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Total 31603 chars, 4666 words, 249 unique sentence(s).
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Domains (original links)
Unique
Fishing patterns using gae require several di erent positions with di erent skills
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Sawi or crew members are usually recruited by ties of kinship
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Intermediate positions held by bass,artisan circumference, electricians and pakacca
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Division of the catch is usually middle piece system (punggawa 50%: sawi 50%)
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Keywords: Institutional, Fishermen districts Poasia,Patron-client
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Introduction Indonesia is an archipelago which has abundant maritime resources
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Noted, there are 42 cities and 181 counties located in the coastal area
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Only a few sherman who have a relatively good economic condition
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They are the shipowners, nanciers, or moneylenders
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Revenues earned its shermen daily and the amount cannot be determined
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This has led to the phenomenon of social dependence
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Relationship established between the parties has its own advantages and limitations of resources
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South Sulawesi Bugis particularly familiar with this institutional system as retainer-mustard
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Therefore, the institutional system punggawa- sawi also contributed in building the social system sherman
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The phenomenon thus causing labor sherman position (client) has been degraded dependence
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Collecting Data The data in this study are primary data and secondary data
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institutional patron-client concerning norms, values, laws, regulations, knowledge, ideas, mutual trust, and moral
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meaning patron-client for each group
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patterns of production relations
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indicators of the transformation of the patron-client identi er
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Data analysis started with data reduction
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Once the data is reduced, then the next step is to present the data
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While the conclusion made in the form of narrative text
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Previously, shermen sell a boat as buying additional gaecapital
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How Fishermen Production Gae is actually a type of trawl incorporating ballast ring
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The bottom trawl at gae amounted to 200 units
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The top of the buoy-gae there are small buoy made of plastic or rubber
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Length of trawl between 150-250 meters with a width of 30-50 meters
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The ship is known as a mini ship with engine power pursein 10-30
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Fishermen use the designation gae for easier means the arrest
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Meanwhile, the crew of the shing eet called Pagae
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Currently, some companies replace petromak with engine generator
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While waiting position of the moon, each crew carry out their respective activities
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At the right moment, gillnets set for every pice
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Then spread a circle using a rod body being driven by a mustard
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In addition, several pagae other in charge of spreading the trawl
-Unique
Fish were collected subsequently collected and put in a trap trawl
-11 results
It takes approximately 2.5 hours
sanblassailing.com
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manualslib.com
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homedepot.com
antelopecanyon.az
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While mustard also Fish earned bonus o ers to pappalele large or pappalele small
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Papalele is the designation for traders
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They usually take a small amount for each eet
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However, the number of sh taken is not too much
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Achievement makes cruising much time at sea for shermen to be longer
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In fact, some eets(pagae)perform system bases on a certain area
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other As a result, the nature of labor into semi- free workers
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The relationships developed among shermen Kampung Bugis
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All the shermen Bugis ever having the debt
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Even among them still have a debt burden on Ponggawa
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The pattern of recruitment sawi becomes more selective, not solely rely on physical strength
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Di erent tasks require workers do also have the skill and perseverance
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Social Structure Fishermen sociological changes occur when the use of a motor boat gae
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These positions are usually lled by children Ponggawa are speci cally taught
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If using a generator,required mustard duty to operate the machine
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group Pagae also require a feasibility observe catches
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The position in the local language is called pakacca
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Table 2: The new position in Work Pattern Fleet Gae No
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This is because the position is vertical, hierarchical and hierarchical
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Position mustard with specialized skills will have a share more than mustard
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Thus, the bass usually get results pretty much division
