the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. During plant growing seasons, the flow of water was properly regulated. Each farmer was allowed a certain amount of water, which was diverted from the canal into an irrigation ditch.

The oldest known engineering plan of such an irrigation system has been documented on some unique and ancient clay tablet which has been discovered in Babylonia (belonging to 1684-1647 BC). It shows a map of canals with cuneiform scripts providing details about names, lengths, widths and depths of the canals and the volume of sediment to be dredged. Mesopotamians have acquired the expertise of maintaining their irrigation system over thousands of years. This contribution was a major step toward the modernization of humanity.

The Water Research Center (located in Iraq), which is dedicated to the exchange of knowledge and technology in the water sector, has been inspired by those ancient engineers, hence published this book series entitled “Progress in River Engineering & Hydraulic Structures”. It is intended to be a worldwide platform for the contemporary research in this field. Chapters of this series demonstrate the stringent need for new solutions and technologies in the subject of river engineering and hydraulic structures. The chapters cover a wide range of problems related to river regime and training works, performance of different kinds of hydraulic structures and any related multidisciplinary research. We believe that through the collaboration of researchers, engineers and professionals, we can accelerate the development in these areas. The book is aimed to serve as a reference for both researchers and postgraduate students.

I express my gratitude for the effort and commitment of all of the participants who submitted chapters upon my requests and for implementing the numerous notes I have been recommending to them.

Mohammed Baqer N. Al-Baghdadi

Director of Water Research Center, Editor wrc.ieefoundation.org

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Progress in River Engineering & Hydraulic Structures – Volume 1

v

L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS

Safaa K. Hashim Al-Khalaf

Structures & Water Resources Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Hasan Mahdi M. Al-Khateeb

Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Ishraq M. R. A. Al-Shareefi

Abdul-Hassan K. Al-Shukur

Civil Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Iraq.

Hayder A. K. Al-Thamiry

Water Resources Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

Huda Hadi Al-Yassiry

Ali Hussein Athab

Laith J. Aziz

Zainab Ahmed El-Katib

Batool Adel Farhan

Saleh I. Khassaf

Civil Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Iraq.

Hayder Talib Nimnim

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