DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19
PADA PENERAPAN SAK
DALAM MENYUSUN LAPORAN
KEUANGAN
Dr. Yie Ke Feliana, S.E., M.Com., Ak., CPA, CA, CFP, CRA
Disajikan dalam acara Pendidikan Profesi Lanjutan
IKATAN AKUNTAN INDONESIA Wilayah Jatim
Efek Pandemi
Covid 19
•
Pervasive
•
Uncertainty
•
Disclosure
Imbalan Kerja (PSAK 24)
Dihantam Corona, Gaji Pegawai Garuda Indonesia Dipotong hingga 50 Persen (Liputan6.com, Jakarta )
Pemotongan gaji pegawai Garuda Indonesia ini terhitung mulai dari bulan April 2020 sampai dengan Juni 2020 dan dilakukan secara berjenjang. Adapun besaran pemotongannya ialah sebagai berikut:
- Direksi dan Komisaris sebsar 50 persen.
- Vice President, Captain, First Officer dan Flight Service Manager sebesar 30 persen. - Senior Manager sebesar 25 persen.
- Flight Attendant, Expert dan Manager sebesar 20 persen. - Duty Manager dan Supervisor sebesar 15 persen.
YIE KE FELIANA 7 Penyajian LK: Utang Jk Pendek vs Jk Panjang (PSAK 1) Kontrak dg Pelanggan (PSAK 72)
YIE KE FELIANA 8
Sumber:Keterbukaan Informasi perusahaan tercatat di BEI
Sewa (PSAK 73) Instrumen Keuangan: Liabilitas Keungan (PSAK 71)
YIE KE FELIANA 9
PSAK 8
Peristiwa Setelah
Periode Pelaporan
PSAK 8
Peristiwa Setelah Periode Pelaporan
Peristiwa setelah periode pelaporan dikategorikan:
1. Peristiwa Penyesuai:
• Informasi yg tersedia setelah tanggal laporan keuangan yang berhubungan dengan keadaan atau kejadian sebelum atau pada tanggal laporan keuangan.
• Informasi yg kemudian menjadi tersedia setelah tanggal laporan keuangan, namun mungkin dapat diantisipasikan sebagai skenario yg mungkin pada tanggal laporan
keuangan. Mempengaruhi rentang skenario yang mungkin dan probabilitas pembobotan dalam ECL.
2. Peristiwa Non Penyesuai:
• Informasi yg kemudian menjadi tersedia setelah tanggal laporan keuangan yang berhubungan dengan keadaan atau kejadian setelah tanggal laporan keuangan dan tidak dapat diantisipasikan secara wajar pada tanggal laporan
keuangan.
PSAK 8
Peristiwa Setelah Periode Pelaporan
1. Tanggal laporan keuangan 30 Juni 2020. Pd tgl 2 Juli 2020 data tentang tingkat
pertumbuhan ekonomi per sektor industri bulan Mei 2020 dipublikasikan. Pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut turun tajam, bahkan beberapa sektor ada yang minus.
Hal ini memberikan bukti tentang kondisi pada tanggal laporan keuangan sehingga
seharusnya dimasukkan dalam penilaian ECL perusahaan pada tanggal 30 Juni 2020 tsb. 2. Tanggal laporan keuangan 31 Des 2019. Pertumbuhan kasus Covid19 melesat tinggi sejak awal tahun 2020 dengan dampak negatif pada perekonomian. Pada tanggal 31 Des 2019 hanya sedikit kasus yang dilaporkan ke WHO dan belum ada bukti kuat penularan antar manusia saat itu.
Hal ini tidak memberikan bukti tentang kondisi yang ada pada tanggal laporan keuangan dan tidak ada bukti yang wajar dan terdukung yang tersedia tanpa biaya atau upaya berlebihan pada tanggal 31 Des 2019 yg seharusnya diperhitungkan dalam estimasi ECL
PSAK 8
Peristiwa Setelah Periode Pelaporan
3. Tanggal laporan keuangan 30 Juni 2020. Pada tgl 30 Juni 2020 ada laporan bahwa pemerintah akan meninjau kebijakan “lockdown” dalam waktu 3 minggu tetapi hasilnya tidak pasti. Pd tgl 21 Juli 2020 pemerintah mengumumkan relaksasi “lockdown” yang mengijinkan beberapa sektor non-utama utk membuka kembali usahanya.
Kebijakan pemerintah relaksasi “lockdown” tidak ada bukti telah ada pd tgl 30 Juni 2020. Namun adanya peninjauan kebijakan “lockdown” memberikan peluang akan kemungkinan hasil peninjauan.
Perusahaan seharusnya mempertimbangkan apakah ada informasi yg wajar dan terdukung pada tgl laporan keuangan yang menunjukkan sebuah skenario yg mungkin.
Jika ada, maka perusahaan seharusnya mempertimbangkan utk memasukkan skenario tsb dan bobot kemungkinannya pd ECL 30 Juni 2020, walaupun bukan bobot 100% pada
skenario tsb mempertimbangkan saat 30 Juni 2020 masih belum pasti.
