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M .Jacob’ sMoitvaitonf orFindingMis sPeregrine’ s . n e r d li h C r a il u c e P r o f e m o H s ’ e n i r g e r e P s s i M ’ s g g i R m o s n a R n i e m o H f o t n e m tr a p e D , m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E : a tr a k a y g o Y , n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f o y tl u c a F , n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S a y d u t s s i h
T nalyze sa nove lwirtten by Ransom Riggs ,en itlted Mis s n e r d li h C r a il u c e P r o f e m o H s ’ e n ir g e r e
P .Thi snove ltell sabou ta boy named t n e m a t s e t a s t e g b o c a J . e n ir g e r e P s s i M y b d e n w o e m o h a d n if o t s t n a w o h w b o c a J m a t s e t e h T . d e i d r e h t a f d n a r g s i h e r o f e b e g a s s e
m en tmessage tell sJacob t ha the s i h m o r F . d e t a c o l s i e m o h s ’ e n ir g e r e P s s i M e r e h w d n a l s i e h t o t o g d l u o h s s i H . e m o h t a h t n i d ri b a d n if d l u o h s b o c a J , e g a s s e m t n e m a t s e t s ’ r e h t a f d n a r g s i t I . e m o h s ’ e n ir g e r e P s s i M n i e f a s e b l li w b o c a J t a h t s k n i h t r e h t a f d n a r
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, e r o f e r e h T . d n a l s i e h t o t o g o t b o c a J s k s a r e h t a f d n a r g s i h y h w n o s a e r t n a tr o p m i s i h r o f e m o h s ’ e n ir g e r e P s s i M t u o d n if o t n o it a v it o m s ’ b o c a J t u o b a s i y d u t s s i h t . d e e n y t e f a s e r e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I are two problem formulaiton .The fris tproblem i s a
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P .Thesecond problem i swha tmoitvatesJacob f or ifnding Mis s s ’ b o c a J e b ir c s e d o t e r a y d u t s e h t f o s m i a e h t , y l g n i d r o c c A . e m o h s ’ e n ir g e r e P o c a J l a e v e r o t d n a r e t c a r a h
c b’ smoitvaitonf or ifndingMis sPereg irne’ shome. d e y o l p m e s i h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s P . h c r a e s e r y r a r b il s y o l p m e y d u t s s i h T n o it a v it o m s ’ b o c a J e v l o s o
t f or ifnding Mis sPereg irne’ shome .There are two n i d e s u e r a h c i h w s e c r u o
s thiss tudy .Thep irmarys ourceist henove lenitltedMis s n e r d li h C r a il u c e P r o f e m o H s ’ e n ir g e r e
P . The secondary source s are from e h t , y d u t s s i h t n I . s k r o w y r a r e ti l d n a s k o o b l a c i g o l o h c y s
p researcher employ s
. n o it a v it o m f o y r o e h t d n a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t y d u t s s i h
T reveal s tha t Jacob’ scharacter sare porrtayed a s cu irous , ,s u o il l e b e r , e v a r b , s u o r u t n e v d a , y k c ir t , t n e t s i s r e
p paranoid , and insane b .oy
Second research problem concern s wtih Jacob’ s moitvaiton to ifnd Mis s . e m o h s ’ e n ir g e r e
P Jacob’ smo itvaitonf or ifndingMis sPereg irne’ shomei sf o rhi s . d e e n y t e f a s o t t n a w o h w s r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f r o f s n o it s e g g u s e m o s s e d i v o r p y d u t s s i h T e h t f o s l o b m y s l u f g n i n a e m e h t e z y l a n a o t d e t s e g g u s s i tI . l e v o n e m a s e h t e z y l a n a e g a u g n a L h s il g n E r o f d e t s e g g u s s i t i , e r o m r e h tr u F . l e v o
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b Mis sPereg irne’ sHome fo rPecuila rChlidren .Nove lin imencertiakan i k a l k a n a g n a r o e
s -lak ibernama Jacob yang ingin menemukan sebuah rumah a k t a p a d n e m b o c a J . e n i r g e r e P u b I k il i
m n sebuah pesan wa isa tsebelum kakeknya i d u a l u p e k i g r e p s u r a h b o c a J a w h a b n a k a t a g n e m u ti t a i s a w n a s e P . l a g g n i n e m s u r a h b o c a J , a y n k e k a k t a i s a w n a s e p i r a D . a d a r e b u ti e n i r g e r e P u b I h a m u r a n a m r i d g n u r u b r o k e e s n a k u m e n e
