CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION
This chapter presents conclusion and suggestion of this study. The conclusion is done based on the problems statement, objective, and the result of the data analysis. The suggestion is base on the significance of the study, the result of the data analysis, and the conclusion. The conclusion and the suggestion in detail are presented bellow.
5.1. Conclusion
As has been stated above that the conclusion is based on the problem statement, objective, and the data analysis. Due two the kinds of questions, there are two syntactic patterns of interrogative sentences of Lio Language, they are Yes No Questions and WH Questions. 5.1.1 The Syntactic Pattern of Yes No Question of Lio Language
Based on the result of the analysis, there are two markers of showing syntactic pattern of yes no questions of Lio Language. They are discussed below.
1. Phonological Marker
Phonological Marker of Yes/No Questions of Lio Language is shown by the rising ending intonation
2. Syntactic Marker
The Syntactic Pattern of the interrogative sentence of Lio Language are shown or marked by the order of words constructing an interrogative sentence. There are various kinds of syntactic pattern of interrogative sentence of Lio Language. The longer of the interrogative sentences is the more syntactic patterns they have. On the contrary, the shorter the sentences is the less the
syntactic pattern they have. The most syntactic pattern happens on the Question words Eo emba ‘which’ that is 12.
5.1.2 The syntactic Pattern of WH Question of Lio Language
Base on the result of the analysis, there are also two markers of syntactic pattern of WH Question in Lio Language: phonological marker and syntactic marker. They are presented in detail below.
1. Phonological Marker
The WH Questions of Lio Language are marked by the phonological marker in terms using rising-falling intonation.
2. Syntactic Marker
The WH Questions of Lio Language are marked by syntactic patterns of various kinds. 5.1.3. Question word of Lio Language
There are fourteen Question words of Lio Language. They are all shown below: Apa’what’, Sai ’who’, Eo sai ’which’, Wengi ‘when’, Sai ‘whose’, Pu’u apa/Ngai tau apa ‘Why’, Sai ‘Whom’, Pa emba/ Leka Emba ‘where’, Mbana emba ‘where’, Mai emba ’where’, Ngere emba ‘how’, Kiwa pija ‘how’, Sa’apa ‘how’, Deka pija’how’, Kilo pija ‘how’, and Leja pija ‘how’.
5.2. Suggestion
The suggestion is done based on the significance of the study, data analysis, and the conclusion. Suggestion in detail is presented below.
1. Other researches are suggested to do a study on the syntactic pattern of local languages to confirm the syntactic pattern of our local languages.
2. The governments in the central level and the regional level (provincial and regencial level) are suggested to do an effort to perpetuate local languages by preparing fund for investigating local language, base on which the local language is proposed to be included in the curriculum of all school levels the formal schools.
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Hills London New Delhi: Sage.
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Sawardo P, et al. 1984. Structure Bahasa Lio. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan Bahasa Depertemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Thomson A.J, and Martine. 1986. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford Universitssy Press. Yustin Tefa.2007. A Study on the Segmental Phonemes of Amarasi Dialect of Dawan Language
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 Curriculum Vita of the Informants
1. Name : Modesta Detu
Place of Birth : Nuakota, 22 agustus 1941
Job : Public Figure
Education : SGA
Date of Interview : 13 Juli 2011
Place of Interview : Nuakota kec.Ndona
2. Name : Didimus Dede
Place of Birth : Nuakota, 25 oktober 1944
Age : 67 years old.
Job : Farmer
Education : Elementary school Time of Interview : 15 Juli 2011
Place of Interview : Nuakota kec.Ndona
3. Name : Jamaludin Said
Place of Birth : Ende, 2 oktober 1975
Age : 36 years old
Job : Social actives
Education : Insinyur Date of Interview : 18 Juli 2011
Place of Interview : Nuakota kec. Ndona
APPENDIX 2. QUESTIONNAIRE
I. Yes /No Question 1. Kamu makan?
‘Do you eat?’ 2. Kamu makan nasi?
