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ABSTRAK
Campak adalah salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada anak-anak, terutama pada kejadian bencana dan pengungsian. Imunisasi campak merupakan upaya pencegahan yang efektif. Standar Minimal Penanggulangan Masalah Kesehatan Akibat Bencana dan Penanganan Pengungsi dalam Kepmenkes No. 1357 tahun 2001 menyatakan bahwa pada pengungsian, imunisasi campak harus diberikan pada anak umur 6 bulan sampai 15 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat gambaran penerapan standar minimal pelayanan imunisasi campak pada masa tanggap darurat pengungsi erupsi Gunung Sinabung tahun 2013.
Penelitian kualitatif ini dilaksanakan di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Karo pada bulan Pebruari-Juni 2014, dengan wawancara mendalam, Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Informan utama adalah Kepala Dinas Kesehatan, Kepala Bidang Pemberantasan Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan, dan Kepala Seksi Imunisasi dan Surveilans. Informan untuk triangulasi adalah 3 orang pengelola imunisasi puskesmas.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan imunisasi campak pada pengungsi erupsi Gunung Sinabung tahun 2013 belum memenuhi standar minimal penanggulangan masalah kesehatan akibat bencana dan penanganan pengungsi. Imunisasi campak hanya diberikan pada bayi dan anak usia 9 bulan sampai 59 bulan. Waktu pelaksanaan lebih lambat dari ketentuan. Kejadian Luar Biasa campak terjadi di beberapa lokasi pengungsian pada bulan Pebruari dan April 2014, umumnya pada anak usia di atas 5 tahun, yang tidak dijadikan target program imunisasi.
Pihak Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Karo hendaknya melaksanakan imunisasi campak pada pengungsi dengan berpedoman pada Kepmenkes No. 1357 tahun 2001, meningkatkan kapasitas petugas kesehatan melalui pelatihan penanggulangan masalah kesehatan akibat bencana, serta melaksanakan kebijakan kesehatan sesuai amanat UU No. 32 tahun 2004 dan UU No. 24 tahun 2007.
Kata Kunci : Standar Minimal, Campak, Imunisasi, Pengungsi
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ABSTRACT
Measles is one of the main causes of child deaths, especially during disasters and refuge. Measles immunization is an effective effort of prevention. Minimum standard for Disaster-caused Health Problem Mitigation and Refugee Management stated in the Decree of Minister of Health No.1357/2001 says that in refuge, measles immunization must be given to all children of 6 months up to 15 years old. The purpose of this study was to describe the application of minimum standard of measles immunization service during the emergency response toward the refugees caused by Mount Sinabung eruption in 2013.
This qualitative study was conducted in Karo District Health Service from February to June 2014, using in-depth interviews. The data were descriptively analyzed. Key informants were Head of Karo District Health Service, Head of Disease Control and Environmental Health , and Head of Immunization and Surveillance Section. The informants for triangulation were 3 (three) immunization managers of Public Health Center.
This study showed that the implementation of measles immunization in the refugees of Mount Sinabung eruption in 2013 has not met the minimum standard. Measles immunization was only given to infants and children aged 9 to 59 months. The implementation time was later than the provision. Measles outbreaks occured in several refuge locations in February and April 2014, mostly in children over five years old, who were not targeted for measles immunization.
The management of Karo District Health Service should have implemented the measles immunization to the refugees based on the Decree of Minister of Health No.1357/2001, have improved the capacity of health workers through trainings on disaster-caused health problem mitigation, and have implemented health policy in accordance with the Law of Indonesian Republic No. 32 of 2004 and No. 24 of 2007.
Keywords: Minimum Standard, Measles, Immunization, Refugee
