DEVELOPMENTS OF THE NEW TOURISM PARADIGM IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION 277
AFTER UNGPs ON HUMAN RIGHT AND BUSINESS :
STUDY ON SEVERAL FOLLOW-UP IN TOURISM
Yesaya Sandang
yesaya.sandang@staff.uksw.edu
Satya Wacana Christian University
INTRODUCTION
Tourism is one of the human activities that rely on human right principles and it also makes an impact on human rights fulfillment. On one side human rights principles serve as a foundation to guarantee each person to have leisure time, perform a free traveling, and give the effort needed to create tourism opportunity (Veal, 2003; Higgins-Desbiolles, 2006; Sandang, 2014). On the other side, human rights principles work as guarantor for fulfilling basic rights and protections against abuses arise from tourism activities both for tourists and to the host community (George & Varghese, 2007; Eriksson (et al), 2009; Cole & Morgan, 2010; Cole, 2014).
Although human rights are not a new issue within tourism activities, there is one particular progress that plays important role in addressing hu-man right issues, in this case: the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). UNGPs (also known as Ruggie Principles) came from a long process initiate by the United Nation, they consist three pillars, which are: State Duty to Protect (principle 1-10), Business Responsibility to Respect (principle 11-24), and Access to Remedy (principle 25-31).
After The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) endorsed UNGPs: Implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework in its resolution 17/4 of 16 June 2011, there are significant follow-up (where as in dis-course and actual efforts) on how businesses must tackle human right issues, including in tourism business. Among many tourism organizations and
business, there are few that already took effort and initiative based on UNGPs, such as: Roundtable Human Rights in Tourism (RHRT), International Tourism Partnership (ITP) and KUONI (Zotz (ed), 2013; ITP, 2014; KUONI, 2014).
This study aims to identify and make summa-ries from follow-up that has been taken by tourism organizations and business mentioned above. By do-ing this, there would be an understanddo-ing on how tourism organization and business responds to the human rights issue after the UNGPs and what lesson could be learnt from it. After the conclusion has been drawn, this study would give closing remarks with a few matters that could be addressed for fur-ther study.
METHOD
This study uses document analysis as qual-itative method by skimming, reading, interpreting, and evaluating key document from RHRT, ITP, and KUONI that could referable to fulfill the aim of this study (Bowen, 2009). For RHRT the key docu-ment is HUMAN RIGHTS IN TOURISM: An Implementation Guideline for Tour Operators (Zotz (ed), 2013). For ITP the key document is Know How Guide: Human Rights & the Hotel Industry (2014). For KUONI the key document is Assessing Human Rights Impacts: India project report (2014).
FINDINGS
