Proceedings S 5 2015 Edisi Revisi. Ribut Surjowati

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ISSN: 2088-6799

LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AND SHIFT V

Master Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University

in Collaboration with

Balai Bahasa Provinsi Jawa Tengah

September 2 3, 2015

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Balai Bahasa Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Jalan Imam Bardjo, S.H. No.5 Semarang

Telp/Fax +62-24-8448717

Email: seminarlinguistics@gmail.com

Website: www.mli.undip.ac.id/lamas

International Seminar

Language Maintenance and Shift V

“The Role of Indigenous Languages in Constructing Identity”

September 2 3, 2015

21 x 29,7 cm

xviii+433 hlm.

ISSN: 2088-6799

Compiled by:

Herudjati Purwoko (Indonesia)

Agus Subiyanto (Indonesia)

Wuri Sayekti (Indonesia)

Tohom Marthin Donius Pasaribu (Indonesia)

Yudha Thianto (United States of America)

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NOTE

This international seminar on Language Maintenance and Shift V (LAMAS V for short) is a continuation of the previous LAMAS seminars conducted annually by the Master Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University in cooperation with Balai Bahasa Provinsi Jawa Tengah.

We would like to extent our deepest gratitude to the seminar committee for putting together the seminar that gave rise to this compilation of papers. Thanks also go to the Head and the Secretary of the Master Program in Linguistics Diponegoro University, without whom the seminar would not have been possible.

The table of contents lists 92 papers presented at the seminar. Of these papers, 5 papers are presented by invited keynote speakers. They are Prof. Aron Repmann, Ph.D. (Trinity Christian College, USA), Prof. Yudha Thianto, Ph.D. (Trinity Christian College, USA), Dr. Priyankoo Sarmah, Ph.D. (Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India), Helena I.R. Agustien, Ph.D. (Semarang State University, Indonesia), and Dr. M. Suryadi, M.Hum. (Diponegoro University, Indonesia).

In terms of the topic areas, the papers are in sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, theoretical linguistics, antropolinguistics, pragmatics, applied linguistics, and discourse analysis.

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NOTE FOR REVISED EDITION

There is a little change in this revised edition, which as the shifting of some parts of the article by Tatan Tawami and Retno Purwani Sari entitled “Sundanese Identity Represented by the Talents of Ini Talkshow A Study of Pragmatics” on page 166 to 167. This has an impact on the change of table of contents.

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SCHEDULE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AND SHIFT V

The Role of Indigenous Languages in Constructing Identity

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2015

TIME NAME TITLE PAGE ROOM CHAIR PERSON

07.00 - 08.00 REGISTRATION LOBBY Committee

08.00 - 08.15 SPEECH FROM THE COMMITTEE KRYPTON Head of

Committee Prof. Aron Reppmann, Ph.D. CODE SWITCHING IN CARTHAGE: AUGUSTINE'S USE OF THE PUNIC

LANGUAGE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CULTURAL UNITY 1 - 7

Prof. Yudha Thianto, Ph.D.

LOAN WORDS AS SHAPERS OF IDENTITY IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY MALAY: A HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS STUDY OF CHRISTIAN SONGS INTRODUCED BY THE VOC

19 - 27

Dr. Priyankoo Sarmah, Ph.D. LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AND SHIFT: THE ASSAM SORA PERSPECTIVE 8 - 18

10.30 - 11.00 COFFEE BREAK RESTO

ANALISIS KESALAHAN BAHASA: PERBANDINGAN ANTARA PELAJAR KELAS

CEMERLANG DAN PELAJAR KELAS KURANG CEMERLANG 328 - 331

Deli Nirmala ATTITUDES TOWARDS JAVANESE LANGUAGE AND ITS MAINTENANCE BY THE

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY 58 - 62 Pradnya Permanasari WILL JAVANESE LANGUAGE BECOME EXTINCT? 114 - 118

Siti Suharsih PENGGUNAAN BAHASA JAWA DIALEK BANTEN DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA

(STUDI KASUS PADA DUA PTN DI PROPINSI BANTEN) 378 - 381

PARALLEL 1 B

KRYPTON II Committee Ahmad Jazuly IMPLEMENTASI PENGEMBANGAN BAHASA PADA ANAK USIA DINI 201 - 205

