Product Control by JI S and
BSL in Japan
I chiroh Nakaya
Japan Testing Center
2
Renewed Conformity Assessment System
Outline)
Introduction of third-party product certification
scheme
Internationally harmonized
accreditation/certification system
Integrity of the system
Reform of the Conformity Assessment System
under the Industrial Standardization Law
4
Introduction of third-party product
certification scheme
Government Certification
Æ
Certification by Accredited Certification Bodies
Limited scope of certification (designated products
only corresponding to approximate 1,300 standards
within JIS product standards)
Æ
Limitation is terminated.
Reform of the Conformity Assessment System
under the Industrial Standardization Law (Continued)
Reform of the Conformity Assessment System
Internationally harmonized
accreditation/certification system
Apply international guides and standards developed by
ISO/IEC.
Flexible to various needs from manufacturers, retailers,
consumers, etc.
Facilitate coordination with national regulatory
authorities.
Reform of the Conformity Assessment System
under the Industrial Standardization Law (Continued)
Reform of the Conformity Assessment System
6
Integrity of the system
Introduce well organized surveillance system to
enhance credibility of the system.
Training program for auditors.
Monitoring system for JIS mark products.
Reform of the Conformity Assessment System
under the Industrial Standardization Law (Continued)
Reform of the Conformity Assessment System
Design of JIS mark was renewed.
Old JIS mark
Current JIS mark
The renewed mark can provide information on aspects of certification
New JIS Mark System
8
SDOs (Standards Developing Organizations) will play
significant role in developing standards.
These standards are developed so as to meet the
requirements from industrial sectors and consumers and
are developed with a view to be proposed internationally.
New JIS Mark System (continued)
Accreditation Criteria
Conformity with
ISO/IEC Guide 65
(
General requirements
for bodies operating product certification systems
) as the
general rule.
Especially, concerning independency of accreditation
applicant, article 4.2 m), the law provides application
requirements.
Accreditation Criteria for Certification Bodies (CBs)
10
[Product certification system securing international harmonization and
outstanding reliability]
Certification under the new JIS Mark scheme is based on "System 5" in
the third party product certification scheme stipulated in ISO/IEC
Guide 67.
The certification procedure complies with ISO/IEC Guide 28
(Third-party product certification system)
As a general rule, the certification procedure consists of the
combination of: (1) Product testing; (2) product certification based on
inspection of quality control at the manufacturing plant where the
product is manufactured; and (3) periodical surveillance after
certification (on whether or not findings in (1) and (2) are maintained).
Certification Method
Laboratory accreditation system under Article 57 of the Industrial
Standardization Law
1. Laboratory to have the technical competence necessary for precise
and smooth laboratory testing
2. Laboratory to have established method of test execution necessary
for appropriate testing
Accreditation based on ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the
competence of testing and calibration laboratories
(Note) JNLA is acronym for Japan National Laboratory Accreditation
Accredited laboratory is able to issue laboratory certificates with
accreditation logo defined in Ministerial ordinance
Scope of accreditation
Logo (accreditation symbol)
The JNLA Scheme
12
Accreditation based on ISO/IEC 17025
Accreditation based on ISO/IEC standards on organizations
conducting testing
Î
Accreditation by the Gov t based on satisfaction of ISO/IEC
17025 standards (equivalent to current JNLA scheme)
Expansion of “Accreditation scope"
Change from "JIS on testing method for mining and industrial
products other than designated products" to "JIS on testing
method for all mining and industrial products"
Objective of the new scheme
Application of JNLA in the new JIS Mark scheme as
conformity testing, in addition to support of self-declaration of
conformity
Introduction of “renewal scheme"
Accreditation shall be renewed at regular intervals designated
by cabinet order.
The JNLA Scheme
Proclamation of Amended JIS Law (June 9
New JNLA scheme is put into effect (October 1)
Application for accreditation from certification bodies to
be received. (from April 1
Application for certification from manufacturers etc. to be
received.
from October 1
Three year transitional period is prepared from Oct. 1,
2005 to Sep. 30, 2008.
1
4
B
u
ild
in
g
S
ta
n
d
a
rd
s
La
w
O
v
e
rv
ie
Design stage
Construction permit
Construction stage Completion of construction
Intermediate inspection Completion inspection
[Specification regulations] [Performance regulations]
Outline of the Building Standard Law
[Pre-Use Procedure for Buildings]
Building plan
Start of use
Commenc
eme
nt
of construction
Specified administration agency or
designated building inspection organization
Examination of design documents compliance to the building code
Singly imposed regulations
[Securing safety of building]
Collectively imposed regulations
[Development of sound community]
{Site (ensuring sanitation and safety) - - - {Storm gutter, embankment, etc.
{Structure (preventing collapse from earthquake) - - - {Structural materials, amount of walls, etc. - - -{Calculation of ultimate bearing capacity
{Fire prevention and evacuation (saving life from fire) - - - {Fireproof structure, evacuation stairs, etc. - - -{Fireproof design and evacuation safety verification methods, etc.
