THE EFFECT OF SMALL GROUP WORK STRATEGY
ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING
PROCEDURE TEXT
A THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
ASRINA SARI SIREGAR
Registration Number: 2111521002
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The greatest gratitude is expressed to Allah SWT, the Almighty and Most Beneficial for His Grace, Guidance, Praise, Honor and Mercy that has been given to writer so that she finally accomplishes her thesis entitled “The Effect of Small Group Work Strategy on Students’s Achievement in Writing Procedure Text”.
This thesis is submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State university of Medan as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for taking the degreeof Sarjana Pendidikan. During the completion of this thesis, the writer realized that she had received a lot of help, and suggestion. Therefore, the writer would like to express her sincerest gratitude to :
• Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom M.Pd., Rector of State University of Medan.
• Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts State University of Medan and all her staffs.
• Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department and my
first Thesis Advisor.
• Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department.
• Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd, S.S, M.Hum., the Head of English Education
Study Program.
• Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., her second Thesis Advisor.
• Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed.,
Johannes Jefria Gultom, S.Pd. M.Hum., her Thesis Reviewers
• Sahabuddin Hasibuan, S.Pd., The Headmaster of SMP Negeri 1 Padang
Bolak Julu for helping the writer to complete this thesis.
• Eis Sriwahyuningsih, M.Pd., and Pantes, the administration staff of
English Department, for their attention, asistance, and information in completing this thesis.
• Her beloved parents (Irsan Zulkifli Siregar S.E and Maryam Harahap), Thanks for their endless love and has been patiently given their moral and financial, advices, motivations, support, and also her beloved brother (M. Arif Siregar and M. Taufik Siregar)
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ABSTRACT
Siregar, Asrina Sari. The Effect of Small Group Work Strategy on Student’s Achievement in Writing Procedure Text. A Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Language and Arts. State University of Medan. 2015.
This study attempts to discover the effect of applying Small Group Work Strategy on students’ achievement in writing procedure text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the nineth (IX) grade students of SMP N 1 Padang Bolak Julu which consists of 3 parallel classes with the total number of students is 90. The samples of this research were taken by random sampling through lottery technique. The result was class IX1 consisted of 30 students became the experimental group and class IX3 consisted of 30 students became the control group. The experimental group was taught by Small Group Work Strategy while the control group was taught by using individual work strategy. The instrument was used to collect the data was writing procedure text. After the data were analyzed, it was found that the value of t-observed was 3.37 with the degree of freedom (df) = 58 at the level significance 0.05. it means that t-observed was higher than t-table (3.37 > 2.00. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is reected and the hypothesis alternative (Ha) is accepted.
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CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. The Background of the Problem ... 1
B. The Problem of the Study ... 5
C. The Objective of the Study ... 5
D. The Scope of the Study ... 5
E. The Significance of the Study ... 6
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 7
A. Theoritical Framework ... 7
1. Student Achievement in Writing ... 7
2. Writing ... 9
3. Writing Process ... 10
4. Assement of Writing ... 11
5. Genre of Writing ... 13
6. Procedure Text ... 13
7. Strategy of Teaching ... 15
8. The Small Group Work strategy ... 18
9. The Advantages of Small Group Work ... 19
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CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ... 31
A. Research Design ... 31
B. Population and Sample ... 31
C. Instrument for Collecting Data ... 32
D. Procedure of Collecting the Data ... 32
E. Scoring System of the Test ... 39
F. The Validity and Reliability of the Test ... 41
G. The Technique for Analyzing The Data ... 43
H. The Statistical Hypothesis ... 44
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS ... 45
A. Data ... 45
B. Data Analysis ... 46
C. Testing Hypothesis ... 48
D. Discussions ... 48
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ... 50
A. Conclusion ... 50
B. Suggestions ... 50
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LIST OF TABLE
Pages
Table 1.1. The Percentage of Score ... 3
Table 2.1. Rubric Assesments for Writing Procedure Text ... 12
Table 3.1. Research Design ... 31
Table 3.2 The Treatment for Experimental Group ... 38
Table 3.3. The Treatment for Control Group ... 39
Table 3.4. Rubric Assesment of Writing Procedure ... 40
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LIST OF APENDICES
Pages
Appendix A. Lesson Plan ... 54
Appendix B. The Scores of Pre-Test and Post-Test in Experimental class .... 97
Appendix C. The Scores of Pre-Test and Post-Test in Control class ... 99
Appendix D. The Scores of Two Raters Reliability ... 101
Appendix E . The Calculation of Reliability of the Test ... 103
Appendix F. The Calculation of the T-Test Experimental Group ... 106
Appendix G. The Calculation of the T-Test Control Group ... 109
Appendix H. The Calculation of the T-Test ... 112
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Language has a very important role in human activities to communicate
with other people. It is used to express their feelings, purposes, ideas, even in
spoken or written way. There are many languages all over the world and one of
them is english. English as an international language has been commonly used not
only in speaking but also in writing. In indonesia, English has been taught from
elementary school up to University level. But actually, there are still many people
who are not able to write in english well.