Eric Kunto Aribowo

SELAMATKAN PERKAWINANMU, SELAMATKAN BAHASAMU: CATATAN MENGENAI DAMPAK POSITIF PERKAWINAN ENDOGAMI TERHADAP BAHASA MASYARAKAT KETURUNAN ARAB DI PASAR KLIWON SURAKARTA

271 - 275

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International Seminar “Language Maintenance and Shift” V September 2-3, 2015 Jumharia Djamereng INFLUENTIAL FACTORS IN THE MAINTENANCE OF TAMIL LANGUAGE AMONG

INDIAN SOCIETIES IN MEDAN, NORTH SUMATERA 77 - 80

Masruddin WOTU LANGUAGE IN ENDANGERED PHASE : SOLUTION FOR REVITALIZING

WOTU LANGUAGE 91 - 94

Siti Fitriati GAYA BAHASA DALAM SASTRA LISAN LAMPUNG PEPANCOGH 374 - 377 Sofi Aulia Rahmania RAGAM DIALEK PADA MASYARAKAT TUTUR KABUPATEN DEMAK 382 - 386

PARALLEL 1 D

MATRIX Committee Ribut Surjowati NEWSPAPER IDEOLOGY: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON 2002 BALI

BOMBING AND PAPUA CONFLICT REPORTED BY SYDNEY MORNING HERALD 129 - 133

Risha Devina Rahzanie KEBERPIHAKAN BAHASA JURNALISTIK MEDIA MASSA DALAM KERAJAAN

JOKOWI 365 - 368

Nurhayati POLITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF MEGAWATI'S SPEEC IN THE OPENING

OF THE FOURTH CONGRESS OF THE PDIP 105 - 109

P. Ari Subagyo JEJAK KUASA DALAM SABDA RAJA DAN DHAWUH RAJA: TINJAUAN ANALISIS

WACANA KRITIS 350 - 354

12.30 - 13.30 LUNCH BREAK RESTO

13.30 - 15.00

PARALLEL 2 A

KRYPTON I Committee Rosida Tiurma Manurung ANALISIS DIMENSI SOSIAL, BUDAYA, DAN EKONOMI DALAM FENOMENA ALIH

KODE DI RUSUNAWA 369 - 373

Antonius Suratno, Cecilia T Murniati, Emilia N Aydawati

A STUDY OF THE PERCPTUAL BELIEFS AND THE USE OF INFORMAION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING 39 - 43

Pradiptia Wulan Utami ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE DALAM ACARA “BUKAN SEKEDAR WAYANG” DI

NET TV: SUATU KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK 355 - 359

Rin Surtantini, Teguh Imam Subarkah

LANGUAGE INFERIORITY OF NON-MAINSTREAM VERNACULAR: A CASE OF

NGAPAK AND BANDHEK DIALECTS 124 - 128

PARALLEL 2 B

KRYPTON II Committee Agus Hari Wibowo PERMASALAHAN PENGUCAPAN BUNYI VOKAL BAHASA INGGRIS 197 - 200

Apriliya Dwi Prihatiningtyas

PENGARUH SISTEM FONOLOGI BAHASA PERTAMA TERHADAP

PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA KEDUA: STUDI KASUS PADA PENUTUR BAHASA CINA DAN JEPANG

229 - 232

Eko Widianto INTERFERENSI BAHASA ARAB DAN BAHASA JAWA PADA TUTURAN

MASYARAKAT PONDOK PESANTREN SEBAGAI GEJALA PERGESERAN BAHASA 262 - 266

Taufik Suadiyatno MOTHER-TONGUE (L1) PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCEIN THE SPOKEN

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TIME NAME TITLE PAGE ROOM CHAIR PERSON

13.30 - 15.00

PARALLEL 2 C

KRYPTON III Committee Amy Sabila SEBAMBANGAN CULTURAL SOCIETY IN THE DISTRICT OF LAMPUNG PEPADUN

KIBANG BUDI JAYA UNIT 6 TULANG BAWANG LAMPUNG 210 - 214 Pininta Veronika Silalahi LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY IN THE WEDDING CEREMONY OF BATAK TOBA 110 - 113 Raheni Suhita, Djoko

