STRUCTURE II C PPT OVERVIEW TENSES

TENSES

1. A square has four equal sides.

2. The earth revolves around the sun.



General truth

1. I usually get up at 4 o’clock every morning.

2. Ann takes a shower every day.



Habit

1. I love her.

2. She likes fast food very much.



Present Condition/Actual

1. I hope it does not rain tonight.

2. I go to Bali tomorrow morning.



Future

Adverbs:

every day, every week,

every month, at night, today, tonight,

once a week, in the morning,

generally, usually, seldom,

The Simple Present

S + V

₁

The Simple Present

1. Tom and Ann are talking and drinking in Java Café now.



Activities which are going on or

in

progress when the thought is

expressed.

1. The students are studying

English this year.



Activities in periods.

1. Is your English getting better?



Situations which are changing.

1. I’m having a test next Monday

morning.

S + am / is / are + V

_-ing



Activities which have already

Adverbs:

now, at present, at this

moment, right now, today, this morning,

The Present Continuous

S + am / is / are + V

_-ing

The Present Continuous

1. I have published my book.

2. She has finished writing her thesis.



Activities completed at any time

before the present.

1. I have never smoked.

2. She hasn’t written to me for

nearly six months.



Activities never done before.

1. Father has just arrived from the

office.

2. She has just finished reading this

new novel.



Activities just completed

The Present Perfect

S + has / have + V

₃

The Present Perfect

S + has / have + V

₃

1. George has been working here

for three years.

2. They have been studying English

in America since last year.

3. I have been waiting for you for

over an hour.

1. George has been working here

for three years.

2. They have been studying English

in America since last year.

 _{The present perfect continuous}

represents activities beginning in the

past into the future.

The Present Perfect Continuous

S + has / have + been + V

_-ing

The Present Perfect Continuous

• I typed a letter yesterday

• I met a beautiful girl last Sunday.

• The teacher taught English very seriously last week.

• Robert was in Surabaya last year.



Activities which began and

ended in the past time/past actual.

 _{America was discovered by Columbus.}  _{Bung Karno, the first president of the}

Republic of Indonesia, passed away in 1970.

 _{R. Ng. Ronggowarsito, the Javanese man}

S + V

₂

 _{I usually went to the beach in the afternoon when I was a child.}  _{When I was a child, my grandma often gave me pocket money.}  _{My friend and I usually played football during the break time}

 _{The simple past is used to talk}

about activities which began and ended in the past time. In some of its special uses, however, it is not

restricted to denoting past activities.

 _{I was studying English when Ann} came.

Past Continuous

S + was / were + V

_ing

 _{Ann had taken a bath when I came} to

pick her up.

 _{Ms. Lucy had finished her paper} when Prof. Andrew asked her to

S + had + V

₃ Past Perfect

 _{The past perfect tense is used to}

 _{Ann had been taking a bath for ten} minutes when I came to pick her up.

Past Perfect Continuous

S + had + been + V

_ing

 _{The past perfect continuous tense is used}



I will go to the cinema after the

class tomorrow.



I am going to study in Australia

S + will + V 1

S + be going to + V₁

Simple Future

The usage of WILL:

 _{To show willingness}

_{I am very tired. I will take a rest soon.}

_{I am very sleepy. I will have an early night.}  _{To offer to do something}

 _{That looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.}  _{A : “I need some money.”}

B : “Don’t worry. I’ll lend you some.”  _{To promise to do something}

_{I won’t tell Tom what you said.}

 _{To ask someone to do something}  _{Will you shut the door, please?}  _{Will you please be quiet?}

 _{To show intention.}

 _{I will finish this job by myself.}

 _{She will come and do the assignment as she promised.}

 _{To state that activities are decided at the moment of speaking.}  _{“Did you phone Ann?”}

The usage of BE GOING TO:

 _{To state arranged activities.}

 _{To state activities known before.}

 _{To state activities or actions having signs.}

_{To state activities of which the speaker is sure to}

happen.

_{Look! It’s cloudy. It is going to rain.}

_{I know that my parents are very busy now. I am going}

 _{For predicting, both WILL and BE GOING TO can be used.} _{Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself.}

_{Be careful! You’re going to hurt yourself.}

Adverbs: tomorrow, later, soon, next

1. I’ll be teaching at nine o’clock tomorrow morning.

Future Continuous

S + will + be + V _ing S + will + be + V _ing

 _{The future continuous is used to express activities}

1. I will have finished my study by the end of this month.

Future Perfect

S + will + have + V3

The future perfect is used to express that activities will have completed in the future.

Adverbs: by, by then, by the time, by the end of , before the

• Michael will have been working in the United States for five years by the end of this month.

S + will + have + been + V _ing

Future Perfect Continuous

The future perfect continuous expresses activities that begin in the future and will be going on. It emphasizes on the duration of activities that will be in progress on the time or event in the future. However, this form

would be exceeding rare.

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