‘Kau ka are? ‘Ka are kau?’ ‘Are kau ka?’ ‘Do you eat rice?’
3. Kamu makan nasi kemarin? ‘Kau ka are meremai?’ ‘Ka are kau meremai?’ ‘Are kau ka maremai?’ ‘Meremai kau ka are?’ ‘Meremai ka are kau?’ ‘Meremai are kau ka?’
’Did you eat rice yesterday?’ 4. Kamu makan nasi di rumah?
‘Kau ka are ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ka are kau ghea sa’o?’ ‘Are kau ka ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ghea sa’o kau ka are?’ ‘Ghea sa’o ka are kau?’ ‘Ghea sa’o are kau ka?’ ‘Do you eat rice at home?’
5. Kamu makan nasi di rumah kemarin? ‘Kau ka are ghea sa’o meremai?’ ‘Ka are kau ghea sa’o meremai?’ ‘Are kau ka ghea sa’o meremai?’ ‘Meremai kau ka are ghea sa’o?’ ‘Meremai are kau ka ghea sa’o?’ ‘Meremai ka are kau ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ghea sa’o meremai kau ka are?’ ‘Ghea sa’o meremai ka are kau?’
‘Ghea sa’o meremai are kau ka?’ ‘Ka are kau meremai ghea sa’o?’ ‘Are kau ka meremai ghea sa’o?’ ‘Kau ka are meremai ghea sa’o?’ ‘Did you eat rice at home yesterday?’ 6. Kamu bisa makan?
‘Kau ngala ka?’ ‘Ngala ka kau?’ ‘Kau ka ngala?’ ‘Can you eat?’
7. Kamu bisa makan nasi? ‘Kau ngala ka are?’ ‘Ngala ka are kau?’ ‘Ngala kau ka are?’ Can you eat rice?’
8. Kamu bisa makan nasi kemarin? ‘Kau ngala ka are meremai?’ ‘Ngala kau ka are meremai?’ ‘Ngala ka are kau meremai?’ ‘Meremai kau ngala ka are?’ ‘Meremai ngala kau ka are?’ ‘’Meremai ngala ka kau are?’ ‘Could you eat rice yesterday?’ 9. Kamu bisa makan nasi di rumah?
‘Ngala kau ka are ghea sa’o?’ ‘Kau ngala ka are ghea sa’o?’ ’Ngala ka are kau ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ghea sa’o kau ngala ka are?’ ‘Ghea sa’o ngala kau ka are?’ ‘Ghea sa’o are kau ka ngala?’ ‘’Can you eat rice at home?’
10. Kamu bisa makan nasi kemarin di rumah? ‘Kau ngala ka are meremai ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ngala kau ka are meremai ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ngala ka are kau ghea sa’o?’
‘Ghea sa’o meremai kau ngala ka are?’ ‘Ghea sa’o meremai ngala kau ka are?’ ‘Ghea sa’o meremai ngala ka are kau?’ ‘Meremai ngala kau ka are ghea sa’o? ‘Meremai kau ngala ka are ghea sa’o?’ ‘’Meremai are kau ka ngala ghea sa’o?’ ’Could you eat rice yesterday at home?’ 11. Kamu minum?
‘Kau minu?’ ‘Do you drink?’ 12. Kamu minum kopi?
‘Kau minu kopi?’ ‘Minu kopi kau?’ Kopi kau minu?’
‘Do you drink coffee?’
13. Kamu minum kopi kemarin? ‘Kau minu kopi meremai?’ ‘Minu kopi kau meremai?’ ‘Kopi kau minu meremai?’
‘Did you drink coffee yesterday?’ 14. Kamu minum kopi di rumah ?
‘Kau minu kopi ghea sa’o?’ ‘Minu kopi kau ghea sa’o?’ ‘Kopi kau minu ghea sa’o?’ ‘Did you drink coffee at home?’ 15. Kamu minum kopi di rumah kemarin?