Sulaksono, Kenfitria Diah Wijayanti

DAYA PRAGMATIK DAN FUNGSI MANTRA PENGLARISAN BAGI MASYARAKAT

JAWA 360 - 364

Adam Damanhuri MADURESE PROVERBS (A SOCIOLINGUISTICS COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE OF

MADURESE MEANING OF LIFE) 28 - 29

PARALLEL 2 D

MATRIX Committee Angga Cahyaning Utami REALISASI TUTURAN EKSPRESIF TENAGA KERJA WANITA DALAM FILM

MINGGU PAGI DI VICTORIA PARK 215 - 219

Rosaria Mita Amalia, Rani Sitifitriani

APPLICATION OF PERFORMATIVE CONCEPT ON ENGLISH LEGAL

DOCUMENTS: A STUDY OF PRAGMATICS 134 - 138

Athiyah Salwa THE INFLUENCE OF MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY IN INDONESIAN SONG LYRICS 248 - 252 Cahyo Ramadani, Aris

Munandar

PRESERVING VERNACULARS IN INDONESIA: A BILINGUAL

VERNACULAR-ENGLISH DICTIONARY APPROACH 49 - 53

15.00 - 16.30

PARALLEL 3 A

KRYPTON I Committee Titi Puji Lestari PERILAKU SOSIAL MASYARAKAT INDONESIA AKIBAT KOSA KATA SERAPAN

BAHASA ASING DALAM BIDANG TEKNOLOGI DAN KULINER 399 - 403 Eny Setyowati, Sri

Pamungkas

PERSINGGUNGAN ANTARBAHASA MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DI PESISIR PANTAI

SELATAN PACITAN 267 - 270

Clara Herlina Karjo IMPACTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA TOWARDS LANGUAGE SHIFT AMONG UNIVERSITY

STUDENTS 54 - 57

Melor Fauzita Binti Md. Yusoff AMALAN KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA BAHASA ARAHAN GOLONGAN

MAHASISWA 308 - 312

PARALLEL 3 B

KRYPTON II Committee Nursyifa Azzahro MAKNA SIMBOLIK PERMAINAN CINGCIRIPIT SERTA MANFAATNYA BAGI

PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK 345 - 349

I Nengah Suandi PENYUSUNAN KAMUS SERAPAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA

DAERAH DI INDONESIA 291 - 295

Favorita Kurwidaria KEUNIKAN DAN KEESTETISAN PEMAKAIAN BAHASA RINENGGA DALAM

WACANA PANYANDRA UPACARA ADAT PERNIKAHAN MASYARAKAT JAWA 286 - 290 Lalu Ari Irawan, Susanto,

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International Seminar “Language Maintenance and Shift” V September 2-3, 2015

PERSEPSI GURU TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN DATA KORPUS DALAM

PENGAJARAN TATA BAHASA BAHASA MELAYU 285 - 289 Suparto ADJECTIVISH INDONESIAN VERBS: A COGNITIVE SEMANTICS PERSPECTIVE 161 - 165 Mulyadi CATEGORIZATION OF EMOTION VERBS IN BAHASA INDONESIA 95 - 99

Siyaswati POLITENESS STRATEGY IN AMERICAN FOLKTALES: “JACK AND THE _BEANSTALK” 143 - 146

PARALLEL 3 D

MATRIX Committee Prihantoro PROPER WORDS TO COMMON WORDS CONVERSION: THE FAMOUS, THE

INFAMOUS AND THE GROWTH OF INFORMAL LEXICON 119 - 123 Tri Wahyu Retno Ningsih PERSEPSI HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM TERHADAP ASPEK FONEMIS 409 - 412

Netty Nurdiyani NAMA DIRI ANAK JAWA DI ERA GLOBAL 332 - 335

Ani Rachmat ISTILAH KEKERABATAN SEBAGAI FRAGMEN DARI NATIONAL WORLD-VIEW 220 - 223

19.00 - 21.00 DINNER KRYPTON

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 2015

07.30 - 08.00 REGISTRATION LOBBY Committee

08.00 - 10.00

Helena I.R. Agustien, Ph.D. PENINGKATAN LITERASI SEKOLAH: APA IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PARA PENDIDIK? 187 - 191