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Number of Respondents Sawi at Various Facilities Modernization Working Position No
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While artisan lume require relatively small quantities
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Fleet engine that uses gardang recruiting more selective mustard
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Sawi Other keep working on non eet
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gardang In addition, Ponggawa also not possible to accommodate the workers too much
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But before that I just pull trawl artisan
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After a long time I was given to believe (entrusted: Author)
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Maybe he (Ponggawa) I can see a circular"
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The measure put Ponggawa remain on the top layer
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Bas, electricians and carpenters circumference pakacca occupy intermediate layer
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Basic size Owners, working position, revenue
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The measure is seen from the house models, furniture and clothes
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The pattern of production relations has a positive side and the exploitation by the Ponggawa
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Fishing patterns using gae require several di erent positions with di erent skills
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Sawi or crew members are usually recruited by ties of kinship or kinship
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Fishermen also claimed that,use of gae as a shing gear can improve their economy
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Division of the catch is usually mengambil system central piece(Ponggawa 50%: sawi 50%)
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Water Institution to Enhance Economic Development
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Majalah Agricultural + Rural Developmet, No
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Analisa Model Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Laut
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The Practice of Social Research
app.cat
di erencebetween.net
work.chron.com
en.wikipedia.org
withmyba.com
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Research Design (Qualitative and Quantitative Approach)
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Dendi A, HJ Heile dan A Surahman
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Mengurangi kemiskinan Melalui Pengembangan Ekonomi Kelautan Berkelanjutan Berbasis Kerakyatan
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Makalah disampaikan dalam Dialog Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal Kab
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1991 Rengge: Studi Tentang Teknologi dan Dampak Sosialnya dalam Kehidupan Nelayan
kehidupan-nelayan.blogspot.com
wisatadanbudaya.blogspot.com
kehidupan-nelayan.blogspot.com
hendrasiry.wordpress.com
sahabatnadzri.blogspot.com
scribd.com
uho.ac.id
sahabatnadzri.blogspot.com
scribd.com
academia.edu
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Teknologi dan Perubahan Sosial di Kawasan Pantai
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Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, Teori dan Praktik
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Respons Komunitas Nelayan Terhadap Modernisasi Perikanan
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Perubahan Struktur Sosial Nelayan Akibat Modernisasi Perikanan
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Vol 19/3/2009 ~ 31 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 14
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Hamzah, A., Nurmala KP., Nuraini WP.,2008
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Dari Miyang Ke Longlenan: Pengaruh Jaringan Sosial Pada Transformasi Masyarakat Nelayan
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Jurnal Komunitas, 4 (2) (2012) 17
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Nelayan, Strategi Adaptasi dan Jaringan Sosial
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Keberdayaan Nelayan dan Dinamika Ekonomi Pesisir
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Reposisi Ocean Policy dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia di Era Otonomi Daerah
worldcat.org
it-book.org
digilib.usu.ac.id
dokumen.tips
indomarine.webs.com
article.sapub.org
ebooksdownloads.xyz
scribd.com
ejournal.stmt-trisakti.ac.id
academia.edu
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Orasi Ilmiah Guru Besar Tetap Ilmu Kebijakan Ekonomi Perikanan dan Kelautan
-4 results
Strategi Pembangunan Desa Pesisir Mandiri
kuliahtantan.blogspot.com
kuliahtantan.blogspot.com
etd.repository.ugm.ac.id
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Makalah disampaikan pada Semiloka Menuju Desa 2030 , 9- 10 Mei 2007
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Makalah disampaikan pada Seminar kebudayaan nasional, Bukittinggi, 20-23 oktober 2003 22
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Jurnal S-1 Sosiologi Volume 3 Nomor 2 23
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Mapping Indonesian Bajau Communities in Sulawesi
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SIL- International.com (19 juli 2007) 24
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Mirajiani, Ekawati SW, Arif S, Saharuddin, Tridoyo, 2014
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Transformasi Pranata Patronase Masyarakat Nelayan: Dari Ekonomi Moralitas Menuju Ekonomi Pasar
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Jurnal Komunitas 6 (1) (2014) 25
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Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approach
hometaskguru.com
scribd.com
yfehovyx. les.wordpress.com
123helpme.com
scribd.com
uir.unisa.ac.za
uoguelph.ca
digitalcommons.unl.edu
prezi.com
amazon.co.uk
3185237.r.bat.bing.com
54109423.r.bat.bing.com
1569006.r.bat.bing.com
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Kapital Sosial Komunitas Suku Bajo
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Studi Kasus Komunitas Suku Bajo di Pulau Baliara Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
academia.edu
journal.unnes.ac.id
ojs.unmas.ac.id
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Paonganan, Y, Zulkipli, K Agustina, 2012
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9 Perspektif Menuju Masa Depan Maritim Indonesia
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Kepustakaan Nasional Indonesia
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Jakarta: Penerbit Yayasan Padamu Negeri
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Sosiologi Ilmu Pengetahuan Berparadigma Ganda
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Dialektika Modernitas dan Artikulasi Kapitalisme pada Komunitas Konjo Pesisir di Sulawesi Selatan
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Dinamika Modernisasi Perikanan