16
For the Purpose of Ensuring the Safety of Buildings
and the Effectiveness of the Standards
1998 Revision of the
Building Standard Law
- Appropriate role-sharing between administration and industry
- Ensuring effectiveness of building regulations
- Effective use of market function
{Privatization of building inspection services
Growing demand from society
{Development of intermediate inspection system
Building Administration Enforcement Framework
Prior to Revision of Law
Approx 1,000,000 building plans to be
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
Ch
ec
ks
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
In
sp
ec
tio
n O
ffi
ci
al
s
No. of building plans checked
18
Privatization of Building Inspection Services
Certified inspectors: Employ a predetermined minimum number of inspectors Structure: Management should have no influence on fair implementation
of inspectors’ service.
Dedication: Designated organizations should ensure fairness in its service by not engaging in business other than building inspection. Administration cannot secure a sufficient implementation framework.
It is necessary to develop an efficient enforcement framework by re-examining the share of administration-industry roles.
The building inspection services, which have been conducted by building inspection officials to date, should be opened to qualified independent private organizations (designated building inspection organizations).
Capable of providing varied services to match the needs of building owners
Administration can ensure effectiveness of the system by focusing on the correction of regulation violators.
Effect
Background
I ndependent and fair
Necessary inspection
capabilit y
( Those who passed the qualification
exam and registered as such are certified as building inspectors.)
Require-ments
Mayors or governors appoint
inspect ors from t hose who
have passed t he qualificat ion
exam and who are regist ered.
Private
( eit her profit or non- profit )
At tribute
s
Prefectural or m unicipal
officials*
Prefectures and specific cities
with populations of over 250,000
D e sign a t e d bu ildin g
in spe ct ion
or ga n iza t ion s
Bu ildin g in spe ct ion
officia ls
20
Number of Specified Administration Agencies and
Designated Building Inspection Organizations
367 376 388 397 407 408 411
75 92 96
57 26
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
N
o.
of
or
g.
Specified administration agency Designated building inspection organization
28 designated by Minister 68 designated by Governor
Organizations providing services in two or more prefectures:
appointment by Minister (Director of Development Bureau)
Organizations providing services in one prefecture:
appointment by Governor
Services of Designated Building Inspection Organizations
833,191
15,534
839,810
83,106
736,827
155,338
591,399
238,880
485,079
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Designated building inspection organization
Building inspection official
(Cases)
22
Development of the Intermediate Inspection System
Effect
Background
Points
Lessons learnt from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake* made us realize anew the importance of the maintenance of building safety.
A system should be established that allows inspections even during the construction stage.
*6,425 deaths, about 80% of which were due to collapsing buildings
Stricter inspection and thorough implementation of such inspection can doubly ensure the safety of buildings.
Specified administration agencies should designate buildings and processes that should receive intermediate inspection.
Case Study: Designation of Specified Processes
and Processes following Specified Processes
[Tokyo Metropolis]
(2) 3 stories or higher and a total floor area of greater than 500 m
2Steel structure
Steel erection of 1F
Steel RC structure
As above
RC structure
Rebar arrangement of beams and floor on 2F
Wooden structure
Roofing work
Steel structure
2F floor slab installation
Steel RC structure
Rebar arrangement in columns and beams
RC structure
Beams and floor concrete casting on 2F
Wooden structure
Exterior or interior of walls
Subject building
Specified process
Process post
specified process
24
Changes in the Number of Specified Administration Agencies Performing
Intermediate Inspection
367
209
158 161 179
167 230 236 232 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
56 %
Specified administration agencies
59 % 59 % 44 %
* No data for 2002 and 2003 due to survey not being conducted
(Fiscal year)
Access to Documents related to Building Inspection
A system should be established to ensure appropriate evaluation of the quality of buildings by the market rule.
Specified administration agencies should be legally required to make and keep building ledgers.
Documents related to inspection of buildings should also be included in those to be accessible.
(Formerly only the outline of building plans)
Procedure should be clarified to re-check buildings whose designs were changed after their original plans were inspected.
Background
26
Example of Document Access
[Outline of Building Plan]
[Progress Status of Procedures]
[ Out line of building]
Location: Site area:
Building area: Building coverage ratio: Total floor area: Floor area ratio:
St ructure: Use:
Height : No. of stories:
[ Locat ion m ap]
[ Layout]
[ Outline of owner, etc.]
Owner: Architect : Cont ract or:
Const ruct ion supervisor:
[ Other perm issions and certifications] [ Com pletion inspection]
Date of inspection: Certifier:
Cert ificat ion no.: Dat e of cert ificat ion:
[ I nterm ediate inspection]
Specified process: I nspection date: I nterm ediate inspection certifier:
I nterm ediate inspection certification no.: Dat e of cert ificat ion:
[ Building inspection]
Building perm it t er: Perm it no.:
Changes in Past Inspection Ratio
68%
64%
40%
34%
33%
33%
46%
57%
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
No. of
checks(A)
No. of certificates(B)
Inspection ratio(B/A)
28
{
Necessary measures should be taken to ensure firm
foundation, including improvement of fill or ground, when a
building is to be constructed on a wet area, an area prone
to flooding, or a former refuse landfill site.
{
Appropriate facilities for drainage or disposal of rainwater
and wastewater, such as installation of sewer pipes or
sewer gutters, should be constructed at building sites.
{
Safety measures, such as construction of retaining walls,
should be taken at an area where it is possible that a
building may be damaged to landslide or collapse of slope
in order to protect the building from such damage.