M. Suryadi TRIPILAR PELURUSLERESAN BASA ALUS SEMARANGAN UPAYA TERHADAP

PELESTARIAN BAHASA IBU 192 - 196

10.30 - 12.30

PARALLEL 4 A

KRYPTON I Committee Asrofah, Festi Himatu Karima,

Larasati FETISME BAHASA DALAM LAGU POPULER 243 - 247

Y.B. Agung Prasaja REVISITING MODEL OF READING COMPREHENSION IN LANGUAGE

ACQUISITION 180 - 182

Nungki Heriyati, M. Rayhan Bustam

PEMENANG VS “ORANG YANG KALAH”: REFLEKSI IDENTITAS DAN BUDAYA

BANGSA 336 - 340

Susi Machdalena KEUNIKAN ANTROPONIM RUSIA KAJIAN ANTROPONIMIKA 396 - 398

Ali Badrudin MENGUNGKAP PENGETAHUAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT JAWA DALAM

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KONSRUKSI BAHASA DALAM SLOGAN (TAGLINE) IDENTITAS TUJUAN WISATA

(DESTINATION BRANDING) DI ENAM KOTA DI INDONESIA 238 - 242

Welsi Damayanti FONOLOGI BAHASA MELAYU PROVINSI RIAU DAN BAHASA MINANG TANAH

DATAR SUMATERA BARAT 426 - 429

Antonio Constantino Soares PASSIVE-LIKE CONSTRUCTIONS IN MAKASAE LANGUAGE 35 - 38

Indrawati Pusparini THE LANGUAGE STYLE ANALYSIS IN JOB ADVERTISEMENT FOUND IN KOMPAS

NEWSPAPAER 72 - 76

Mohd. Rasdi bin Saamah, Abu Hassan Abdul

PERSAMAAN LAMBANG DAN MAKNA DALAM PERIBAHASA SEMAI DAN

PERIBAHASA MELAYU 313 - 317

PARALLEL 4 C

KRYPTON III Committee Asep Burhan Nurdin, Dina

Manda Putri, Dina Rosdiana, Prifta Alina Pergiwati

THE PRESERVATION OF SUNDANESE LANGUAGE IN MULTI-ETHNIC FAMILIES: THE RESEARCH OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN SAWARNA VILLAGE, BAYAH SUB-DISTRICT, LEBAK REGENCY

233 - 237

Veria Septianingtias MORFOFONEMIK BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA LAMPUNG: KAJIAN

MORFOLOGI KONTRASTIF 417 - 420

Trisnowati Tanto LANGUAGE PLAY AND ITS FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN’S FICTION 175 - 179 Herudjati Purwoko LET'S "HAVE A LISTEN" TO A RADIO TALK 67 - 71 Juanda "PUPUH" SEBUAH PROYEKSI PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER SISWA 300 - 303

PARALLEL 4 D

MATRIX Committee Kasno Pamungkas WORD FORMATION AND PRODUCT NAMING STRATEGY: A STUDY OF

MORPHOLOGY 81 - 85

Tubiyono PENG-IKON-AN WANITA KARIR DALAM MEDIA CETAK 413 - 416

Afritta Dwi Martyawati SIKAP BAHASA ETNIS JAWA TERHADAP BAHASA JAWA DI LUAR

HOMELANDNYA 193 - 196

Nunung Supriadi PERAN BAHASA JAWA DIALEK BANYUMAS TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN

BAHASA MANDARIN DI PURWOKERTO 341 - 344

12.30 - 13.30 LUNCH BREAK RESTO

13.30 - 15.30

PARALLEL 5 A

KRYPTON I Committee Andi Rizki Fauzi PROMOTING OUTCOME BASED LEARNING (OBL) IN A LINGUISTICS COURSE 30 - 34

Baharuddin NATURALNESS IN TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH NOVEL INTO INDONESIAN 44 - 48

Farikah THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TALKING STICK TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING WRITING