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Formasi Sosial dan Mobilitas Nelayan
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Pergolakan dan Subsistensi di Asia Tenggara
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The Erosion of Patron-Client Bonds and Social Change in Rural Southeast Asia
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Kemiskinan dan Perlawanan Kaum Nelayan
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Jurnal Psikologi Kepribadian dan Sosial Vol
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tyas2.wordpress.com
thebookee.net
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jm.linkedin.com
prezi.com
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Suhartini A Halim, I Hambali dan A Basyid (Eds)
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Model - Model Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
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Transformasi Industrial Pada Komunitas Nelayan : Studi Kasus di Desa Sei Apung Jaya
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Dinamika Struktur Sosial Dalam Ekosistem Pesisir
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Perubahan Sosial dan Pembangunan di Indonesia
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Orang Bajo di Tengah Perubahan
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Alternatif Konsep Kelembagaan untuk Penajaman Operasionalisasi dalam Penelitian Sosiologi
oceannaz.wordpress.com
rianisyahriani01.blogspot.com
researchgate.net
websyahyuti.blogspot.com
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researchgate.net
oceannaz.wordpress.com
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Wahyono A, IGP Antaraiksa, M Imran,
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Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Nelayan
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Etika Protestan dan Spirit Kapitalisme (cet.1)
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Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia Azhar Bafadal Department of Agribusiness Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo
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Azhar Bafadal Abstract This study aims to describe the dynamics of transformation of patron-client on
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Fishing activities carried out by shermen in the district of Kampung Bugis Poasia institutional
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This research was conducted using the method of interview(interview), observation, documentation, Focus Group
Discussion
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Selection of informants was purposively, that person or o ender who knows institutional activities that
-Unique
The results showed that the dynamics of transformation of patron-client on shing communities have
-Unique
Artifacts various positions in arresting belt, namely lapisan on the highest incomes are usually
-Unique
While the lower position with lower incomes reaktif and physical working by tare artisan,artisan bage
-Unique
It is estimated that the maritime area of Indonesia reached 5.8 million km
-Unique
In fact, about 90% of sh resources are used as material consumption, comes from
-Unique
This opens up the potential of marine resources as a beacon of hope for
-Unique
As a maritime nation, the government is tting to give attention to the public,
-Unique
In terms of economic conditions, shing is one of the segments of society that
-Unique
It can be observed directly by the size of shelter, clothing, nutrition, lifestyle, and
-Unique
that, by comparing the coastal village communities with other communities, shing is the poorest layers,
-Unique
on the other hand raises outlook for the scientists and engineers that shing communities are
-Unique
It encourages the emergence of thinking about the various restructuring programs among shing communities,
-Unique
As a system, the shing community consists of categories that form the social -category
-3 results
They also have a system of values and symbols of culture as a reference
ejournal.unsrat.ac.id
iosrjournals.org
core.ac.uk
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Like any other society, the shing communities also have a structure and patterns of
-Unique
of Multidisciplinary Research and Development capital owners and shermen or called a pattern patron and
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Indeed, the pattern of the relationship between patron and client is not too exploitative,
-Unique
However, shermen desire to get out of the system that has been established is
-Unique
The process of working relationship is formed mentality of the shermen who are economically
-Unique
As a result, the feeling of indebted among shermen has become a vicious cycle
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Picture of the social structure of shing shows that the system established working relationships
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Institutional system or a relationship like this in some coastal areas in Indonesia has
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An initial survey provides information that, the sustainability of shing activity in this area
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Labor life of shermen in shing activities largely depends on the relationship with the
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Based on this it is necessary to study the dynamics of transformation of patron-client
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It is very important to describe how the pattern of patron-client on shing communities
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the marketing of the catch, as well as being a reference in conducting similar research
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Methods Location and time research Study was conducted in April to June 2016, housed
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Locations were selected purposively with consideration that there are institutions that stand out, namely
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Secondary data is data obtained through the results of a literature review, documents, historical
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The research was conducted using the method of interview(interview), observation, documentation, Focus Group
Discussion
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Determination of informants done purposively,that person or o ender who knows institutional patron-client activity
that occurred
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Data Analysis Techniques After the interviews, observation, focus group discussions and review of the
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patron-client, institutional involvement of shermen in the pattern of relations of production (patron-client)
contained in
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Presentation of primary data can be done in the form of tables, graphs, and
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Results and Discussion Use Period Purse Seine (Gae) Gae is a local term for