Pr in ciple of St r u ct u r a l
Re gu la t ion
To be specific, technical standards have been put in place based on the
following principle:
(1) The building should be structurally strong enough to support its dead weight
and applied loads and ensure its usability regardless of any extreme
deformation or vibration it might receive.
(2) The building should not be damaged by snowfall, storm or earthquakes of a
medium scale that can infrequently happen.
(3) The building should not collapse or fall by snowfall, storm or earthquakes of
a large scale that can very rarely happen.
30
<Intermediate inspection>
(June 1998)
Intermediate inspection was required to ensure thorough supervision of construction work.
Others
<Act for Promotion of the Earthquake Proof Retrofit of Buildings was enacted in Oct. 1995>
<Act for Densely Inhabited Areas Improvement for Disaster Mitigation was enacted in May 1997>
[Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake] (Jan. 1995)
(M7.2; 6,432 deaths, 104,906 buildings totally damaged, 144,274 buildings partially damaged and 6,148 buildings totally burned down) Buildings built to the former seismic standard and those poorly designed and constructed were damaged and collapsed in great number.
<New seismic standard>
(July 1980)
Secondary design should be introduced in seismic calculation
(1) Restrictions of inter-story drift, rigidity, or eccentricity ratio (2) Introduction of ultimate lateral strength calculation
Reinforcement of specification regulations
(1) Increase in the amount of load-bearing walls for wooden buildings
[Tokachi-oki Earthquake] (May 1968)
(M7.9: 49 deaths, 673 buildings totally damaged and 3,004 buildings partially damaged)
A large number of RC buildings were damaged.
[Miyagi-ken-oki Earthquake] (June 1978)
(M7.4; 27 deaths, 651 buildings totally damaged and 5,450 buildings partially damaged)
Buildings with pilotis and of serious eccentricity were damaged.
2. Calculation of Allowable Unit Stress, etc.
Buildings other than
specified buildings
Specified buildings
Higher than 31 m
Height of 31 m high or less
+
+
+
+
+
Check of inter-story drift (ensure the building’s exterior
materials will not fall with any building deformation)
Check of allowable unit stress (ensure the building will not suffer damage by regular
and medium-scale earthquakes, storms, etc.)
Check of modulus of rigidity and eccentricity ratio (make sure the structural balance of the building is appropriate)
Check of ultimate lateral strength (make sure the building will not collapse in a major earthquake)
Check of bearing capacity
32
Calculation of
allowable unit
stress
Make sure that the building will not suffer damage to any
part, by its own dead weight, applied loads or the force
of a medium scale earthquake, etc. (earthquake, storm
or snowfall likely to occur about once in the life time).
(1)
The force that occurs to a
part of a building
is calculated by
loads and external force. Then,
the unit stress that occurs in a
section of any part of the
building (stress per unit area)
is
calculated.
(2)
Make sure that the unit stress of
any given part calculated in (1)
is smaller than the allowable
unit stress* of that part.
Elastic area Plastic area
Major earthquake (Japanese scale of 6 + to 7)
Range of calculation
of allowable unit
stress
Allowable unit stress
(M
axi
m
um f
orce that the
member can sustain)
Deformation
* Damage (deformation) will
remain even after removal of force.
Collapse
Size of force that acts
Relationship between force working on a member and deformation
Medium scale earthquake
(Japanese scale of 5)
34
Inter-story
drift
The level of deformation that occurs on
each floor (section) in the lateral
direction at the time of an earthquake of
medium scale should be smaller than
the level that causes the fall of exterior
materials (in principle, within 1/200, and
in case of no possibility of serious
damage, within 1/120).
Modulus of
rigidity &
Eccentricity
ratio
Modulus of rigidity is an index of balance of rigidity for each floor
of the building. Eccentricity ratio is an index of balance of rigidity
for each floor in the lateral direction. With these indexes, one
can check if the balance of the building is appropriate without
causing serious defects in structural strength.
—Ž
‰º
” z’ u‚ Ì• ΂ è‚ Å
• ÏŒ`‚ ª“ Á
’ è‚ Ì’ Œ
‚ É W
’ †
s• ½– Ê } t
‘ ¼‚ æ‚ è _‚ ç‚ ©‚ ¢ Š K‚ É‘ ¹ ‚ ª
W
’ †‚ ·‚ é
Floor that is too elastic.
Fall [Top View] [Elevational View] Damage is concentrated on the most
Calculation of
ultimate lateral
strength
The building should not suffer collapse or
destruction that can harm people in the building in
the event of an extremely rare major earthquake.
(1) Ultimate lateral
strengthfor each floor is calculated from the strength of materials used.
(2) The ultimate lateral strengthnecessary for each floor not to suffer collapse or destruction in the event of major seismic force is calculated. This should be calculated by
considering various parameters, such as tenacity and shape characteristics
(3)
36
3. Calculation of Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Calculation of
ultimate
bearing
capacity
Method of structural calculation that checks the required performance for each item.
→ Either allowable unit stress or ultimate bearing capacity should be
chosen.
→ This rule does not need to apply to the majority of specification
regulations excluding those that cannot be checked by structural
calculations, such as durability or constructibility. (Its application is, however, necessary for specification regulations in calculation of allowable unit stress.)
Structural calculation should be made to check the following
performance:
The building should not suffer deformation or vibration that prevents intended
use of the building by its own dead weight or applied loads .
