iii
Maranatha Christian University
ABSTRACT
Dalam skripsi ini, saya membahas aspek permainan kata dalam sebuah novel karya Roald Dahl James and the Giant Peach dan novel terjemahan Indonesianya yang berjudul James dan Persik Raksasa. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori permainan kata dari Guy Cook dan David Crystal, dan juga teori linguistik dalam bidang fonologi, morfologi, dan semantik.
Dalam permainan kata, penulis tidak hanya bermain dengan bunyi dari kata-kata tertentu, tetapi juga dengan makna dari kata-kata tersebut. Dengan permainan kata, penulis novel/cerita dapat menciptakan humor dan membuat suatu kata/ kata-kata menjadi lebih menarik. Contoh penggunaan permainan kata dalam karya sastra dapat dijumpai dalam novel James and the Giant Peach dan terjemahannya.
iv
Maranatha Christian University
ii
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...i
TABLE OF CONTENTS………...……...ii
ABSTRACT……..………...……….….iii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background of the Study………...1
Statement of the Problem……….4
Purpose of the Study………...4
Method of the Research………...5
Organization of the Thesis………...6
CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Language Play…..………7
Theory of Translation……….13
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF LANGUAGE PLAY IN JAMES AND THE GIANT PEACH………..………….…………...17
Phonology………..………17
Morphology………..….….………37
Semantics………...41
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION……….……….54
BIBLIOGRAPHY………58
66
APPENDICES
Appendix 1
List of Data
No Data Keep
English Indonesian Form Sense
1 no swing, no seesaw, no sand pit (p. 10)
Tak ada ayunan, tak ada jungkat-jungkit, tak ada bak pasir (p. 11)
-
2 punishment and pain, unhappiness and despair (p. 23)
Hukuman dan kesakitan,
ketidakbahagiaan dan kesedihan (p. 26)
3 curses and cries of pain (p. 62)
sumpah serapah, dan seruan kesakitan (p. 74)
4 I’ve eaten many strange and scrumptious dishes (p. 71)
Aku pernah makan segala makanan (p. 85)
67 5 Like jellied gnats and
dandyprats and earwigs cooked in slime (p. 71)
Seperti jeli gnat, dandyprat, dan kuping berkutu (p. 85)
-
6 mice with rice. They are really nice (p. 71)
dan tikus tanah -amat renyah (p. 85)
-7 And scrambled dregs, and stinkbugs’ eggs, and hornets stewed in tar…. (p. 72)
Dan ampas hancur, telur kocok, dan kerbau rebus aspal…. (p. 85)
-8 pails of snails and lizards’ tails (p. 72)
seember siput dan goreng buntut (p. 85)
-
9 quack quack quacko (p. 104)
kwak-kwak-kwakau (p. 124)
10 plop plop plop plop (p. 114)
plop plop plop plop (p. 136)
11 ping ping ping (p. 114) tling tling tling (p. 136)
12 crack (p. 114) krak (p. 136)
13 To baby-sit and sing and knit and be a chaperone (p. 145)
untuk menjaga, merajut, bernyanyi dan mengawasi (p. 174)
14 ‘You’re a slitherer, that’s all you are! You just slither along!’
“Kau adalah perayap, itulah kau! Kau hanya dapat merayap!”
68 ‘I glide,’ said the
Earthworm primly. (p. 44)
“Aku meluncur,” kata Cacing Tanah berwibawa. (p. 51)
15 ‘Idiots!’ he yelled. ‘Nincompoops! Half-wits! Blunderhead! Asses! What on earth do you think you’re doing over there!’ (p. 113)
“Idiot!” si Lipan berteriak. “Otak udang! Setengah gila! Keledai! Apa yang kalian pikir kalian kerjakan di sana!” (p. 134)
- -
16 His room was as bare as a prison cell. (p. 8)
Kamar James kosong melompong seperti sel penjara. (p. 9)
17 ‘I look and smell,’ Aunt Sponge declared, ‘as lovely as a rose! (p. 13)
“Aku cantik,” Bibi Sponge berkata, “bak mawar berkembang! (p. 14)
-
18 You’re only bone and skin. (p. 13)
Kau hanya tulang melulu. (p. 14)
-
19 ‘I think you’d make. ’Aunt Spiker said, ‘A lovely Frankenstein.’ (p. 13)
“Kuyakin kau pantas,” Bibi Spiker menukas “jadi Frankenstein yang melar.” (p. 14)
- -
20 The sea is deep, cold, and hungry. (p. 59)
Laut terhampar dalam, dingin, dan lapar. (p. 70)
69 21 He is only happy when
he is gloomy. (p. 67).