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Purse seines were rst introduced on the north coast of Java by LEDA in
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Technology gae entered in Southeast Sulawesi, especially in Kampung Bugis District of Poasia for
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The informant rst use second-hand vessels as well as the gae of a retainer
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The ring ropes wrinkle functioning together form a pocket or cup in collecting sh
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With such a wide, trawls can be operated in waters with a depth of
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of 3 - 3.5 meters and can load of sh from 1.5 to 2,
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There is room at the top of the vessel that serves as a place
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Shaped room at roof made of planks and used by the mustard to socialize
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shermen must invest an amount of approximately USD 90 million to USD 95 million
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While the price of new vessels capable of reaching Rp 120 million to Rp
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Pagae with the base system going back to the village in the early light,
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If the condition of low tide(metti), pagae walk to the boat each led
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Usually on the rst day at sea, shermen perform the ritual of departure balaa
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When it comes to the destination, the crewpagae getting ready to start work
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To lure the sh's attention is turned on the lamp pumped in relatively large
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had climbed into the boat and wait for the sh collected during of 1
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A mustard duty to observe the state of the quality of sh and sh
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deck or collected separately in boat brick bodying Fishermen will continue shing if that time
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It is intended that at sunrise the activity has been completed, as well pagae
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Some mustard a special duty to sorting or selecting sh according to the type
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There are di erent types of sh caught by the sherman, among others sword sh(turinga/tuna),groupers
(coraltrout'),white
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According to another informant, the shermen were able to obtain various types of sh
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dark Once in the dock (Piers Ocean Kendari), the transaction will be carried out
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On some boats there are children and teenagers who tried to take and steal
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The shing communities in the District Poasia believe that the matila actually a carrier
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Based on the interview ,pagae choose working with ship means (mini pursein) and purse
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of the group that many great, does not require great physical exertion, and does
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GT and purse seine shing gear(gae) Power Cruising (> 10 miles) number of Workers(Mustard) 20-25
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general, groups of shermen using the capture system overnight in the region of Teluk Kendari
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In addition, the work of mustard becomes lighter than using a manual system (using
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more sh, and in accordance with the zoning established by the Department of Fisheries and
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In contrast to the previous period, where shermen take into account the risk of
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increase in cruising to choose the shing area which is considered to have more sh
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The use of technology should load ships purse seine shing gear can not be
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Trawler loaded on a ship with a capacity of at least 10-30 with group
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The accounts payable induce a feeling "uncomfortable" for mustard to move on group pagae
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For example the task to run the machine and observe the condition of the
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Therefore, the division of labor becomes more obvious for the duties and responsibilities and authority
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As described earlier, the eet gae require sawi 20 -25 people, and some jobs require
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By using machines and a capacity of 10-30 pro ciency level, eets need to employ
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The new ~ 29 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development position
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The position of the skipper, a direction and determine the location of the arrest
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So with the modernization, social di erentiation occurs seen from the increasing number of social
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The position requires a particular expertise for mustard because the observation is done by
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In the eet there is also a handyman position bagels served sorting sh by size
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in shing, every sherman has a role and function of each should have their individual
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Brie y social structure sherman can Kampung Bugis District of Poasia can be seen in
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2, the di erence in position (di erentiation jobs) in the employment pattern has implications for social
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other This decreases the tendency of mustard to learn so as to reach positions
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The trend occurs because the rules for the positioning results obtained are more than
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For those gae who have an engine towing trawl,artisan positions tare no longer needed
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The ranking system shows a sherman in the village of Kampung Bugis had open
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Table 3 is an overview of the number and percentage of shermen based on the
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regulation of electricity requires more labor than others, as many as 12 people or about