OF HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXTS 63 - 66

Nani Sunarni PEMAKNAAN LEKSIKON GERAKAN TARI TRADISI SEBAGAI IDENTITAS

MASYARAKAT SUNDA ( LC) 323 - 327

Euis Kurniasih KATA SAPAAN DALAM SAWALA LUHUNG MASYARAKAT ADAT KARUHUN

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International Seminar “Language Maintenance and Shift” V September 2-3, 2015 Annisa Herdini STRUKTUR SILABEL BAHASA INDONESIA: KAJIAN TEORI OPTIMALITAS 224 - 228

Desie Natalia

SUNDANESE VOCABULARIES IN KAMUS URBAN INDONESIA: AN EFFORT TOWARD POSITIVE LANGUAGE ATTITUDE THROUGH LEXICOGRAPHIC TRANSLATION

253 - 256

Wati Kurniawati AKOMODASI TUTURAN MASYARAKAT SAMBAU DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN 421 - 425 Suharno TRANSLATION AND CROSS CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING (CCU) 156 - 160

Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman

PERAN INTEGRASI LEKSIKAL BAHASA MELAYU MALAYSIA KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA PADA MASYARAKAT DESA TANJUNG ARU KECAMATAN SEBATIK TIMUR

DEVELOPMENT OF MORAL VALUES AND CONSTRUCTIVISM THROUGH THE BILINGUAL LEARNING MODEL WITH A BCCT APPROACH (BEYOND CENTER AND CIRCLE TIME) IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN SEMARANG1

151 - 155

Sri Rejeki Urip PRAGMATICS IN THE FRENCH CLASSROOM AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE 147 - 150

Djatmika KUALITAS KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA JAWA PENUTUR BELIA DI

SURAKARTA: SEBUAH FENOMENA PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA 257 - 261 Muhammad Iqbal Suhartomo,

Riza Taufiq Rizki

BENTUK PERCAKAPAN WACANA HUMOR PADA ACARA PSBUKERS ANTV :

SEBUAH KAJIAN PRAGMATIK 318 - 322

Tatan Tawami, Retno Purwani Sari

SUNDANESE IDENTITY REPRESENTED BY THE TALENTS OF INI TALKSHOW A

STUDY OF PRAGMATICS 166 - 169

PARALLEL 5 D

MATRIX Committee Kahar Dwi Prihantono PEMERTAHANAN DAN REVITALISASI BAHASA DAERAH DALAM

PENERJEMAHAN TEATRIKAL 304 - 307

Titin Lestari KONSEP PENGETAHUAN DALAM PUPUJIAN SUNDA KANGJENG NABI: KAJIAN

ANTROPOLINGUISTIK DI DESA GIRI ASIH KAB. BANDUNG BARAT 404 - 408 Mytha Candria THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS' USE OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE 100 - 104 Rukni Setyawati REALIZING THE GREAT NATION THROUGH CULTURAL LITERACY 139 - 142 Sumarlam, Djatmika, Sri

Pamungkas

GANGGUAN EKSPRESI BERBAHASA PADA PENDERITA DEMENSIA DI KOTA

SURAKARTA 392 - 395

15.30 - 16.00 CLOSING KRYPTON

Head of Balai Bahasa Provinsi

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129 NEWSPAPER IDEOLOGY: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON

2002 BALI BOMBING AND PAPUA CONFLICT REPORTED BY

SYDNEY MORNING HERALD

Ribut Surjowati

Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya Surjowati88@gmail.com

Abstract

SMH is written with social, cultural and ideological context of Australian societies so what is written in the

newspaper is the reflections of Australia’s views towards certain issues it is reported, therefore, as one of the influential Australian printed mass media, SMH is assumed to view the issues in Indonesia such as Papua Conflict and 2002 Bali Bombings from its particular point of view. This research paper, hence, is aimed at describing, interpreting and explaining the ideology represented in the lexical choices, used in

SMH. To uncover those ideologies, Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Halliday’s

Systemic functional Grammar (SFG) were used. There are two allotments of social actors described in this research, the Out groups who are those of having different point of view from the SMH in examining the issues and the In groups who have the same point of view as the media at looking at the issues. The research findings show that mostly the Out groups were evaluated negatively. This evaluation is as the reflection of

Australia’s different ideologies from Indonesia, its interest towards Indonesia particularly Papua, Australia’s anxiety towards JI movement and it’s sensitivity that JI is considered as a threat for Australia and its assets.