‘Kau minu kopi ghea sa’o meremai?’ ‘Minu kopi kau ghea sa’o meremai?’ ‘Kopi kau minu ghea sa’o meremai?’ ‘Minu kopi kau meremai ghea sa’o?’ ‘Kau minu kopi meremai ghea sa’o?’ ‘Kopi kau minu meremai ghea sa’o?’ ‘Meremai kau minu kopi ghea sa’o? ‘Meremai minu kopi kau ghea sa’o? ‘Meremai kopi kau minu ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ghea sa’o meremai kau minu kopi?’ ‘Ghea sa’o meremai minu kopi kau?’ ‘Ghea sa’o meremai kopi kau minu? ‘Did you drink at home yesterday?’ 16. Kamu bisa minum?
‘Kau ngala minu?’ ‘Ngala minu kau?’ ‘Kau minu ngala?’ ‘Can you drink coffee?’ 17. Kamu bisa minum kopi?
‘Ngala kau minu kopi?’ ‘Ngala minu kopi kau?’ ‘Kopi kau ngala minu?’ ‘Can you drink coffee?’
18. Kamu bisa minum kopi kemarin? ‘Kau ngala minu kopi meremai?’ ‘Ngala kau minu kopi meremai?’ ‘Ngala minu kopi kau meremai?’ ‘Meremai kau ngala minu kopi?’ ‘Meremai ngala kau minu kopi?’ ‘Meremai ngala minu kopi kau? ‘Could you drink coffee yesterday?’
19. Kamu bisa minum kopi di rumah? ‘Ngala kau minum kopi ghea sa’o?’ ‘Kau ngala minum kopi ghea sa’o?’ ‘’Ngala minum kopi kau ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ghea sa’o kau ngala minu kopi?’ ‘Ghea sa’o ngala kau minu kopi?’ ‘Ghea sa’o kopi kau minu ngala?’ ‘’Can you drink coffee at home?’ 20. Kamu bisa makan nasi kemarin di rumah?
‘Kau ngala minu kopi meremai ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ngala kau minu kopi meremai ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ngala minu kopi kau ghea sa’o?’
‘Ghea sa’o meremai kau ngala minu kopi?’ ‘Ghea sa’o meremai ngala kau minu kopi?’ ‘Ghea sa’o meremai
‘Meremai ngala kau minu kopi ghea sa’o? ‘Meremai kau ngala minu kopi ghea sa’o?’ ‘’Meremai kopi kau minu ngala ghea sa’o?’ ‘Meremai ngala kau minu kopi ghea sa’o?’ ’Could you drink coffee yesterday at home?’
II. WH-Question
1. Kamu makan apa? ‘Kau ka apa?’ ‘Ka apa kau?’ ‘What do you eat?’ 2. Kamu makan apa kemarin?
‘Kau ka apa meremai?’ ‘Ka apa kau meremai?’ ‘Meremai kau ka apa? ‘Meremai ka apa kau?’
‘What did you eat yesterday?’ 3. Kamu makan apa di rumah?
‘Kau ka apa ghea sa’o ? ‘Ka apa kau ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ghea sa’o kau ka apa?’ ‘Ghea sa’o ka apa kau?’ ‘What do you eat at home?’
4. Kamu makan apa di rumah kemarin? ‘Kau ka apa ghea sa’o meremai?’ ‘Ka apa kau ghea sa’o meremai?’ ‘‘Ghea sa’o kau ka apa meremai?’ ‘Ghea sa’o ka apa kau meremai?’ ‘Meremai kau ka apa ghea sa’o?’ ‘Meremai ka apa kau ghea sa’o?’
‘What did you eat at home yesterday?’ 5. Kamu minum apa?
‘Kamu minu apa?’ ‘Minu apa kau?’ ‘What do you drink?’ 6. Kamu minum apa kemarin?