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Sawi is just rely on physical strength are less of a priority to work
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Some mustard recruited to work as pagae gardang because it already has the ability
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It is summed up in interviews with other informants: "My job now so builders
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Based on the dimensional strati cation at the level of groups of shermen, each type
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technology (modernization) can be seen in Table 4, which shows that the shermen with nobility
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The mention of mustard to speci c tasks commonly used in groups of arrest, while
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~ 30 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Table 4: Social
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Dimensional Shape Di erentiation skipperPonggawa, Bas, pakacca, electrician Plumbers circumference, artisan
tare,artisan bagels Strati cation
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Fishing groups a type Layer Upper (Ponggawa) Medium (Bas, artisan circumference, electrician, pakacca) Down
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Community of a type layer Top (Ponggawa) Medium (bass, artisan circum ference, electrician, pakacca) Down
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the center (operational costs) 50%(Ponggawa):50%(sawi) Based on the size of the economy or wealth, physically
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positions or employment, (3) the existence of mobility mechanism (motion to change) associating the individual
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The pattern of relationships Ponggawa-sawi as a consequence of the nature of mutual need
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supplies, as well as collateral receivables speci cally for mustard,consequence points employment contract resulted
in the
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On the other hand the relationship patterns lead to symptoms semi exploitation in respect
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The catch is not on target, for example when catches previous months can not
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Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusion The dynamics of transformation of patron-client on shing
communities on
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In addition, the bond debt (sawi/ labor) to the patron(Ponggawa/ Shipowners) makes the client
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Suggestion The pattern of patron-client carried out by shermen should not be eliminated, but
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Petani (Studi Kasus Pada Empat Komunitas Petani Kakao di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah dan Nangroe Aceh
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Transformasi Moda Produksi (Mode of Production) Masyarakat Pesisir (Studi Kasus Nelayan Bajo di Desa
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Respon Komunitas Nelayan terhadap Modernisasi Perikanan (Studi Kasus Nelayan Suku Bajo di Desa Lagasa,
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Hubungan Patron Klien Pada Masyarakat Nelayan Desa Kuala Karang Kecamatan Teluk Pakedai Kabupaten Kubu
-Top plagiarizing domains: scribd.com (7 matches); academia.edu (3 matches); researchgate.net (2 matches); sahabatnadzri.blogspot.com (2 matches); oceannaz.wordpress.com (2 matches); websyahyuti.blogspot.com (2 matches); kehidupan-nelayan.blogspot.com (2 matches); prezi.com (2 matches); kuliahtantan.blogspot.com (2 matches); manualslib.com (2 matches); 123helpme.com (1 matches); journal.unnes.ac.id (1 matches); 1569006.r.bat.bing.com (1 matches); 54109423.r.bat.bing.com (1 matches); uoguelph.ca (1 matches); uir.unisa.ac.za (1 matches); amazon.co.uk (1 matches); 3185237.r.bat.bing.com (1 matches); digitalcommons.unl.edu (1 matches); yusti23.blogspot.com (1 matches);
~ 26 ~ WWJMRD 2015; 2(8): 1-6 www.wwjmrd.com Impact Factor MJIF: 4.25 e-ISSN: 2454-6615 Awaluddin Hamzah Student Doctoral Program of Agricultural Sciences Graduate Program Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia Weka Widayati Faculty of Technology and Earth Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia Bahtiar Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia Azhar Bafadal Department of Agribusiness Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University Kendari, Indonesia Correspondence: E.Shanmuga Priya Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Anna University Regional Campus Madurai Dynamics of Institutional Patron
-Client in Kampung Bugis District of Poasia Kendari Awaluddin Hamzah, Weka Widayati, Bahtiar, Azhar Bafadal Abstract This study aims to describe the dynamics of transformation of patron-client on the seashore of the District Poasia shing communities. Fishing activities carried out by shermen in the district of Kampung Bugis Poasia institutional pattern forming with di erent social structures, especially in shing using gae. This research was conducted using the method of interview(interview), observation, documentation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and analysis of documents (document analysis). Selection of informants was purposively, that person or o ender who knows institutional activities that occur patron client in Kampung Bugis. The results showed that the dynamics of transformation of patron-client on shing communities have occurred social di erentiation. Fishing patterns using gae require several di erent positions with di erent skills. Sawi or crew members are usually recruited by ties of kinship. Artifacts various positions in arresting belt, namely lapisan on the highest incomes are usually owned by Ponggawa as well as the skipper. Intermediate positions held by bass,artisan circumference, electricians and pakacca.While the lower position with lower incomes reaktif and physical working by tare artisan,artisan bage and artisan lume. Division of the catch is
usually middle piece system (punggawa 50%: sawi 50%). In addition, the bond payable by the client (mustard/ labor) to the patron(Ponggawa/ Shipowners) makes the client working as semi-free. Keywords: Institutional, Fishermen districts Poasia,Patron-client. Introduction Indonesia is an archipelago which has abundant maritime resources. It is estimated that the maritime area of Indonesia reached 5.8 million km 2 (Sham in Suhartini etal,2006). Noted, there are 42 cities and 181 counties located in the coastal area. In fact, about 90% of sh resources are used as material consumption, comes from coastal areas, including in the area of Southeast Sulawesi province, especially in Sub Poasia. This opens up the potential of marine resources as a beacon of hope for the future of the country, especially the shing community. As a maritime nation, the government is tting to give attention to the public, especially the shing communities as part of the development of the sheries sector in Indonesia. In terms of economic conditions,