The building should not suffer collapse or destruction in the event of large-scale
snowfall, storm or earthquake that very rarely happens.
{
For instance, safety of a building against a major earthquake is
checked by the following structural calculations:
* In calculating the ultimate lateral strength, it is assumed that the building complies with certain specification standards. A relatively simple method is used to evaluate tenacity or
shape characteristics of each floor, and an equation to calculate ultimate lateral strength is
specified as the standard method of calculation.
For calculation of ultimate bearing capacity, it is not based on the assumption of the
(1)
Maximum
deformation (safety
limit displacement)
occurring to each
floor
when the floor
resists lateral force
equal to its ultimate
lateral strength is
calculated.
(2)
Seismic force
acting on each floor
during a major
earthquake is calculated,
while considering
vibration characteristics
of the building under
displacement equal to
the
safety limit
displacement
.
(3)
38
4. Advanced Structural Calculations
Structural calculations for super high-rises (buildings higher than 60 m)
Time history response analysis (the method of structural calculation
where changes in force and deformation occurring to the building by
seismic waves of a major earthquake are continuously simulated by the
computer to verify seismic resistance of the building)
5. Specification Regulations
{ Durability of the foundation and members (specifications common for all types of structures): This specification should be complied with whether or not the structural calculation is required.
{ Specification regulations for each type of structure (wooden, masonry, steel, RC, SRC, etc.): This may be omitted when calculation of ultimate bearing capacity or time history response analysis is conducted.
[Example of Specification Regulation] (Common)
Where corrosion or decay is particularly likely at parts important in terms of structural strength, materials resistant to corrosion or decay, or those treated with effective rust-preventatives or corrosion-preventatives, should be used.
(Wooden structure)
The size of the column should be 13.5 cm per side or more on the first floor of a two-story building.
Corner pillars of a building of two or more stories should be through-pillars.
40
Pr in ciple of Fir e pr oof a n d
Eva cu a t ion Re gu la t ion s
To be specific, measures should be taken based on the following principles:
(1) Prevention of the spread of fire from a neighboring building
(2) For buildings highly prone to fire, prevention of fire from occurring indoors,
spreading, or causing the collapse of the building
(3) In the event of a fire, ensure the evacuation and safety of users, and facilitate
fire-fighting activities
Principle
A fireproof building is a building most unlikely to catch fire from outside or to collapse by ordinary fire.
A building that falls under any of the following descriptions and has fire-prevention equipment at any opening likely to catch fire from outside:
a. Major structural parts (wall, column, floor, beam, roof, stairs) are fireproof(specification regulation).
b. Major structural parts are proven, by the fireproof performance verification method(performance regulation), to withstand a fire until the fire ends.
c. Major structural parts are certified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transportto be able to withstand a fire until it ends (performance regulation).
* Fire-prevention equipment is equipment which prevents fire, such as fire doors with fire-shielding performance(capable of shielding fire for 20 minutes) or drenchers (water curtain equipment), which are certified by the Minister of MLIT for compliance with the notified regulations.
A semi-fireproof building is a building less likely to catch fire from outside and collapse by fire inside, having performance in line with the fireproof building and falling under either of the following:
(1) Major structural parts are semi-fireproof; (2) External walls are fireproof;
42
Fireproof
structure
Fireproof performance
:
Structure of reinforced concrete,
steel, etc.
, in case of an ordinary fire, capable of preventing the
collapse or spread of the fire until it ends. A structure is
qualified to be fireproof by either satisfying the requirements
given in the Ministerial Notification or being certified by the
Minister of MLIT.
Semi-fireproof
structure
Semi-fireproof performance
:
Structure
of wood, etc.
having performance to
control the spread of an ordinary fire. A
structure is qualified to be semi-fireproof
either by satisfying the requirements
given in the Ministerial Notification or
being certified by the Minister of MLIT.
(Fireproof and Semi-fireproof Structures)
Reinforced concrete structure
Plaster board: double panels (12 mm + 9 mm) (both sides)
(Column and wall)
(Noncombustible, quasi-noncombustible, flame-retarding materials)
[Requirements]
1)
Does not combust.
2)
Does not suffer deformation, fusion, cracking, or other
damage that is harmful in terms of fire prevention.
Materials satisfying all the requirements below during the time range shown in the right when subjected to heat.
This qualification is granted either by certification by the Minister of LIT or compliance with the stipulations set by
the Minister of LIT.
5 m in .
1 0 m in .
2 0 m in .
Duration
Fla m e - r e t a r din g plyw ood, e t c.
Fla m e
-r e t a -r din g
Sa w du st - m ix e d ce m e n t boa r d, pla st e r boa r d, e t c.
Qu a
si-n osi-n com bu st ibl
e
Con cr e t e , st e e l pla t e , e t c.
N on com bu st ibl
e
44
6. Means of Evacuation
Evacuation safety in the entire building is stipulated so as to ensure the safe
evacuation of people inside the building to the ground outdoors, in case of a
disaster, and particularly, a fire.
The following means must be put in place:
(1) Evacuation route should be established. (room→corridor→evacuation stairs→entrance to evacuation floor→passage in the compound→road or open area)
(2) Rescue means from outside should be put in place, such as an emergency entrance or emergency elevator.
(3) Means to facilitate evacuation should be put in place, such as smoke ejectors, emergency lighting, etc.