Dia hanya senang jika dia murung. (p. 81)
22 The problem is there is no problem. (p. 70)
Masalahnya adalah tak ada masalah sama sekali. (p. 83)
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of the Study
It is beyond doubt that children’s world is not far from imagination; therefore, there are many authors who use their creativity to arouse children’s imagination through children’s literature (“Taiwan Literature”). However, only a few of them are expert at playing on words. Roald Dahl is undoubtedly the most successful children's writer in the world (“The Independent”).
The fact that Roald Dahl has a creative and humorous style when it deals with writing children’s books is unquestionable. His books for children such as Dahl’s second book James and the Giant Peach, which was first published in 1961, are rich in words with extra-ordinary sounds, interesting adjectives and humorous poems. These points make his books popular among young readers, and therefore arouse my interest in analyzing one of his works.
The source of my data is a novel by Roald Dahl, namely James and the
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research. I would like to analyze the Indonesian translation of language play, compared to its source text in English. It is possible that some problems will arise when readers do not use English as their primary language; therefore, the readers need the translation to understand the novel.
James and the Giant Peach is a wonderful children’s story with many
adventures and outstanding characters (“Review James and the Giant Peach”). As in many of Roald Dahl’s works, the central character is a poor and deprived child, so is with James Henry Totter as the central character in James and the Giant
Peach (“Review James and the Giant Peach”).
Roald Dahl is a British novelist, short story writer, fighter pilot and screen writer who wrote books not only for grown-ups, but also for children. Besides
James and the Giant Peach, Dahl wrote Fantastic Mr. Fox, The Gremlins, and
many other stories. Concerning his children's stories, he once said that wild exaggeration of his points was the only way to get through to children.
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read and influential writers of their generation by The Times (“Biography of Roald Dahl”).
The topic of my thesis is Analysis of the Translation of Language Play in Roald Dahl’s James and the Giant Peach. As it is defined that language play is divided into two types, namely play with language form and play with units of meaning (Cook 27) and I also want to show that Dahl is great not only in one aspect of linguistics, but also in other aspects with various devices that are related to language play; therefore, I am going to analyze all linguistics aspects that I have found in the English novel. In addition, I would like to compare various data for many devices in each aspect of linguistics in the English version to the translated version; therefore, I am not going to analyze the whole data because of the limitation of words for this thesis. I only analyze the first four data (from p. 8, the beginning of Chapter 1, to p. 145, the middle of Chapter 37) to the maximum for each device in each aspect of linguistics. However, if the data found for each device is less than four, I would analyze the whole data.
In analyzing the language play, I use a linguistic approach both in the English novel as well as its Indonesian translation to explain things related to the language play. The linguistic elements in the analysis are phonology, which deals with sounds of words; morphology, which deals with word formations; and semantics, which deals with meanings of words.
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form, which is concerned with the style or structure of the words, and the sense, which is concerned with the content or meaning of the word (Hatim and Munday 10).
By analyzing language play in Roald Dahl’s James and the Giant Peach and Its Indonesian translation James dan Persik Raksasa, I would like to give the readers a better understanding of language play found in the novel and its translation in order that they can enjoy and appreciate language play as one part of linguistic aspects. By having an understanding of language play in the novel, the readers will be able to enjoy reading it better.
For other researchers, this thesis can be used as a comparison to do a better research on a similar topic. For translators, this thesis may give information about the functions of language play found in children’s novels. The insight can help them to produce better sense and form in translating language play. By translating language play in the novel or other literary works accurately, translators can convey amusing and pleasant ideas to readers based on the source text.
(892 words)
1.2Statement of the Problem
In this thesis, I am going to analyze:
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3. Which element(s) does/do the translator keep: the form, the sense, the form and the sense, or neither the form nor the sense?
4. What is /are the effect(s) of the language play and its translation on the readers?
1.3Purpose of the Study
By carrying out the study, I intend:
1. To describe what form of the language play. 2. To show the translation of the language play.
3. To find out which element(s) the translator keeps: the form, the sense, the form and the sense, or neither of the form nor the sense.