Key Words: Ideology, SMH, CDA, SFG, Papua Conflict, Bali bombings, Out groups, In groups.

INTRODUCTION

In recent times, language is no longer seen as merely reflecting reality, but as central to creating realities. One’s words are never neutral, they carry the power that reflects the interests of those who speak or write (Fiske, 1994). Opinion leaders, government, newspaper editors or journalists play an important role in shaping issues in the society and setting the boundaries of what is talked about and how it is talked about. As a result, bias and objectivity in the new reports are among the factors that research on news and ideology look at.

Connecting Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) is crucial in the critical study of situated language events like the language used in the newspaper (Young and Harrison, 2004: 3). CDA is considered as an approach towards the examination of social problems manifested discursively, while SFG is a functionally based theory which examined the functions that language evolved in society. It involves the examination of real language events to understand the purposes language serves in a variety of context, to understand the language itself functions. SFG examines how meanings are made into different contexts. Therefore, it is necessary to connect CDA and SFG, as Martin says that one of the strengths of SFG for CDA is to ground concerns with power and ideology in detailed analysis of text in real contexts of language use, thereby making it possible for the analysis to be explicit, transparent and precise (Martin, 2000 in Young and Harrison, 2004: 4).

The purposes of this paper is to find out the ideologies represented by the SMH in reporting news about 2002 Bali Bombing and Papua conflict. Hodge (1993: 209) confirms that language itself functions as powerful ideological device. Language is crucial in the way the society is organized. Language determines the limit of the world and constructs our reality (Conboy, 2005) and it should be aware that language can never be neutral or value-free; rather it is shaped by a mosaic of cultural assumptions, political beliefs and institutional practices, in other words, ideologies (Simpson, 1993: 176). The quotations above strengthen the idea that the lexical choices represent the ideologies and this made the writer comes to the point to describe and explain the ideologies represented in the news about Papua Conflict and 2002 Bali Bombing reported by SMH.

IDEOLOGY

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of world affairs represented in the new reported in newspaper. It is because text or any other forms of discourse are the realization of ideological practice. It is therefore necessary to understand what the term Ideology means and how these ideologies are represented in the news report about 2002 Bali Bombing and Papua Conflict.

Through these discourses, these ideologies function to control the behaviour and the social practice of the individual or the members of groups. Ideologies themselves are associated with power structures and it is impossible to separate the two (Harrisson and Boyd, 2003: 136). By ideology, which Stuart Hall (1996: 26) means the mental framework – the language, the concepts, categories, imagery of thought, and the systems of representations, which different classes and social groups organize in order to make sense of, figure and render intelligible the way society works. Furthermore, Van Dijk (2001: 14) adds that "ideologies" are viewed as "interpretation frameworks" which "organize sets of attitudes" about other elements of modern society. Modern theories of ideologies draw from the early and classical theories says that Firstly, ideologies is not necessarily negative (there are racist as well as antiracist ideologies, communists and anticommunist ones). Secondly, ideologies are not limited to groups that are related by dominance, power or struggle. There are also profesional ideologies such as journalists and professors, doctors, teachers, institutional ideologies; e.g.: that in political partyand ideologies of many other groups in society. Thirdly, ideologies need not be detailed, complex systems, such as those of nationalism, socialism, conservatism, facism, anarcsim, liberalism, communism or feminism. They may very well be limited to a few basic principles (Van Dijk, 2012). Fourthly, Octar (2001: 314) and Van Dijk, 1995a and 1995b) defines ideologies as “presentations of who we are, what we stand for, what our values are and what our relationships with others are”. In other words ideologies disclose our identity, activities, Goals, Norms and values, social position and resources. Ideologies show polarizing structure between Us/In and Them/Out. These ideologies are the same as the representation a group has of itself in the social structure. Finally, Van Dijk says that ideologies disclose our identities, as he says that ideological work of media language includes particular ways of representing the world, particular construction of social identities and particular constructions of social relations. The definitions formulated by Fairclough, Van Dijk’s, and Octar’s are used in this research paper.

APPRAISAL

Appraisal system is the theory proposed by Martin and White (2001) which support Halliday’s SFG. This system tries to reveal the attitude of the language producers to communicate the ideologies. There are three dimensions to an appraisal analysis: Attitude, Graduation and Engagement (Martin & white (2005: 8).