The following means must be put in place:
(1) Evacuation route should be established. (room→corridor→evacuation stairs→entrance to evacuation floor→passage in the compound→road or open area)
(2) Rescue means from outside should be put in place, such as an emergency entrance or emergency elevator.
(3) Means to facilitate evacuation should be put in place, such as smoke ejectors, emergency lighting, etc.
(1) Buildings larger than a prescribed scale, such as theater, movie
theater, or hall, where an undetermined number of people use
(2) Buildings of 3 stories or higher
(3) Buildings covering a floor area of over 1,000 m
2{
Direct Stairs
The distance from any given part of rooms on upper floors or basement floors of a building
to the direct stairs (walking distance) should not exceed the predetermined distance.
Floors used for certain purposes or of certain scales, such as seating floors of a theater,
should have two or more direct stairs.
Regulation for Means of Evacuation - 1
{
Evacuation Stairs & Special Evacuation Stairs
The following direct stairs should have evacuation or special
evacuation stairs in principle:
Evacuation stairs:
(1) Direct stairs leading from the 5th floor or higher or the 2nd
basement or lower
(2) Two or more direct stairs of a building having a retail
store on the 3rd or higher floors
Special evacuation stairs:
(1) Direct stairs leading from the 15th floor or higher or the
3rd basement or lower
(2) Of direct stairs of a building having retail stores on the 3rd
or higher floors:
Evacuation stairs
Special evacuation stairs
(Outside) No influence of smoke Return wall
Smoke Smoke
Room Room
(Corridor)
750 or wider Window should be a fire-prevention equipment having 20-minute fire shielding performance, be fixed, and have an open area of less than 1 m2.
Fire-prevention equipment having 20-min. fire shielding performance
Adjacent anteroom
Evacuation direction Fixed door
500 or higher
900 or wider
46
{
Smoke Exhaust
Buildings where a large number of people use or reside should have appropriate
means of smoke exhaust in order to eliminate smoke in the early stage of a fire that
starts in any given room or is entering into other rooms beyond the fire compartment.
{
Emergency Lighting
Emergency lighting should be installed in the following areas of a building used by a
large number of people in order to ensure minimum action necessary for evacuation
in the event of power outage:
1) Rooms
2) Corridors that serve as evacuation routes from any room to the outdoor ground,
stairs and other corridors
{
Installation of emergency entrance
Emergency entrances must be installed on the 3rd floor or higher floors lower than
31 m.
7. Emergency Entrance and Elevator
{
Installation of emergency elevator
A minimum number (corresponding to the
maximum floor area of floors 31 m or higher) of
emergency elevators must be installed in a
Installation of emergency entrances and elevators is mandatory to facilitate the rescue
activities of fire fighters.
(Floor that must have emergency entrances)
Building required to install emergency entrance
Floor required to install emergency entrance
Corridor
48
System of General Structural and Building Services Regulations
{
Purpose of general structural and building services regulations: To ensure sanitary environment and safety
[Purpose]
[Measures to be taken]
Sanitary
environment
Prevention of the falling of equipment Good indoor air environment
Removal of excessive moisture Ensure natural lighting
Elimination of noises from daily life
Prevention of fire or electric shock caused by equipment
Opening for natural lighting and ventilation or ventilation system
“Sick-house” measures (materials, ventilation, etc.)
Moister prevention under the floor or in the basement rooms
Sound insulation structure for apartments
Stairs (width, rise, tread, handrail, etc.)
Safety
Prevention of lightning strike
Ceiling height or floor height
Appropriate treatment of sewer and wastewater
[Description]
Prevention of casual accidents, such as tumbling
Prevention of contamination of drinking water
Structure of lifting equipment (elevators and escalators)
Piping (water supply and sewerage)
Electricity and gas (stipulated by other laws and regulations)
Lightning protection system Toilet structure restrictions
4
9
rv
ie
50
Article 37 in Old BSL
Article 37 The quality of steel, cem ent and
other building m aterials used for the
foundations, principal building parts and
other parts of buildings specified by Cabinet
Order which are im portant from the
viewpoint of safety, fire prevention or
sanitation, shall com ply with the Japanese
I ndustrial Standard or the Japanese
Agricultural Standard designated by the
Minister of Construction.
MOC Notification 26, 1951
MOC Notification 26, 1951
“Fire Retardant Paint for Buildings (JIS K5661)”
Fire Retardant
Paint
Class 1 or Class 2 of “Fire-Retardant Wood (JIS
A5801)”
Fire-Retardant
Woods
“Cement bonded wood-wool boards (JIS A5404)”
Cement Bonded
Wood-Wool
Boards
9 mm or thicker in “Metal Laths (JIS A5505)”
Metal Laths
9 mm or thicker in “Wire Laths JIS A5504)”
Wire Laths
For Structural Part of
Fireproof Construction
or Fire Preventive
Construction, or For
Fire Door
“Portland Cement” (JIS R5210)
“Blast-Furnace Slag Cement
(JIS R5211)” or “pozzolan cement (JIS R5212)”
Cement
For Foundation and
Principal Building Part
Japanese Industrial Standard
Building Material
Category on Use
52
Main Points in 1999 BSL Revision
To A Perform ance Oriented
Standard
Specifying Spiritual Stipulations
to Details
To I m prove Approval System s
That Have Been Vague
Article 37 in New BSL
Article 37 Such building materials as
wood
, steel,
concrete
, and other materials specified by the Minister
of Construction used for the foundations, principal
building parts, and other parts of buildings specified by
Cabinet Order which are important from the viewpoint of
safety, fire prevention,and sanitation (
hereinafter in this
Article referred to as
“designated building materials”) shall come under either
one of the following items.