m umah tiu .Kakeknya berpiki rbahwa Jacob akan g n it n e p n a s a l a i d a j n e m g n a y h a li n I . e n i r g e r e P u b I h a m u r i d a d a r e b n a m a , u ti a n e r a k h e l O . u ti u a l u p e k i g r e p b o c a J h u r u y n e m a y n k e k a k a p a g n e m u b I h a m u r n a k u m e n e m m a l a d b o c a J i s a v it o m g n a t n e t i s ir e b i n i n a it il e n e p . a y n n a n a m a e k n a h u t u b e k k u t n u e n ir g e r e P m a l a
D peneilitan ini ,ada dua permasalahan .Permasalahan pertama i d n a k r a b m a g i d b o c a J r e t k a r a k a n a m i a g a b h a l a d
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m ivas iJacob dalam menemukan rumah Ibu Peregrine .Maka ,tujuan dar i p a k g n u g n e m k u t n u n a d b o c a J r e t k a r a k n a k i s p i r k s e d n e m k u t n u h a l a d a i n i i s p i r k s . e n i r g e r e P u b I h a m u r n a k u m e n e m m a l a d b o c a J i s a v it o m n a k a n u g g n e m i n i n a it il e n e
P stud i pu tsaka . Pendekatan psikolo s gi u b I h a m u r n a k u m e n e m m a l a d b o c a J i s a v it o m i u h a t e g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d . i n i n a it il e n e p m a l a d n a k a n u g i d g n a y i s a m r o f n i r e b m u s a u d t a p a d r e T . e n ir g e r e P l u d u j r e b g n a y l e v o n h a l a d a a m a t u g n a y i s a m r o f n i r e b m u s , a m a t r e
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T Mis s
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s i H . e m o h t a h t n i d ri b a d n if d l u o h s b o c a J , e g a s s e m t n e m a t s e t s ’ r e h t a f d n a r g e h t s i t I . e m o h s ’ e n ir g e r e P s s i M n i e f a s e b l li w b o c a J t a h t s k n i h t r e h t a f d n a r g , e r o f e r e h T . d n a l s i e h t o t o g o t b o c a J s k s a r e h t a f d n a r g s i h y h w n o s a e r t n a tr o p m i i h
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c f or ifndingMis sPereg irne’ shome. . h c r a e s e r y r a r b il s y o l p m e y d u t s s i h
T Psychologica lapproachi semployed n o it a v it o m s ’ b o c a J e v l o s o
t f or ifnding Mis sPereg irne’ shome .There are two n i d e s u e r a h c i h w s e c r u o
s thiss tudy .Thep irmarys ourcei st henove lenitltedMis s n e r d li h C r a il u c e P r o f e m o H s ’ e n ir g e r e
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p researcher employ s
. n o it a v it o m f o y r o e h t d n a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t , s u o ir u c s a d e y a rt r o p e r a s r e t c a r a h c s ’ b o c a J t a h t s l a e v e r y d u t s s i h T o r u t n e v d a , y k c ir t , t n e t s i s r e
p us , brave , rebelilou ,s paranoid , and insane b .oy Second research problem concern s wtih Jacob’ s moitvaiton to ifnd Mis s
. e m o h s ’ e n ir g e r e
P Jacob’ smo itvaitonf or ifndingMis sPereg irne’ shomei sf o rhi s . d e e n y t e f a s r o f s n o it s e g g u s e m o s s e d i v o r p y d u t s s i h
T futurer esearcher swhowantt o e h t f o s l o b m y s l u f g n i n a e m e h t e z y l a n a o t d e t s e g g u s s i tI . l e v o n e m a s e h t e z y l a n a y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E r o f d e t s e g g u s s i t i , e r o m r e h tr u F . l e v o n f o s t p r e c x e e h t e s u o t m a r g o r
ii i v K A R T S B A 5 1 0 2 . n a i D a tt i g r i B , a k si r a
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H nsom Riggs ’ Mis s Peregrine’ s Home fo r Pecuila r Chlidren. , i n e S n a d a s a h a B n a s u r u J , s ir g g n I a s a h a B n a k i d i d n e P i d u t S m a r g o r P : a tr a k a y g o Y . a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U , n a k i d i d n e P u m lI n a d n a u r u g e K s a tl u k a F il u ti d g n a y l e v o n h a u b e s a si l a n a g n e m i n i n a it il e n e