shing is one of the segments of society that are less prosperous. It can be observed directly by the size of shelter, clothing, nutrition, lifestyle, and social status memberikan much more vivid picture of poverty shermen. Only a few sherman who have a relatively good economic condition. They are the shipowners, nanciers, or moneylenders. Phenomenon has also been put forward by Mubyarto et al Hamzah (2008) which states that, by comparing the coastal village communities with other communities, shing is the poorest layers, compared with communities o the coast. Revenues earned its shermen daily and the amount cannot be determined. The shing communities that have been understood itself as it is, full of humility, on the other hand raises outlook for the scientists and engineers that shing communities are con ned in the system cultural values that tend to be exploited and marginalized. It encourages the emergence of thinking about the various restructuring programs among shing communities, through forms
of technology development and management or the so- called process of transformation (modernization). As a system, the shing community consists of categories that form the social -category social unity. They also have a system of values and symbols of culture as a reference of their everyday behavior. Like any other society, the shing communities also have a structure and patterns of social relationships. One of the social problems faced by the shermen of the pattern of cooperation between World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development ~ 27 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development capital owners and shermen or called a pattern patron and client relationships. This has led to the phenomenon of social dependence. Indeed, the pattern of the relationship between patron and client is not too exploitative, because the value of cooperation is still preserved. However, shermen desire to get out of the system that has been established is not easily realized. The process of
working relationship is formed mentality of the shermen who are economically dependent on an employer. As a result, the feeling of indebted among shermen has become a vicious cycle that is not easily resolved. Picture of the social structure of shing shows that the system established working relationships are mutualistic. Relationship established between the parties has its own advantages and limitations of resources. Institutional system or a relationship like this in some coastal areas in Indonesia has its own characteristics. South Sulawesi Bugis particularly familiar with this institutional system as retainer-mustard. The shing communities in this area are also a large part of the
Bugis. Therefore, the institutional system punggawa- sawi also contributed in building the social system sherman. An initial survey provides information that, the sustainability of shing activity in this area is very dependent and colored by patronage system. Labor life of shermen in shing activities largely depends on the relationship with the skipper (shipowner). The phenomenon thus causing labor sherman position (client) has been degraded dependence. Based on this it is necessary to study the dynamics of transformation of patron-client on shing communities in the District Poasia. It is very important to describe how the pattern of patron-client on shing communities in the region. Objective This study aimed to describe the dynamics of transformation of patron-client on shing communities Subdistrict Poasia. Bene ts research This can generate concept dynamics of transformation of patron-client for shermen and the government in establishing strict regulations related to shing enterprises revitalization formal institution which regulates the marketing of the catch, as well as being a reference in conducting similar research in institutional patron-client sherman or the dynamics of shing communities. Methods Location and time research Study was conducted in April to June 2016, housed in Kampung Bugis, District Poasia, Kendari of Southeast Sulawesi
Province. Locations were selected purposively with consideration that there are institutions that stand out, namely the system of relations Ponggawa-Sawi (patron- client) shermen catch. Collecting Data The data in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data includes; institutional patron-client concerning norms, values, laws, regulations, knowledge, ideas, mutual trust, and moral; meaning patron-client for each group; patterns of production relations; indicators of the transformation of the patron-client identi er. Secondary data is data obtained through the results of a literature review, documents, historical development of patron-client. The research was conducted using the method of interview(interview), observation, documentation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and analysis of documents (document analysis).Determination of informants done purposively,that person or o ender who knows institutional patron-client activity that occurred in Kampung Bugis District of Poasia Kendari. Data Analysis Techniques After the interviews, observation, focus group discussions and review of the literature, then the data will be described qualitatively. Data analysis started with data reduction. data that is closely related to patronage activities of shermen, as well as the transformation that has taken place will be summarized as an overview of activities on institutional patron-client, institutional involvement of shermen in the pattern of relations of production (patron-client) contained in shing communities, and the dynamics of transformation patron clients on shing communities. Once the data is reduced, then the next step is to present the data. Presentation of primary data can be done in the form of tables, graphs, and others. While the conclusion made in the form of narrative text. Results and Discussion Use Period Purse Seine (Gae) Gae is a local term for a means of catching package consisting of pursein ships, as well as purse seine. Purse seines were rst introduced on the north coast of Java by LEDA in 1970 (Subani in Irham, 2006). Technology gae entered in Southeast Sulawesi, especially in Kampung Bugis District of Poasia for the years 1976-1978. The informant rst use second-hand vessels as well as the gae of a retainer for Rp 6,000,000. Previously, shermen sell a boat as buying additional gaecapital. How Fishermen Production Gae is actually a type of trawl incorporating ballast ring. The bottom trawl at gae amounted to 200 units. The ring ropes wrinkle functioning together form a pocket or cup in collecting sh (Irham, 2006). The top of the buoy-gae there are small buoy made of plastic or rubber. Length of trawl between 150-250 meters with a width of 30-50 meters. With such a wide, trawls can be operated in waters with a depth of 25-30 meters. The ship is known as a mini ship with engine power pursein 10-30. Fishermen use the designation gae for easier means the arrest. Meanwhile, the crew of the shing eet called Pagae. The length of the shing vessels used is between 15-20 meters with a width of 3 - 3.5 meters and can load of sh from 1.5 to 2, 5 ton. There is room at the top of the vessel that serves as a place to store equipment, supplies and wheelhouse. Shaped room at roof made of planks and used by the mustard to socialize or just playing dominoes as entertainment before activity begins trawl circular. shermen must invest an amount of approximately USD 90 million