The attitude is the sub-system of Appraisal Theory that, on the whole, covers feelings. The feelings meant here are the feelings that are either explicitly stated or implicitly stated. The implicit feelings – technically called inscribed attitude – are the feelings that are clear enough to be seen without employing interpretation. On the other hand, the implicit feelings – the invoked attitude – are the feelings that are results of the interpretation of what are actually said.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

The findings of the research show that SMH views the Out groups described in Papua conflict and Bali bombing reports negatively. They were described as being unethical and immoral. The background for these negative descriptions was viewed from the socio-cultural context, as well as the ideological context in which the news was reported. Since the newspaper is published in Australia, read mostly by Australians and owned by Australians, it is the social practice of the Australians that is analyzed.

Sosial Practice

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The newspaper SMH is a daily compact newspaper published in Australia, for the middle-upper class Australian society and belongs to Australian civilians. Consequently, this newspaper is written with the social, cultural as well as ideological context of Australian society. Since contexts have great effects on the process of news production, clearly, the news reflects the way how the Australians view the issues (Papua Conflict and Bali bombing). Hence, from political point of view, firstly, Australia is under the control of Liberal party between 1996-2007 when Bali was attacked by Jemaah Islamiah and under this dominance, Australia made some alliances with other western countries such as USA and England. These close relationship are established with the same interest and ideology, therefore, they have similar attitudes, goals, and activities which are represented in the discourse they produce. As Van Dijk says that there are some relations between underlying ideologies in social cognition, mental models in personal cognition and actual comprehension of production of text or talk under the influence of mental models of the situation (Dijk, Nd:140).

Australia and Indonesia remains the “Odd couple” of Southeast Asia, as Linsay says (2012:1). Although Indonesia is Australia’ largest and most important neighbor, the relationship between the two profoundly different societies has been punctuated by bouts of high tension, suspicion and mutual mistrust (Burchill and Damien, 2001:67). Different ideology influences the way how Australia views Papua conflict. Indonesia is regarded as showing its hostility towards the West of which Australia was seen as an outpost, together with assertions of ‘nationalist’ unity. Indonesia, as Robinson (198θ, 199θ) in Burchill and Kingsbury (2001) says, is the Orient which the civilization is strange and exotic, meanwhile, the Occident (Australia) views its civilization is always known, accepted and normal. Indonesia is viewed as a state more arbitrary constructed than most. At its base is an ideological paradox; it inherited its shape and form a colonial system widely considered illegitimate by Indonesian nationalists. Its potential for fragmentation is openly conceded by the use of armed forces deployed to suppress internal political dissent and contain centrifugal forces rather than external defense.

SMH which is the representation of the Australian government views the Out groups which consists of the Indonesian elites and its military as the actors responsible for the chaos. They are regarded as being immoral, unethical, and unreliable. Australia gives this negative evaluation because of some differences in the political ideologies and interests. Australia is one of the world’s great democracies, founded on liberal ideals of human dignity, freedom and equality (Crosby, 2014: 7). Liberals believe in freedom of choice and a fair go for all. Freedom can only be meaningful if individuals have the opportunity to participate, to achieve and to develop their talents and everyone must respect to one another as the implication of tolerance to others. Therefore, the suppression to Papuans triggers Australia to resonance its attitude to help the indigenous Papuans because firstly, it is its responsibility to help the people who were in unfortunate situation, for example in seeking for asylum, secondly, Australia’s negative evaluation to Indonesia and its support to interference the conflict is the form of its hidden political interests. This country has a good relationship with USA which is having negative design towards Indonesia, especially Papua which has rich natural resources and Australia is a willing partner for USA. By exposing the brutality of Indonesia towards Papua, the world society recognizes that majority the Papuans want to separate from Indonesia. In that way, Australia

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Australia. Australia believes that JI movement poses a threat to its citizens and Australian assets overseas.

Discourse Practice

Discourse practices of journalism here refers to the processes of text production, distribution, and consumsion, in other words discursive practices of journalism are the process through which journalists produce texts, and readers use and understand them (Richardson, 2007: 78). Hence, discourses are always socially situated: discourse occurs in social settings (production and consumption) and the construction of discourse relates systematically and predictably in these contextual circumstances (Fowler, 1991: 36).