4. To describe the effect(s) of the language play and its translation on the readers.
1.4Method of Research
I searched for some examples of famous children’s stories and chose
James and the Giant Peach and its Indonesian translation James dan Persik Raksasa as my data. I read both novels and collected data from them. I analyzed
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1.5Organization of the Thesis
This thesis consists of four chapters. It begins with Chapter One, the Introduction, which contains Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Purpose of the Study, Method of Research, and Organization of the Thesis. Next is Chapter Two, which provides the linguistic theories used as references in analyzing the language play. Then, it is followed by Chapter Three, in which I present the analysis of language play in James and the Giant Peach and James
dan Persik Raksasa. The last chapter is Chapter Four, which contains the
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CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION
After analyzing the data found in Roald Dahl’s James and the Giant Peach and its translation James dan Persik Raksasa, I conclude that forms of language play used in the two novels are almost the same. Regarding the first research question, which is related with the form of language play, I find out that there are eight forms of language play. I categorize the form of language play into three areas of linguistic, namely phonology, morphology, and semantics.
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all the use of language play with the same sense. In the last device, there is one data containing assonance, in which the translator keeps the use of language play in the form of assonance and consonance. From the analysis, I notice that sometimes the translator has to change the form of language play or use loan words in order to keep the use of language play and the effect for the readers.
The second linguistic aspect is morphology. I only found two data that deal with morphology, namely data (14) that contains affixation and data (15) that contains compounding. In the two data, the translator fails to keep the form, which means the language play is not available. In my opinion, the difficulty in keeping the use of language play is caused by different availabilities of vocabulary in both languages, as can be seen in data (14). The word slitherer is not available in English dictionaries; while the translated word perayap, which has the same meaning as slitherer, is available in Indonesian dictionaries.
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From the finding above, I conclude that language play in the novel that contains a device in phonology is easier to be translated into the same sense because the meaning usually remains the same. In addition, in order to translate language play in morphological and semantic aspects, the translator has to be more careful because it is more difficult to state the aims of the author in making the language play.
After doing the analysis, I conclude that the use of language is various in functions. Dahl shows that language is not only used for communicating with others, but also used for certain purposes. One can create enjoyment for others by manipulating language or without manipulating it. In addition, one can create humours by playing with language. From the analysis, I find that Dahl uses the language play mostly as a source of enjoyment for the readers.
Concerning translation, I conclude that the translator’s expertise will determine whether the translation is accurate and clear in order to convey the meaning and the effect of language play precisely to the reader of the translated version. As a whole, it can be concluded that the Indonesian translation of Dahl’s
James and the Giant Peach has not really succeeded in transferring the meaning
and the effect of the original text. It can be seen from several data containing language play in the original version that are not well translated, so the form and the sense are not well delivered to the readers of the translated version.
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keep the form or the sense only; and sometimes, the translator cannot keep either of them. When the translator fails to keep the form and the sense, the readers of Indonesian version will not get the effect of language play found in the English version.
For any researchers who intend to take a similar topic, I suggest to find other books by Roald Dahl because he is well-known for being creative at playing on words. However, it is still possible for any researchers to analyze this novel because there are other topics that can be used to analyze this novel, such as nonsense and name-playing. There is also a similar topic that can be used to analyze this novel, namely figurative language. There are still many data that contain figurative language that have not been analyzed because of the limitation of words. In addition, there are other sources such as newspapers, textbooks, speeches, and subtitles that can be chosen for further research because further exploration is needed to obtain more knowledge and enrich the translation research as a means of conveying information.
Personally, I am interested in the way the writer creates language play in the novel. He uses many kinds of language play that makes the novel more interesting. Moreover, I really enjoy reading this novel. Last of all, I dare say that Dahl is a great writer who is excellent at language play.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Texts
Chusfani, Poppy D., trans. James dan Persik Raksasa. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2010. Print.
Dahl, Roald. James and the Giant Peach. England: Clays Ltd, St Ives plc., 2001. Print.
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Blidir, Hata. “Biography of Roald Dahl.” Poem Hunter. N.p. n.d. Web. 11 April 2012.
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Glass, Meredith. “What’s the Purpose of Figurative Language.” eHow. Washington: Demand Media Inc., Web. 28 May 2012.
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Schultz, Barbara. “Review James and the Giant Peach.” Common Sense Media. Common Sense Media Inc., 2012. Web. 11 April 2012.
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