‘Kau minu apa meremai?’ ‘Minu apa kau meremai?’ ‘Meremai kau minu apa? ‘Meremai minu apa kau?’
‘What did you drink yesterday?’ 7. Kamu minum apa di rumah?
‘Kau minu apa ghea sa’o ? ‘Minu apa kau ghea sa’o?’ ‘Ghea sa’o kau minu apa?’ ‘Ghea sa’o minu apa kau?’ ‘What do you drink at home?’
8. Kamu minum apa di rumah kemarin? ‘Kau minu apa ghea sa’o meremai?’ ‘Minu apa kau ghea sa’o meremai?’ ‘Ghea sa’o kau minu apa meremai?’ ‘Ghea sa’o minu apa kau meremai?’ ‘Meremai kau minu apa ghea sa’o?’ ‘Meremai minu apa kau ghea sa’o?’
‘What did you drink at home yesterday?’ 9. Yang mana?
‘Eo emba? ‘Which?’
10. Yang mana jagung kamu? ‘Eo emba jawa kau?’ ‘Jawa kau eo emba?’
‘Which one are yours corn?’ 11. Dimana?
‘Pa emba/Leka emba? ‘Where?’
12. Dimana kamu?
‘Pa emba/Leka emba kau?’ ‘Kau pa emba/leka emba?’ ‘Where are you?’
13. Dimana kamu tinggal? Pa emba kau mera? Kau mera leka emba? ‘Where do you live?’ 14. Kemana?
‘Mbana emba?’ ‘Where?’ 15. Kemana kamu ?
‘Kau mbana emba?’ ‘Mbana emba kau?’ ‘Where do you live?’ 16. Kemana kamu kemarin?
‘Kau mbana emba meremai?’ ‘Mbana emba kau meremai?’ ‘Meremai kau mbana emba?’ ‘Meremai mbana emba kau?’ ‘Where did you do yesterday?’
17. Dari mana? ‘Mai emba?’ ‘Where?’
18. Dari mana kamu? ‘Mai emba kau? ‘Kau mai emba?’ ‘Where had you?’
19. Dari mana kamu kemarin? ‘Mai emba kau meremai?’ ‘Kau mai emba meremai? ‘Meremai kau mai emba?’ ‘Meremai mai emba kau?’
‘Where had you been yesterday?’ 20. Siapa? ‘Sai?’ ‘Who?’ 21. Siapa makan? ‘Sai ka? ‘Who eat?’ 22. Siapa makan nasi?
‘Are sai ka?’
‘Who did eat rice?’ 23. Siapa makan nasi kemarin?
‘Sai ka are meremai?’ ‘Are sai ka meremai?’ ‘Meremai sai ka are?’ ‘Meremai are sai ka?’
‘Where did you eat rice yesterday?’ 24. Siapa yang kamu lihat?
‘Sai eo kau tei?’ ‘Who do you see?’
25. Siapa yang kamu lihat di pasar? ‘Sai eo kau tei ghea rega?’ ‘Ghea rega sai eo kau tei?’ ’Who do see in the market?’ 26. Siapa yang kamu lihat kemarin?
‘Sai eo kau tei meremai?’ ‘Meremai sai eo kau tei?’ ‘Who did see you yesterday?’
27. Siapa yang kamu lihat kemarin di pasar? ‘Sai eo tei kau meremai ghea rega? ‘Ghea rega meremai sai eo tei kau?’ ‘Meremai sai eo tei kau ghea rega?’
‘Who did you see yesterday in the market? 28. Kapan? ‘Wengi?’ ‘When?’ 29. Kapan kamu? ‘Wengi kau?’ ‘Kau wengi?’ ’When you?’
30. Kapan kamu makan? ‘Wengi kau ka?’ ‘Kau ka wengi?’ ‘Ka wengi kau?’ ‘When did you eat?’
31. Kapan kamu makan nasi? ‘Wengi kau ka are?’ ‘Kau ka are wengi?’ ‘When do you eat?’
32. Kapan kamu makan di warung? ‘Wengi kau ka ghea losme?’ ‘Kau ka wengi ghea losme?’
‘When did you eat in the restaurant? 33. Kapan kamu makan nasi di warung?