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s -lak ibernama Jacob yang ingin menemukan sebuah rumah a k t a p a d n e m b o c a J . e n i r g e r e P u b I k il i
m n sebuah pesan wa isa tsebelum kakeknya . l a g g n i n e
m Pesan wasia t tiu mengatakan bahwa Jacob haru sperg ike pulau d i s u r a h b o c a J , a y n k e k a k t a i s a w n a s e p i r a D . a d a r e b u ti e n i r g e r e P u b I h a m u r a n a m n a k a b o c a J a w h a b r i k i p r e b a y n k e k a K . u ti h a m u r i d g n u r u b r o k e e s n a k u m e n e m h a li n I . e n i r g e r e P u b I h a m u r i d a d a r e b n a m
a yang menjad i alasan penitng
, u ti a n e r a k h e l O . u ti u a l u p e k i g r e p b o c a J h u r u y n e m a y n k e k a k a p a g n e m u b I h a m u r n a k u m e n e m m a l a d b o c a J i s a v it o m g n a t n e t i s ir e b i n i n a it il e n e p . a y n n a n a m a e k n a h u t u b e k k u t n u e n ir g e r e P m a l a
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E G A P L A V O R P P
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T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T
S ... iv N
A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
L PERSETUJUANPUBLIKASI ... v E
G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ... iv T
C A R T S B
A ... vii K
A R T S B
A ..............................................................................................................v iii S
T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ... ix S
T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ... iix i S
E C I D N E P P A F O T S I
L ... xv
N O I T C U D O R T N I .I R E T P A H C
.
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B ProblemFormulati on... 3 .
C Objecitve soft heStu dy ... 3 e
h t f o s ti f e n e B .
D Study ... 3 s
m r e T f o n o it i n if e D .
E ... 4
I I R E T P A H
C .REVIEWOFRELATEDLITERATURE .
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1 Psychologica lApproach ... 6 n
o it a z ir e t c a r a h C d n a r e t c a r a h C .
2 ... 7 a
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a racter... 7 n
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ii x y
d u t S e h t f o t c e j b O .
A ... 61 y
d u t S e h t f o h c a o r p p A .
B ... 71 y
d u t S e h t f o d o h t e M .
C ... 71
. V I R E T P A H
C ANALYSIS .
A TheDescirpitonofJ acob ... 91 .
1 Physica lDescirpiton ... 91 .
2 PersonaltiyDescirp itons ... 02 .
a Cu irous... 20 .
b Persistent ... 12 .
c T ircky... 22 .
d A vd enturous ... 42 .
e Brave... 72 .f Rebelilous ... 92
.
g Paranoid ... 03 .
h Insane... 13 r
o f n o it a v it o M s ’ b o c a J .
B FindingMis sPereg irne’ sHome ... 3..3
V R E T P A H
C . CONCLUSIONS ,SUGGESTIONSANDIMPLICATIONS s
n o i s u l c n o C .
A ... 8....3 s
n o it s e g g u S .
B ... 93 it
a c il p m I .
C o sn ... 0....4
REFERENCES ... 3..4 S
E C I D N E P P
ii i x
S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L
1 X I D N E P P
A :Summaryo fRansomRiggs ’Mis sPereg irne’ sHomef o rPecuila r
n e r d li h
C ................................................................................................................4 5
2 X I D N E P P
A :Biographyo fRansomRiggs ... 94
3 X I D N E P P
A :LessonPlan... 15
: 4 X I D N E P P
A Students ’Worksheets... 6....5
: 5 X I D N E P P
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of five parts. They are background of the study,
problem formulation, objectives of the study, benefits of the study, and definition
of terms. Background of the study explains the necessity of analyzing the topic
and the reasons for choosing the topic. The objectives of the study explain the
aims of this study. Benefit of the study presents the advantages and importance of
conducting this study. The definition of terms provides the explanation of some
important terms used in the study.