to USD 95 million for the procurement of used ships and their net. While the price of new vessels capable of reaching Rp 120 million to Rp 150 million. Pagae with the base system going back to the village in the early light, evening for example to 12 - 15. If the condition of low tide(metti), pagae walk to the boat each led a Ponggawa.Whereas, if ~ 28 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development the condition of the tide, the shermen will use the ship jonson 10 pk(bodytrunk /padomba)that serves to put his trawler along the light. Usually on the rst day at sea, shermen perform the ritual of departure balaa at night every month. When it comes to the destination, the
crew /pagae getting ready to start work pending position of the moon overhanging side on to the sea state was pitch black. To lure the sh's attention is turned on the lamp pumped in relatively large amounts. Currently, some companies replace petromak with engine generator. While waiting position of the moon, each crew carry out their respective activities. At the right moment, gillnets set for every pice. Then spread a circle using a rod body being driven by a mustard.In addition, several pagae other in charge of spreading the trawl. After each end of the trawl meet at one point, the mustard lowers trawler had climbed into the boat and wait for the sh collected during of 1 - 1.5 hours. The mustard back to perform other activities while waiting trawler withdrawn. A mustard duty to observe the state of the quality of sh and sh stocks are called pakacca.Fish were collected subsequently collected and put in a trap trawl. It takes approximately 2.5 hours. Then the sh included in the storage section located at the bottom of the deck or collected separately in boat brick bodying Fishermen will continue shing if that time is not until the early hours. It is intended that at sunrise the activity has been completed, as well pagae will not be late for morning prayers. Some mustard a special duty to sorting or selecting sh according to the type and magnitude. There are di erent types of sh caught by the sherman, among others sword sh(turinga/tuna),groupers (coraltrout'),white sh(pote) houses (ruruma), pari (sarange),anchovies (lure),song(Tebah) as well as a variety of other sh species. According to another informant, the shermen were able to obtain various types of sh with up to half a ton in the season. dark Once in the dock (Piers Ocean Kendari), the transaction will be carried out between pappalele and Ponggawa. While mustard also Fish earned bonus o ers to pappalele large or pappalele small. Papalele is the designation for traders. On some boats there are children and teenagers who tried to take and steal sh(matila)belonging pagae or pappalele. They usually take a small amount for each eet. The shing communities in the District Poasia believe that the matila actually a carrier of sustenance. However, the number of sh taken is not too much. Based on the interview ,pagae choose working with ship means (mini pursein) and purse seine. This is due to the work space
is relatively less, the number of members of the group that many / great, does not require great physical exertion, and does not require frequent maintenance trawl nets dibandingkan small. Brie y way shermen production Gae (Table 1) Table 1: Production Method Fishermen on the Utilization of Fish Gae Dimensions Achievements / Form Type Boat pursein capacity of 10 -30 GT and purse seine shing gear(gae) Power Cruising (> 10 miles) number of Workers(Mustard) 20-25 people a.nature Semi-free b.recruitment pattern Selective Fishing time>12 hours per day division of labor is clear Note: In general, groups of shermen using the capture system overnight in the region of Teluk Kendari In terms of e ectiveness, the use of gae the results achieve dcreate more and varied. In addition, the work of mustard becomes lighter than using a manual system (using the ship bale-bale or ngkuru-ngkuru). The condition of the ship also made shing freely determine catchment areas that have more sh, and in accordance with the zoning established by the Department of Fisheries and Marine A airs local. In contrast to the previous period, where shermen take into account the risk of power and distance that is di cult to reach. The use of technology in the aspect of engine capacity have implications for the increase in cruising to choose the shing area which is considered to have more sh resources. Achievement makes cruising much time at sea for shermen to be longer. In fact, some eets(pagae)perform system bases on a certain area. The use of technology should load ships purse seine shing gear can not be operated by a small group. Trawler loaded on a ship with a capacity of at least 10-30 with group of a sawi 20-25 people. The development of patron-client relationship between Ponggawa and sawi the implies also the emergence of a rational economic relations, such as accounts payable relations. The accounts payable induce a feeling "uncomfortable" for mustard to move on group pagae with Ponggawa. other As a result, the nature of labor into
semi- free workers. The relationships developed among shermen Kampung Bugis. All the shermen Bugis ever having the debt. Even among them still have a debt burden on Ponggawa. The pattern of recruitment sawi becomes more selective, not solely rely on physical strength. Di erent tasks require workers do also have the skill and perseverance. For example the task to run the machine and observe the condition of the sh, whether or not already beleaguered called makacca.Therefore, the division of labor becomes more obvious for the duties and responsibilities and authority of each. Social Structure Fishermen sociological changes occur when the use of a motor boat gae.As described earlier, the eet gae require sawi 20 -25 people, and some jobs require special skills. By using machines and a capacity of 10-30 pro ciency level, eets need to employ a machinist to run, maintain and repair machinery(bass).These positions are usually lled by children Ponggawa are speci cally taught. The new ~ 29 ~ World
Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development position is an artisan circular trawler given credence to the mustard. The position of the skipper, a direction and determine the location of the arrest entrusted kapada Ponggawa.If using a generator,required mustard duty to operate the machine. So with the modernization, social di erentiation occurs seen from the increasing number of social positions that lead to changes in a tiered and hierarchical strati cation. group Pagae also require a feasibility observe catches. The position requires a particular expertise for mustard because the observation is done by diving into the water at night time, and only include a water glasses. The position in the local language is called pakacca.In the eet there is also a handyman position bagels served sorting sh by size and type, as well as dividing the bonus sh(jame-jame)for each mustard before sale. Based on the description of the division of labor or social structures of shermen in shing, every sherman has a role and function of each should have their individual skills. Brie y social structure sherman can Kampung Bugis District of Poasia can be seen in Table 2. Table 2: The new position in Work Pattern Fleet Gae No. Position Duties 1 skipper /Ponggawa Driving a boat Determining the direction of the ship Determine the location of the arrest 2 Machinist /Bas