‘Wengi kau ka are ghea losme?’ ‘Kau ka are wengi ghea losme?’
’When did you eat rice in the restaurant?’ 34. Rumah siapa?
‘Sa’o sai?’ ‘Whose house?’ 35. Rumah siapa ini?
‘Sa’o sai na?’ ‘Na sa’o sai?’
‘Whose house is this?’ 36. Mengapa?
‘Pu’u apa/Ngai ta apa? ‘Why?’
37. Mengapa kamu?
‘Pu’u apa/Ngai tau apa kau?’ ‘Why you?’
38. Mengapa kamu menangis? ‘Pu’u pa/Ngai ta apa kau ke? ‘Ngai ta apa/pu’u apa kau ke? ’Why do you cry?’
39. Mengapa kamu menangis kemarin? ‘Pu’u apa/Ngai ta apa kau ke meremai? ‘Kau ke pu’u apa/ngai ta apa meremai? ‘Meremai kau ke pu’u apa/ngai ta apa?’ ‘Meremai pu’u apa kau ke?
‘Why did you cry yesterday?’ 40. Mengapa kamu menangis di pasar?
‘Pu’u apa/Ngai ta apa kau ke ghea rega? ‘Kau ke pu’u apa/ngai ta apa ghea rega ? ‘Ghea rega kau ke pu’u apa/ngai ta apa?’ ‘Ghea rega pu’u apa kau ke?
‘Why did you cry in the market yesterday?’ 41. Mengapa kamu menangis di pasar kemarin?
‘Pu’u apa/Ngai ta apa kau ke ghea rega meremai? ‘Kau ke pu’u apa/ngai ta apa ghea rega meremai? ‘Meremai ghea rega kau ke pu’u apa/ngai ta apa?’ ‘Meremai ghea rega pu’u apa kau ke?
‘Why did you cry in the market yesterday?’ 42. Bagaimana?
‘Ngere emba?’ ‘How?’
43. Bagaimana kamu? ‘Ngere emba kau?’ ‘How you?’
44. Bagaimana kamu hari ini? ‘Ngere emba kau leja na?’ ‘Leja na kau ngere emba?’
‘How are you today?’ 45. Bagaimana keadaanmu?
‘Ngere emba ola muri kau? ‘Ola muri kau ngere emba?’ ‘How are you?’
46. Bagaimana keadaanmu hari ini? ‘Ngere emba ola muri kau laja na?’ ‘Ola muri kau leja na ngere emba?’ ‘How are you today?’
47. Bagaimana keadaamu di Ende?
‘Ngere emba ola muri kau ghale Ende?’ ‘Ola muri kau ghale Ende ngere emba?’ ‘How are you in Ende?’
48. Bagaimana perasaanmu hari ini? ‘Ngere emba kau rasa leja na?’ ‘Kau rasa ngere emba leja na?’ ‘Leja na kau rasa ngere emba?’ ‘How do you feel today?’
49. Bagaimana kamu mencuci pakaian? ‘Ngere emba kau teba lambu? ‘Kau teba lambu ngere emba?’ ‘How did you wash the cloth?’ 50. Berapa umurmu?
‘Sa’apa umu kau?’ ‘Umu kau sa’apa?’ ‘How old are you?’ 51. Berapa banyak uangmu?
‘Sa’apa doi kau?’ ‘Doi kau sa’apa?’
‘How much your money?’ 52. Berapa jarak Ende Maumere?
‘Ende Maumere beu sa’apa?’ ‘Sa’apa beu Ende Maumere?’ ‘Ende Maumere beu kilo pija?’ ‘Kilo pija beu Ende Maumere’ ‘How far is Ende to Maumere?’ 53. (Sudah) Berapa lama di Ende?