A. Background of the Study
Motivation can make a human do something and understand their causes or
the reasons why they do it. According to McClelland (1985), “motivation refers
on one hand to conscious intents, to such inner thought” (p. 4). From
McClelland’s statement, it can be said that people have motivation in their life.
Their motivation is their reason to do all of their activities. It is interesting to
analyze the motivation of a character in a novel.
Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children by Ransom Riggs is a fantasy
story. It tells the story about Jacob, a boy who wants to find out a home owned by
Miss Peregrine. Jacob gets a testament message delivered by his grandfather
before he passes away. Until the last breath before his grandfather died, he tells
grandfather tells Jacob that he should go to the island where Miss Peregrine’s
home is located. His grandfather said that Jacob should find a bird in that home.
He thinks that Jacob would be safe in Miss Peregrine’s home. That is the
important reason why his grandfather asks Jacob to go to the island.
Jacob is very intimate with his grandfather, therefore when his grandfather
died suddenly Jacob is very shocked. When his grandfather died, Jacob fells so
lost. Only his grandfather understands that Jacob is a peculiar child and he can see
the monsters. Jacob promises his grandfather about the reason why he should find
Miss Peregrine’s home.
Unfortunately, Jacob has nightmares when he slept. It begins after his
grandfather died. He always sees the monster which kills his grandfather in his
nightmares. His grandfather always says the same testament message in his
nightmares. His grandfather’s testament message is an unusual message. He
should go to the island and find a bird there. It makes him to be paranoid. He tries
to tell his nightmares to his parents, but they do not believe in Jacob. Finally, his
father calls a psychiatrist, Dr. Golan, in order to help Jacob’s problem. However,
Dr. Golan gives a suggestion and a permission to Jacob to go and to find Miss
Peregrine’s home.
This study will analyze the motivation of Jacob. After reading the novel, a
researcher is interested in studying Jacob’s motivation for finding Miss
Peregrine’s home. His motivation is important to be analyzed after Jacob receives
would be many factors supporting his action whether from the inside or the
outside of himself.
B. Problem Formulation
Based on the background of the study, the research questions can be
formulated into the following questions:
1. How is Jacob's character portrayed in Ransom Riggs’ MissPeregrine's
Home for Peculiar Children?
2. What motivates Jacob for finding Miss Peregrine’s home in Ransom
Riggs’ Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children?
C. Objectives of the Study
Based on the problem formulation, the first objective of this study is to
describe the character of Jacob. The second objective is to reveal the motivations
of Jacob for finding Miss Peregrine’s home.
D. Benefits of the Study
This study is to find out the motivations of Jacob for finding Miss
Peregrine’s home. There are some the benefits from this study. This study gives
the benefit for a researcher and all the readers.
The first benefit is for a researcher. By analyzing and discussing this topic,
it is useful for a researcher because she can learn some metaphors of literature
from this novel. A researcher hopes to understand the motivations of Jacob in
can reflect her own actions as to continue fighting and never give up if she has a
purpose in life.
This study can be used by the readers, hopefully they can enhance their
vocabularies and also their knowledge for learning in the field of literary works.
This study can be used as a reference in analyzing the character actor in a novel.
The last benefit can be useful for the development of the English Language
Education Study Program. This study can be one of the sources in Basic Reading I
course for the first semester students. The students can understand and enhance
their knowledge more about characterization and motivation.
E. Definition of Terms
There are three terms appeared in this study, which need to be clarified to
avoid misunderstanding between the reader and a researcher opinion, as follows:
1. Motivation
Motivation in Jung (1978), refers to “such diverse state as desire, wishes,
plans, goals, intents, impulses, and purposes” (p. 4). According to Jung (1978),
motives refer to the causes or reason that given behavior (p. 4). In this study,
motivation refers to the causes or reasons that trigger Jacob wants to find out Miss
Peregrine’s home.