(To be continued)
54
Specified by Cabinet Order ( Article 144- 3)
Art icle 144- 3.
Part s of buildings which are im portant from the
viewpoint of safety, fire prevention or sanitation as specified by
Cabinet Order under Article 37 of the Law shall be m entioned as
follows:
( 1) Principal parts necessary for structural strength other than
foundations and principal buildings parts.
( 2) Structural parts of fireproof, quasi- fireproof, or fire preventive
construction other than principal building parts.
( 3) Fire preventive equipm ent or its part st ipulat ed in Art icle 109.
( 4) I nterior or exterior parts of buildings t hat t he Minist er
stipulates, such as fire doors or fire preventive dam pers or parts
of these.
( 5) Partition walls, rem ovable floor boards, floors of the lowest
floor,
sm all beam s, pent roofs, sm all stairs for local use,
outside stairs,
balconies or other parts sim ilar thereto, other
than principal
building parts, which t he Minist er st ipulat es as
im portant from
the viewpoint of safety or fire prevention.
Notes on Revised Article 37
“Designated building materials” is referred to as those which are
regulated under Article 37 BSL. This does not mean that using
other materials than designated building materials is prohibited.
It does not require products labeled with JIS or JAS mark. It
requires that the materials conform to the qualities stipulated in
JIS or JAS.
Once a material becomes “Designated Building Material,” the
BSL regulates this in all cases when used in important parts
defined in structural and fire preventive codes, unless parts
being applied to are specified.
56
Designated Building Materials
As of October 2001 by Notification 1446 of 2000)
1.
Structural Steel and Cast
Steel
2.
High Strength Bolt and
Bolt
3.
Structural Cable, Wire
Rope, etc.
4.
Steel Bar
5.
Welding Material
6.
Turn Buckle
7.
Concrete
8.
Concrete Block
9.
Base I solation Material
( Added in 2000)
Additions by Notification
1539, 2001
10. Wood-Based Glued Axial
Material
11. Wood-Based Composite
Axial Material
12. Wood-Based Composite
Insulated Panel
Designated Building Materials
( Additions by Notification 1539 of
2001)
Wood-Based Glued Axial Material (axial materials
manufactured by laminating veneers or forming strands with
adhesive · · ·LVL, LSL, PSL, etc.
Wood-Based Composite Axial Material axial materials
manufactured by composing sawn lumber, laminated lumber or
other wood material with adhesives to cross sections such as
I-shape, squares, etc.) · · · I-Joist, Box Beams, etc.
Wood-Based Composite Insulated Panel (panel products
manufactured by sandwiching organic foamed material by
structural plywood, etc with adhesives, no framing inside) · ·
·Structural Insulated Panels
Wood-Based Glued Composite Panel (panel products
58
I tem 1 of Article 37 of New BSL
1.
Those whose quality conforms to the
Japanese Industrial Standard or the
Japanese Agricultural Standard
designated
for each designated building
material
by the Minister of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport.
Item 1 in Annexed Table 1 of
MOC Notification 1446 of 2000
I tem 2 of Article 37 of New BSL
In addition to building materials stipulated in
the preceding item, those approved by the
Minister of Construction as conforming to
technical criteria for each designated building
material specified by the Minister of
Construction concerning the quality
60
Quality Measurem ent Method for 4
Wood-Based Designated Building Materials
( I tem 2 of Annexed Table of the Notification)
Wood-Based Glued Axial Material · · · · Based on JAS LVL
standard
Wood-Based Composite Axial Material · · · · Based on ASTM D
5055 “Standard Specification for Establishing and Monitoring
Structural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-Joist”
Wood-Based Composite Insulated Panel · · · · Based on JIS
A1414 “Methods of performance test of panels for building
construction”
Wood-Based Glued Composite panel · · · · Based on JIS
A1414
In addition, referenced from Circular Notice from Director of
Quality Standard for Wood- Based Glued Axial Material
1) Criteria for sizes and bow
2) Criteria for bending strength
and bending MOE
3) Criteria for shear strength
and shear MOE
4) Compressive strain
strength (when used for the
parts where this stress
applies)
5) Criteria of Moisture Content
6) Moisture content
adjustment factors for 2),
3) and 4)
7) Duration of load
adjustment factors for 2),
3) and 4)
8) Creep adjustment factors
for 2) and 3)
9) Adjustment factors for
accidental wetting for 2),
3) and 4)
10) Bending strength retention
ratio based on bonding
62
Quality Standard for
Wood- Based Com posite Axial Materials
1) Criteria for size and bow
2) Criteria for each part of
bending strength, bending
MOE, shear strength, shear
MOE and compressive strain
strength (where this stress
applies)
3) Quality of adhesive
4) Criteria of maximum bending
moment and bending
stiffness
5) Criteria for shear strength
and MOE
6) Moisture Content Criteria
6) Moisture content adjustment
factor for 2), 3) and 4)
7) Load duration adjustment
factor for 2), 3) and 4)
8) Creep adjustment factor for 2)
and 3)
9) Adjustment factor for
accidental wetting for 2), 3)
and 4)
10) Bending strength retention
ratio based on bonding
durability
Quality Standard for
Wood- Based Com posite I nsulated Panel
1) Size Criteria
2) Quality of each component
3) Criteria for in-plate