‘Kiwa pija ghale ende?’ ‘Ghale ende kiwa pija?’
‘How long have you been in Ende?’ 54. Berapa kali kamu makan sehari?
‘Deka pija kau ka one seleja?’ ‘Kau ka deka pija one seleja?’ ‘One seleja kau ka deka pija?’
‘How many times do you eat a day?’ 55. Dengan siapa?
‘No sai?’ ‘With whom?’
56. Dengan siapa kamu pergi? ‘No sai kau mbana?’ ‘Kau mbana no sai?’ ‘With whom do you go?’
57. Dengan siapa kamu pergi ke pasar? ‘No sai kau mbana ghea rega?’ ‘Kau mbana ghea rega no sai?’
‘With whom do you go to the market?’ 58. Dengan siapa kamu pergi kemarin?
‘No sai kau mbana meremai?’ ‘Kau mbana meremai no sai?’ ‘Kau mbana no sai meremai?’ Meremai kau mbana no sai?’ ‘Meremai no sai kau mbana?’
With whom did you go yesterday? 59. Dengan siapa kamu pergi ke pasar?
No sai kau mbana ghea pasr? Kau mbana ghea pasar no sai?
‘With whom do you go the market?’ 60. Dengan siapa kamu pergi ke pasar kemarin?
‘No sai kau mbana ghea rega meremai?’ ‘Kau mbana ghea rega meremai no sai?’ ‘Meremai no sai kau mbana ghea rega?’ ‘Meremai kau mbana no sai ghea regga?’ ‘With whom did you go to the market?’
APPENDIX 2
Terjemahkan Kalimat Tanya di bawah ini ke dalam bahasa Lio! 1. Apa yang kamu makan?
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2. Apa yang kamu minum?
--- 3. Apa pekerjaanmu? --- 4. Apa kesukaanmu? ---
5. Yang mana bukunya Elfira?
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6. Yang mana ibunya Rina?
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7. Buku mana yang kamu suka?
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9. Kemana kamu pergi kemarin?
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10. Dimana Tokoh buku?
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11. Kamu (berasal) dari mana?
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12. Siapa yang melihat Elfira di pasar?
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13. Siapa yang membeli buku ini?
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14. Dimana kamu bermain?
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15. Siapa yang memukul Anjing?
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16. Kapan mereka makan?
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17. Kapan mereka tiba disini?
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18. Kapan kamu datang ?
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19. Buku siapa ini?
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20. Dengan siapa kamu pergi?
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21. Mengapa kamu terlambat?
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22. Mengapa kamu menangis?
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23. Mengapa kamu tertawa?
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24. Dimana kamu tinggal?
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25. Dengan apa Rani pergi ke sekolah?
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26. Berapa banyak uang yang kamu butuhkan?
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27. Berapa banyak orang yang tidak datang?
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28. Berapa harga sayur ini?
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29. Berapa usiamu?
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30. Siapa yang kamu lihat? --- 31. Bagaiman keadaanmu? ---
32. Bagaimana cara mencuci baju?
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33. Berapa harga baju celana ini?
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34. Berapa jarak antara Ende Maumere?
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35. Berapa lama kamu tinggal di Bajawa?
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36. Berapa kali ibu pergi ke pasar dalam seminggu?
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37. Berapa kali kamu mandi?
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38. Berapa panjang penggaris itu?
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39. Untuk siapa baju ini di jahit?
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40. Yang mana dokter yang kamu lihat?
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41. Bisakah kamu membaca buku?
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42. Bisakah kamu menulis surat?
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43. Apakah kamu seorang pelajar?
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45. Apakah kamu akan pergi ke pasar besok?
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46. Apakah kamu pernah makan buah itu?
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47. Apakah kamu pernah minum bir?
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48. Dapatkah kamu memperbaiki laptop ini?
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49. Apakah kamu bisa memasak?
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50. Apakah kamu bisa menjahit?
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