2. Home
According to Klinkenborg (2012), home refers to “in humans, the idea of
home almost completely displaces the idea of habitat”
Miss Peregrine’s home. Miss Peregrine’s home which is a home (place of refuge)
for peculiar children. Actually, Miss Peregrine’s home is what Jacob wants to find
out.
3. Character
According to Abrams (1981), character as an imagined person who
inhabits a story and shows a distinctive type of person (p. 20). In this study,
character refers to the personality traits of the person in the novel. It can be known
by analyzing the personality traits of Jacob in Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar
6 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the review of related literature. This chapter
consists of two sections: review of related theories and theoretical framework.
A. Review of Related Theories
This section reviews the theories that are suitable for analyzing the work in
this study. The theories that are going to be presented in this study are: the theory
of psychological approach, the theory of character and characterization, and the
theories of motivation.
1. Psychological Approach
In analyzing a literary work, a novel for instance, a researcher could use
certain approaches as basis in understanding the literary work and it helps a
researcher to make the analysis clear and understandable.
According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971), the critical approach is
necessary in order to understand the nature, function, and positive values of
literature. There are five approaches which are the several of critical approaches,
“the formalist approach, the biographical approach, the sociocultural-historical
approach, the mythopoeic approach, the psychological approach” (p. 6).
Rohrberger and Woods (1971) state, “The psychological approach, it
involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns” (p. 13).
approach is used to explain human motivation, human personality, and human
behavior in any time or place in the literary works.
Klarer (1999) states, “A psychological approach is, however, merely on
way of evaluating characters” (p. 17).
The psychological approach is employed to analyze the novel, since the
analysis is mainly on the characters, and the motivations through the character‟s
action. This study needs the theories of human motivation. The theory helps a
researcher to reveal Jacob‟s motivation which takes his decision to find out Miss
Peregrine‟s home.
2. Character and Characterization
a. Character
Character is the most important component, besides its plot and setting of
a story. Abrams (1981) states that characters are the people in a dramatic or
narrative work who are expressed through what they say and what they do (p. 20).
In this study, characters are the people who have important role in a novel.
Klarer (1999) states, “The individualization of a character, however, has
evolved into a main feature of the genre of the novel” (p. 19). It means that each
character has different way in a story. Therefore, the way how the author tells
about the characterization of the character influence the genre of the novel.
Abrams (1981) states that the major character becomes the focus of the
events from the beginning to the ending parts. Meanwhile, the secondary character
appears in a certain setting and becomes the background for the major character
Henkle (1999) divides types of characters into “major character” and
“secondary character” (p. 88). The differences between major character and
secondary character are based on their prominence in the novel and those whose
function, as seen in the large supportive or projective (p. 88). The major character
plays most of the role in the story. Meanwhile, the secondary character has limited
function in the story.
In this study, character and its type, major or minor character, are
employed to analyze how Jacob served as the character in Miss Peregrine’s Home
for Peculiar Children.
b. Characterization
According to Murphy (1972), there are nine ways to understand the
characterization of the characters for the reader (pp. 161 – 173). Those nine ways
are as follows:
1) Personal Description
Personal description means a description of the character based on the
author‟s appearance and clothes. They can tell us the character of the
identity based on what they look. In other words, the reader can know the
details, such as the face, skin, eyes, and the clothing.
2) Character as Seen by Another
Character as seen by another means a description of the character not only
from description directly the author, but also the other characters‟ opinion.
It can be seen between one character and other characters will give a clue
means that people usually talk about his or her friends‟ character, and then
they give the opinion about them.
3) Speech
The character of someone also we know from his or her opinion or
conversation with others. In other words, the reader can know the
characterization of the character when a character speaks in conversation
with another. Then, the author can give some clues to the readers.
4) Past Life
By telling something from his or her past life, it can be as a clue for the
readers to help their understanding about a person‟s character. It means
that the author let the reader know about the characters‟ past life by giving
some clues. It can be done by the author‟s direct comment, through the
character‟s thought, conversation, or by another character.
5) Conversation of Others
The person‟s character through what the person is talking about to others
can be the clue of his/her character. The conversation of others can be
believable information about the personality of the character. In other
words, the author will give some clues about the character by showing it
through the conversation of other people or what they say about the
character.