compression strength (when
used for the parts where this
stress applies)
4) Criteria for out-plane bending
strength and MOE
5) Criteria for compressive strain
strength
6) Criteria for shear strength and
8) Moisture content adjustment
factor for 4)
9) Load duration adjustment
factors for 3), 4) and 5)
10) Creep adjustment factor for
4)
11) Accidental wetting
adjustment factors for 3), 4)
and 5)
12) Bending retention ratio
64
Quality Standard for
Wood- Based Glued Com posite Panel
1) Size Criteria
2) Quality of each component
3) Criteria for in-plane
compression strength
4) Criteria for out-plane
bending strength and MOE
5) Criteria for shear strength
and MOE
6) Moisture content adjustment
factor for 4)
7) Load duration
adjustment factors
for 3) and 4)
8) Creep adjustment
factor for 4)
9) Accidental wetting
factors for 3) and 4)
10) Influence of
Required Perform ance I tem s ( Shear Wall – 1)
Buckling Resistance of Shear Wall
○
○
Shear Ductility of Shear Wall
○
Shear Rigidity of Shear Wall
○
○
Shear Resist ance of Shear Wall
○
○
I m pact Bearing St rengt h t o Hum an
or Obj ect ( out - plane)
○
○
Resistance force to Wind Pressure Perpendicular to Surface ( Exterior Wall)
Shear Walls Based On Shear Wall Calculation
D
u
ct
ilit
y
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
e
n
g
th
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
e
n
g
th
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
re
n
g
th
Assum ed External Force
Shear-
Through-Thickness
Out - Plane
Com pressio
n
Bending
Perform ance I t em s
66
Required Perform ance I tem s ( Shear Wall – 2)
○
Buckling Resistance of Shear Wall
t o Vert ical Load ( based on
weak-axis bending of st uds)
Shear Ductility of Shear Wall
○
Shear Rigidity of Shear Wall
○
Shear Resist ance of Shear Wall
○
○
○
I m pact Bearing St rengt h t o Hum an
or Obj ect ( out - plane)
○
○
Resistance force to Wind Pressure Perpendicular to Surface ( Exterior Wall)
Shear Walls Based On Shear Wall Calculation
S
tr
e
n
g
th
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
e
n
g
th
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
re
n
g
th
Assum ed External Force
I m pact
Bending
Com pressiv
e St rain
I n- Plane
Shear
Perform ance I t em s
Required Perform ance I tem s ( Shear Wall –3)
○
D
u
ct
ilit
y
Shear Ductility of Shear Wall
○
Shear Rigidity of Shear Wall
○
○
Shear Resist ance of Shear
Wall
○
I m pact Bearing St rengt h t o
Hum an or Obj ect ( out - plane)
○
Resist ance force t o Wind
Pressure Perpendicular to
Surface ( Exterior Wall)
Shear
Walls
Based On
Shear Wall
Calculation
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
re
n
g
th
Assum ed External Force
Withdrawal
Resist ance
of
Connect ors
Shear Resist ance of
Connect ors
Perform ance I t em s
68
Required Perform ance I tem s ( Shear Wall – 4)
On- Sit e and Long- Term
Perform ance Assurance
○
○
○
○
Load
Duratio
n
Bond
Durabilit
y
Durability,
Ant i- Term it e
Buckling Resistance of Shear Wall to Vertical Load ( based on weak- axis
bending of studs)
Shear Ductility of Shear Wall
Shear Rigidity of Shear Wall
Shear Resist ance of Shear
Wall
I m pact Bearing St rengt h t o
Hum an or Obj ect ( out - plane)
Resist ance force t o Wind
Pressure Perpendicular to
Surface ( Exterior Wall)
Shear
Walls
Based On
Shear Wall
Calculation
Assum ed External Force
Accident
al
Wet t ing
Perform ance I t em s
Required Perform ance I tem s ( Floor/ Roof – 1)
○
Diaphragm Duct ilit y
○
Diaphragm Shear Rigidit y
○
Diaphragm Shear Resist ance
○
Rigidit y t o Live and Snow loads
○
Resist ance t o Live and Snow Loads
Floor
Sheathing
and Roof
Sheathing
D
u
ct
ilit
y
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
e
n
g
th
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
e
n
g
th
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
re
n
g
th
Assum ed External Force
Shear-
Through-Thickness
Out - Plane
Com pressio
n
Bending
Perform ance I t em s
70
Required Perform ance I tem s ( Floor/ Roof – 2)
Diaphragm Duct ilit y
○
Diaphragm Shear Rigidit y
○
Diaphragm Shear Resist ance
○
○
Rigidit y t o Live and Snow loads
○
○
Resist ance t o Live and Snow Loads
Floor
Sheathing
and Roof
Sheathing
S
tr
e
n
g
th
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
e
n
g
th
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
re
n
g
th
Assum ed External Force
I m pact
Bendin
g
Com pressi
ve Strain
I n- Plane
Shear
Perform ance I t em s
Required Perform ance I tem s ( Floor/ Roof – 3)
Withdrawal
Resist ance
of
Connect ors
○
Diaphragm Shear Rigidit y
○
Diaphragm Shear Resist ance
○
Rigidit y t o Live and Snow loads
○
Resist ance t o Live and Snow
Loads
Floor
Sheathing
and Roof
Sheathing
D
u
ct
ilit
y
R
ig
id
ity
S
tr
re
n
g
th
Assum ed External Force
Shear Resist ance of
Connect ors
Perform ance I t em s
72
Required Perform ance I tem s ( Floor/ Roof – 4)
○
Accident al
Wet t ing
○
○
Load
Duration
○
Bond
Durabilit
y
○
Durability,
Ant i- Term it e
On- Sit e and Long- Term
Perform ance Assurance
Diaphragm Duct ilit y
Diaphragm Shear
Rigidit y
Diaphragm Shear
Resist ance
Rigidit y t o Live and Snow
loads
Resist ance t o Live and
Snow Loads
Floor
Sheathing
and Roof
Sheathing
Assum ed External Force
Perform ance I t em s
Sam pling
1) Test specimens should be collected from identifiable
populations at each stage-production so that they
appropriately represent the material properties of the
populations.