-Run the engine - Maintain and repair machinery 3 Pakacca Viewing feasibility of a number of sh before being pulled 4 Electrician run and operate the engine generator 5 Plumbers Rim wrapped trawl around a light 6 Plumbers Tare Attractive trawl to the vessel 7 Plumbers Bage - Sorting sh according to the type and size - dividing the bonus(jame-jame)for mustard 8 Plumbers Lume Cleaning sea water and other impurities that get into the ship In Table 2, the di erence in position (di erentiation jobs) in the employment pattern has implications for social di erentiation. This is because the position is vertical, hierarchical and hierarchical. Position mustard with specialized skills will have a share
more than mustard. other This decreases the tendency of mustard to learn so as to reach positions that require special expertise. The trend occurs because the rules for the positioning results obtained are more than the number of positions that rely on physical strength such as mustard in general. Although the amount is not speci ed in a special institution. For those gae who have an engine towing trawl,artisan positions tare no longer needed due to be replaced by a machine that is moved by the driver(bass). Thus, the bass usually get results pretty much division. The ranking system shows a sherman in the village of Kampung Bugis had open strati ed system with the introduction of the system achieved status.Table 3 is an overview of the number and percentage of shermen based on the type of work in the shing activity. Number of Respondents Sawi at Various Facilities Modernization Working Position No. Position Number 1 Bas 9 2 Electrician 12 3 Plumbers Rim 5 4 Pakacca 7 5 Plumbers Tare 10 6 Plumbers Bage 7 Total 50 Table 3 shows that regulation of electricity requires more labor than others, as many as 12 people or about 21.8% of the number of workers. While artisan lume require relatively small quantities. Fleet engine that uses gardang recruiting more selective mustard. Sawi is just rely on physical strength are less of a priority to work on gae gardang. Sawi Other keep working on non eet. gardang In addition, Ponggawa also not possible to accommodate the workers too much. Some mustard recruited to work as pagae gardang because it already has the ability to operate the machine towing trawl. It is summed up in interviews with other informants: "My job now so builders circle. But before that I just pull trawl artisan. After a long time I was given to believe (entrusted: Author). Ponggawa to the circular. Maybe he (Ponggawa) I can see a circular". Based on the dimensional strati cation at the level of groups of shermen, each type layer puts the sherman with a position on the ownership, employment and income positions. The measure put Ponggawa remain on the top layer. Bas, electricians and carpenters circumference pakacca occupy intermediate layer. While the bottom layer to the position occupied by shermen artisan, tare artisan bagels,artisan lume.Brie y change the social structure of shing as a result of the use of new technology (modernization) can be seen in Table 4,
which shows that the shermen with nobility status or not spread in various positions (di erentiation). The mention of mustard to speci c tasks commonly used in groups of arrest, while outside groups (communities) continue to use the term mustard. ~ 30 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Table 4: Social Structure Fishermen on the Utilization of Gae. Dimensional Shape Di erentiation skipper /Ponggawa, Bas, pakacca, electrician Plumbers circumference, artisan tare,artisan bagels Strati cation 1. Fishing groups a type Layer Upper (Ponggawa) Medium (Bas, artisan circumference, electrician, pakacca) Down (tareartisan,artisan bagels,) b. Basic / size
Owners, working position, revenue 2.Community of a type layer Top (Ponggawa) Medium (bass, artisan circum ference, electrician, pakacca) Down (tare artisan,artisan bagels) b. Basic / size Owners, working position, revenues(achieved status) relationship Non-exploitative patterns,hierarchical Sharing System Cut the center (operational costs) 50%(Ponggawa):50%(sawi) Based on the size of the economy or wealth, physically visible di erence in each of these positions. The measure is seen from the house models, furniture and clothes. According Prasodjo and Pandjaitan (Hamzah, 2009), a system of strati cation occurs because: (1) the existence of an institutional process that sets a type
of certain goods and services as something valuable and desirable, (2) the allocation rules that distribute goods and services to various positions or employment, (3) the existence of mobility mechanism (motion to change) associating the individual with his work or his position. The pattern of relationships Ponggawa-sawi as a consequence of the nature of mutual need between the owners of the means of production(Ponggawa)as well as sellers of labor services(mustard).The pattern of production relations has a positive side and the exploitation by the Ponggawa. This was caused by; Relationships are not tied to the employment contract, Ponggawa not bear the cost of supplies, as well as collateral receivables speci cally for mustard,consequence points employment contract resulted in the mustard can change Ponggawa anytime they wish, the sharing system that ensures mustard. On the other hand the relationship patterns lead to symptoms semi exploitation in respect of the target number of catches. The catch is not on target, for example when catches previous months can not cover operating costs next month because it becomes a debt for the group pagae. Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusion The dynamics of transformation of patron-client on shing communities on the seashore of the District Poasia demonstrate their social di erentiation. Fishing patterns
using gae require several di erent positions with di erent skills. Sawi or crew members are usually recruited by ties of kinship or kinship. Fishermen also claimed that,use of gae as a shing gear can improve their economy. In addition, the bond debt (sawi/ labor) to the patron(Ponggawa/ Shipowners) makes the client become semi-free workers. Division of the catch is usually mengambil system central piece(Ponggawa 50%: sawi 50%). Suggestion The pattern of patron-client carried out by shermen should not be eliminated, but embraced to be a pattern of cooperative relations of mutual aid between employers and workers. References 1. Abernethy C L. 2002. Water Institution to Enhance
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