In teaching-learning process of English subject, there are four skills. They
are speaking, listening, and reading and writing. In practice, teachers usually focus
on speaking, listening, and reading before they teach their students how to write.
It does not mean that writing is not important. All of these language skill are very
important to everyone especially for students to become fluent in english. Writing
is one of the four language skills that plays a very important role in second
language learning. People use writing to express feelings and ideas, to
communicate with others and also have remembering facts and details. People
need to learn writing in English, for occupational or academic purposes. Writing
is a process of transforming thoughts and ideas into written form. (Harmer,
2004:13) Writing skill is specific ability which helps writers put their thoughts
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(Hyland, 2002:88) defines that writing is generative in which writers can explore
and discover ideas as they write. So, by writing students can express their
knowledge, ideas, messages, and feelings into the form of lettersband convey their
messages to the readers.
Stratified Educational Unit curiculum ( Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan
Pendidikan/KTSP 2006) of Junior High School states that in writing, students are
expected to comprehend the element of the text and be able to write certain types
of text. One of yhe text introduced in this level is procedure text.
The procedure text is one of the genres in writing that must be well-
mastered by the students. procedure text is a text that shows a process in order.
The purpose of procedure text is to help readers do a task or make something. The
text organizations of procedure text are goal, materials, and steps. Goal means the
final purpose of doing the instruction. Material means ingredients, utensils,
equipment to do the instructions. Step means a set of instruction to achieve the
final purpose. The language features are use of imperatives, actions, connectives,
and adverbial phrases.
Adrie (http://bahasa .kompasiana.com/2011/01/17/procedure-text/) states
that procedure is the set of steps which should be completed in the right sequence
to get the goal and it is related to most our daily life. In our daily life, procedure
text is used to perform some steps to make or get something done. Tat is reason
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Based on the experiences of some prelimanary researchers, the students
faced some difficulties in writing and their achievement in writing skill is quite
The percentage of Grade IX 4 students’ score in Writing
Semester KKM Score Students Percentage Mean
First
Students accumulated score of Grade IX students at SMP N 1 Padang Bolak Julu academic year 2013/2014 and 2014/2015
From the previous data, it can be concluded that the students’ ability in
writing is still low. It can be seen from the most of students’ score percentage was
under the KKM.
Based on the observation done by the researcher in the grade IX of SMP
N 1 Padang Bolak Julu, teacher’s explanation about the weakness of students in
writing. Many students got difficulties to develop their writing because of many
factors such as lacking of vocabularies, motivation, and limited of grammar make
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English. The students are difficult in generating and organizing ideas into a
paragraph if he works individually, but it will be different for the students if they
are grouped in some small groups. This condition affects the students’
achievement in writing procedure text. So some creative and engaged strategy
should be used in order to make the teaching writing more effective and
interesting.
Teachers can make writing enjoyable for students by using variety of
activities, approaches, methods, strategies and techniques. Based on the
explanation above, writer is interested in small group work strategy.
Small group work is one of the strategy in teaching and learning process.
Small group strategy engages student actively in discussion. Students can
communicate one another to exchange any information or idea about the topic being discussed. Beside it, small group work also increases students’ motivation
in learning. Therefore, the writer is convinced that by using small group work
strategy the teaching learning process will be more succesfull, especially in
teaching and learning procedure text in writing. There is a well of information
about group work and the benefits of collaborative learning. When students spend
time meeting in groups, they are able to achieve a deeper learning themes covered
in class as well as develop skills, such as writing and communication (Light,
2001).
The effectiveness of small group work has been researched and proved by
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social interactions as well as learning about various backgrounds, culture, beliefs,
and attitudes (Payne et al., 2004). Svinicki (2005) found out that small group work
strategy was an excellent alternative to the lecturer, especially when higher
cognitive process needs to be practiced. It will be fun for the students and it will
challenge the instructor to apply.
The most important advantage is that small group work strategy will not
bore the students. That is the reason why the writer chooses small group work as
the title of this research.
B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the background, it is necessary to formulate the problem on this research as follows : “Is the students’ achievement in writing procedure text
taught by small group work strategy higher than the students’ achievement taught
by individual strategy ?”
C. The Objective of the Study
This study is intended to find out whether student’s achievement taught by
small group work strategy is higher than students’ achievement taught by
individual strategy in writing procedure text.
D. The Scope of the Study
Language skill have four skill, such as listening, writing, reading and
speaking. This study focus on writing. There are many genres of writing. Such as
narrative, descriptive, recount, procedure, anecdote, expository, and many types
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on identifying the effect of small group work strategy on students’ achievement in
writing procedure text.
E. The Significance of the Study
It is expected that this study gives some contribution to language teaching
and learning. The result of the study is expected to be useful for :
1. Theoritically
a. The result of the study can be used as input in English teaching learning
process, especially in teaching writing procedure text.
b. The theory of the research paper can be used as the references for those
who want to conduct a research in English teaching-learning process.
2. Practically
a. To motivate students to be better in writing procedure text
b. Teachers are motivated to apply this strategy as alternative to teach
procedure text writing
c. Other researcher interested in applying this strategy as the basic