2) The number of specimens from the same samples
should be the one that can appropriately estimate the
population properties.
74
Conditioning and Testing Environm ent
Specimens should be conditioned until they
reach an equilibrium state at temperature of
20 C and 65% 5% relative humidity.
This requires that the specimens reach the equilibrium
state in a constant temperature and humidity
environment at 20 C and relative humidity 65% 5%.
Equilibrium state is defined as the case that the
change in the mass of each specimen is less than
Various Adj ustm ent Factors
Following adjustment factors should be required
Strength adjustment factors on load duration
Rigidity adjustment factor on creep
Moisture content adjustment factor
Accidental wetting adjustment factor
76
Side- Matching Test Specim ens
Panel Products
Axial Materials
Full- size specim en
· · · ·Obtain data from
side-m atching and proper speciside-m ens with extracting
m ethod and num ber of specim ens, by which no
statistically significant difference is observed
between proper and side- m atching m aterials.
Proper Specimen for Adjustment Factor
Side-Matching Specimen
Side-Matching Specimen
Proper Specimen for
Adjustment Factor
Side-Matching
Specimen
Side-Matching
Adj ustm ent Factors on Load Duration
A = Average of characteristic values from 2
side-matching specimens
Provide proper specimen with (A x Stress Level (<1))
(Stress Level 3 or more) Measure time to rupture
More than half of ruptures with stress level 1 or more
occur at duration of longer than 6 months
10 or more sets of specimens at each stress level
78
Rigidity Adj ustm ent Factor on Creep
A = Average of characteristic values from 2 side-matching
specimens
Apply stress of A x (Moisture Content Adjustment Factor) x (Load
Duration Adjustment Factor) x (2/3) to the proper test specimen
Measure deformation at 1, 5, 10 100 and 500 minutes
elapsed then every 24 hours for 5 weeks or longer
Obtain creep ratio by dividing 1-minute deformation by each
time deformation
10 or more sets of specimens
Log (Time)
50 years
Rigidity Adjustment Factor
on Creep
Categories for Application Environm ents
1)
Environments in which parts could be perpetually exposed to
moisture by being directly exposed to the outside (perpetual
moist environment) = exterior finishing materials or balconies
2)
Environments in which parts could be faced to the outside
(except parts effectively water-prevented by building paper
etc.) or parts could be exposed to moisture (except 1)).
(intermittent moist environment) = materials applied to exterior
walls or roofs without water-preventive measure such as
applying building paper
80
Moisture Content Adj ustm ent Factors
A = Average of strength characteristic values from 2 side-matching
specimens (20 2 C and RH 65 5%).
1) Materials used in perpetual moist environment: B/A
B = Each strength characteristic values at 20 2 C and RH
65 5%
2) Material used in intermittent moist environment: C/A
Adj ustm ent Factor on Accidental Wetting
A = Average of strength characteristic values
from 2 side-matching specimens (20 2 C
and RH 65 5%)
82
Bonding Durability
A =
Average of strength characteristic values from 2 side-matching
specimens
B =
Characteristic values of the proper specimens after
treatments in the table below
(smaller value in case of 2 treatments or more)
1 Time of Vacuum
Method
1 Time of Boiling Method
1 Time of
Vacuum/Pressure Method
Dry Environment
6 Times of Vacuum
Method
2 Times of Boiling
Method
2 Times of
Vacuum/Pressure Method
Intermittent Moist
Environment
6 Times of
Heating-Freezing Method
6 Times of
Heating-Freezing Method
Perpetual Moist
Environment
Composite Panel
Axial Material
Quality Control
A. Inspections for all quality standards for each
material are required whenever there is a change
in each component, adhesive type or
manufacturing condition.
B. However, other measurement methods for
typical quality standards may be used when they
can secure the quality of the building material.
84
Approvals Based on Item 2 of Article
37 of BSL
Docum ent Evaluation by Designated
Evaluation Bodies
Required data can be collected either
by in- house or by a third party
Perform ance values secured as other
than standard item s can be written in
the annexed form in the evaluation
Some other requirements of BSL
Som e lum bers shall satisfy Article 37