Julianne Shultz (1994: 44) declares that Australian journalists have a strong commitment to the idea of the media as the Fourth Estate, the independence watchdog of power. She also states that Australian journalists have a strong commitment to professional values of journalism in terms of impartiality, objectivity and political neutrality. Objectivity, fairness and neutrality are of great concern and are described as ‘core values’ to journalists.

Looking at the socio- historical context, Sydney Morning Herald is a daily compact newspaper published by Fairfax media in Sydney. This newspaper was founded in 1831 as the Sydney Herald. It is the oldest newspaper in the Southern Hemisphere. A newspaper of a responsible and conservative type, it has maintained over the whole of this period of one hundred and ten years remarkable consistent record of successful progress and of high influence throughout (Fairfax, 1941:ii). The paper’s editorial stance is conservative. The Herald subsequently endorsed the conservative Coalition at the 2007 NSW State election and had been endorsed liberal party since Sir Warwick Fairfax’s management. It can mean that this newspaper is as the mouthpiece of the Australian government’s policies at that time and as the representation of the Australian Government political policies and be critical towards Indonesia as not having harmonic relations with Australia Liberal party at that time.

CONCLUSION

From the discourse practice point of view, Fairfax media historically erdorses liberal party therefore it is the mouthpiece of Australian goverment. While from social practice point of view, the way Australia views the 2002 Bali bombing tragedy as a form of Australia’s anxiety about JI movement which endangers its people and assets, JI is a threat for Australians, Australian government, its assets overseas. Papua conflict is viewed differently by Australian Government because of different political ideologies, it is also the reflection of its interest towards Indonesia as this country has close relationship with America which has bad design for Indonesia and Australia is its willing partners.

The Ideologies of SMH are 1) Marginalizing others: others are not important, 2) Emphasing negative qualities of others: others are inhuman, 3) Expurgating others: others are bad, 4) Exposing Us’ superiority: Us are superior.

REFERENCES

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Burchill, S and Kingsbury, D. 2001-12. Australia and Indonesia: beyond stability Towards Order. Canberra buletion of public administration. Vol. 102. Pp: 67-73.

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Fairclough, N. 1989. Language and Power: Discourse and Power. London: Longman.

Fowler, R. 1991. Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in Press. London & New York: Routledge.

Fairfax, J.F. 1946. The Story of John Fairfax: Commemorating the Centenary of the Fairfax Propriety of the Sydney Morning Herald 1841-1941. Sydney: John Fairfax & Son PTY.LTD.

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Proceedings S 5 2015 Edisi Revisi. Ribut Surjowati

ISSN: 2088-6799

LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AND SHIFT V

Master Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University

in Collaboration with

Balai Bahasa Provinsi Jawa Tengah

September 2 3, 2015

Balai Bahasa Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Jalan Imam Bardjo, S.H. No.5 Semarang

Telp/Fax +62-24-8448717

Email: seminarlinguistics@gmail.com

Website: www.mli.undip.ac.id/lamas

International Seminar

Language Maintenance and Shift V

“The Role of Indigenous Languages in Constructing Identity”

September 2 3, 2015

21 x 29,7 cm

xviii+433 hlm.

ISSN: 2088-6799

Compiled by:

Herudjati Purwoko (Indonesia)

Agus Subiyanto (Indonesia)

Wuri Sayekti (Indonesia)

Tohom Marthin Donius Pasaribu (Indonesia)

Yudha Thianto (United States of America)

NOTE

NOTE FOR REVISED EDITION

SCHEDULE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AND SHIFT V

The Role of Indigenous Languages in Constructing Identity

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2015

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

129

NEWSPAPER IDEOLOGY: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON

2002 BALI BOMBING AND PAPUA CONFLICT REPORTED BY

SYDNEY MORNING HERALD

INTRODUCTION

IDEOLOGY

130

APPRAISAL

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

131

132

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

133

Master Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University

in Collaboration with

Balai Bahasa Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Jalan Imam Bardjo, S.H. No.5 Semarang

Telp/Fax +62-24-8448717