6) Reactions
The author gives a clue to the readers by knowing the person‟s character
that the characterization of the character react towards the various
situations and events.
7) Direct Comment
The author can describe a person‟s character by telling the story directly.
The description of the character directly by the author. From the
description, the readers can understand the character well.
8) Thoughts
The author gives knowledge to the readers of what a person is thinking
about. The author can describe the person‟s character through his or her
mind. Based on his or her mind, the readers can understand the character
better. It means that the readers can know the character‟s thought, that is
through the knowledge of a person from what he or she is thinking about.
9) Mannerisms
Mannerisms mean the habits of a person‟s character. The author can
describe a person‟s habits to tell the readers about his or her character. It is
to describe the social behavior of a person‟s character.
3. Theory of Motivation
This study needs the theories of motivation as one of review literature. The
theories could help answering the second problem formulation, which is about
analyzing Jacob‟s motivation for finding Miss Peregrine‟s home in Miss
a. Definition of Motivation
Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy (1997) state that motivation comes from
Latin word “movere”, it has meaning of „to move‟ (p. 364). From that meaning,
motivation refers to factors within an individual (such as needs, desires, and
interest) that activate, maintain, and direct behavior toward a goal.
According to Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy (1997), “Research in
motivation attempts to answer the „why‟ and „what causes‟ questions about
human and animal behavior” (p. 365). It means that motivation is the study of the
“why” of behavior. In other words, motivation is a factor that makes a person to
do something to reach a particular goal. Motivation also makes a human behave in
a certain behavior. It is a process of activating, maintaining and directing behavior
toward a human‟s goal.
Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy (1997) state that there are two kinds of
motivation, namely intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is the desire to
perform an act for its own sake. Motivation is derived from the satisfaction arising
out of the behavior itself. Meanwhile, extrinsic motivation is the desire to perform
an act because of external rewards or avoidance of punishment. Motivation is not
inherent in the behavior itself (p. 377). Extrinsic rewards are used to inform or to
control the human‟s performance. Edward (1995) explains that extrinsic rewards
do not reduce intrinsic interest if they are based on competency. In fact, they may
intensify the desire to do well again (as cited in Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy,
Jung (1978) states, “motivation refers to such diverse state as desire,
wishes, plans, goals, intents, impulses, and purposes” (p. 4). Motivation affects
human behavior to reach their goal. It is a reason why motivation influences
human behavior.
b. Human Motives
Maslow says, “man is initially motivated by a series of basic needs; as
these are satisfied; he moves toward the level of the higher needs and becomes
motivated by them” (as cited in Feist and Feist, 2006, p. 278). According to
Maslow, there are some theories of the basic needs (as cited in Feist and Feist,
2006, p. 278 – P. 283). Those basic needs are as follows:
1) The Physiological Needs
It is a biological need. The physiological needs are the need of oxygen, food,
water, and a relatively constant body temperature. They are powerful needs
because if a person is not given all the needs, physiological will come in the
person's search for satisfaction. The examples of the physiological needs are
hunger, thirst, and maintenance of internal state of the body.
2) The Safety Needs
When all physiological needs are satisfied and no longer controlling thoughts and
behaviors, the need for security can become active. Adults have a little
consciousness their security needs except in times of emergency or periods of
disorganization in the social structure (such as widespread rioting). Children often
display the signs of insecurity and the need to be safe. The safety needs are to feel
3) The Belongingness and Love Needs
When the physiological needs and safety needs are satisfied, the next class of
needs for love, affection and belongingness emerge can arise. Maslow states that
people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and estrangement. This involves
both of them, receive love, affection and give a sense of belonging. The
belongingness and love needs are to affiliate with others, be accepted, and give
and receive attention.
4) The Esteem Needs
When the three of needs are catered, the esteem needs can become dominant. This
involves both of the need for one‟s self-esteem and gets respect from others.
Human has a need for a firm, based on high level of stable self and respect from
others. When these needs are catered, people feel confident and valuable as a
person in the world. The esteem needs are happen when frustration of the need,
human feel inferior, weak, helpless and worthless. The esteem needs are to
achieve, be competent, gain approval, and excel.
5) The Self-Actualization Needs
When all of the needs are fulfilled, then the need for self-actualizati