PSAK 8
Press Release IAI
• Laporan Keuangan 2019: Pandemi Peristiwa Non Penyesuai
Annual Report PT Telkom TBK 2019 p. 439 CALK No.38 PERISTIWA
SETELAH TANGGAL LAPORAN POSISI KEUANGAN
• Asumsi kelangsungan usaha: apakah Pandemi Covid 19
mempengaruhi kelangsungan usaha setelah periode pelaporan.
Jika kelangsungan usaha diragukan – peristiwa penyesuai
PSAK 71
INSTRUMEN
KEUANGAN
PSAK 71
Instrumen
Keuangan-Classification
• Classification based on:
1. Business Model
2. Solely Payment of Principal and Interest
(SPPI)
• Classification of Financial Instruments: should
consider the impact of COVID-19 on the
classification of these assets, in particular
whether the entity’s business model for
PSAK 71
Instrumen Keuangan - ECL
Bantuan
Pemerintah
Borrower
Lender
Reduce
Credit Risk
Not Impact
Credit Risk
YIE KE FELIANA 21PSAK 71
Instrumen Keuangan - ECL
Payment Holiday
1 year for ALL
Financial
Difficulties
Temporary
Liquidity Problems
SICR
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
PSAK 71
Instrumen Keuangan - ECL
Praduga (rebuttable presumption) ada SICR ketika tertunggal > 30 hari
(PSAK 71 parg. 5.5.11)- disesuaikan dg adanya payment holiday 1 th
Praduga (rebuttable presumption) gagal bayar ketika tertunggal > 90
hari (PSAK 71 PP5.5.37) – disesuaikan dg adanya payment holiday 1 th
Bantuan dr pemerintah bisa diperlakukan:
- Terpisah
- tdk terpisah dr kredit yg diberikan: kredit baru dalam skema bantuan
pemerintah
• Perhatikan: adjusting and non-adjusting events di PSAK 8 vs ECL
forward looking di PSAK 71
PSAK 71
Instrumen Keuangan - ECL
• PSAK 71 paragraf 5.5.17(c) mensyaratkan entitas mengukur KKE dengan cara yang mencerminkan informasi yang wajar dan terdukung (reasonable and supportable information) yang tersedia
tanpa biaya atau upaya berlebihan (without undue cost or effort) pada tanggal pelaporan mengenai peristiwa masa lalu, kondisi kini dan perkiraan kondisi ekonomi masa depan.
• Expected credit loss (ECL): Pandemi Covid 19 belum ada per tanggal Laporan Keuangan 2019 31 Desember 2019 dan per tanggal awal penerapan 1 Januari 2020 shg tidak memasukkan dlm ECL • Laporan keuangan 2020?
• Apakah terjadi Peningkatan Signifikan Risiko Kredit sehingga berpindah dari tahap 1 ECL 12 bulan menjadi life time?
• the extension of payment holidays to all borrowers in particular classes of financial instruments
should not automatically result in all those instruments being considered to have suffered an SICR
• Harus dipertimbangkan apakah bisnis debitur terdampak hanya sementara dan nanti bisa segera pulih sehingga bisa memenuhi kewajiban kontraktualnya setelah selesai masa restrukturisasi sehingga tdk terjadi PSRK selama sisa umurnya.
• PSAK 71 Mempertimbangkan nilai waktu dr uang PSAK 71 paragraf. 5.5.17 (b) karena penundaan pembayaran selama masa penangguhan shg mengakibatkan kerugian
PSAK 71
Instrumen
Keuangan-Derecognition or Modification
Change Term of Debt Contract Substantial Modified Not Substantial Modified Derecognize OLDRecognize NEW Modification of OLD
Substantial:
- a quantitative assessment – 10 percent test
PSAK 71
Instrumen Keuangan
-Derecognition or Modification
Substantially Modified: an extinguishment of the original debt instrument and the recognition of a
new financial liability.
- The new debt instrument is recorded at fair value and
- any difference from the carrying amount of the extinguished liability, including any non-cash consideration transferred, is recorded in profit or loss.
- Any costs or fees incurred are generally included in profit or loss, too. [IFRS 9.3.3.2–3.3.3, 5.1.1, B3.3.6]
Not substantial:
- the amortised cost of the liability is recalculated as the present value of the estimated future rescheduled contractual cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate.
- The resulting gains(borrower) or losses (lender) are recognised in profit or loss.
- Any costs or fees incurred adjust the carrying amount of the modified financial liability and are amortised over its term.
- Subsequently, interest will continue to be recognised on the loan using the effective interest method, so that interest is still recognised during the period of the repayment holiday.
PSAK 68
PENGUKURAN
NILAI WAJAR
PSAK 68
Pengukuran Nilai Wajar
• Nilai Wajar:
harga yg akan diterima utk menjual suatu aset atau
harga yg akan dibayar utk mengalihkan suatu liabilitas
dlm transaksi teratur
antara pelaku pasar
pd tgl pengukuran.
• Asumsinya: Pasar utama atau pasar yg paling menguntungkan
• Hirarki Nilai Wajar:
Level 1: harga kuotasian di pasar aktif (tanpa penyesuaian)
Level 2: input yg dpt diobservasi, selain harga kuotasian
Level 3: input yg tidak dapat diobservasi
PSAK 68 Pengukuran Nilai Wajar
• Nilai wajar aset atau liabilitas terpengaruh jika terjadi penurunan signifikan dalam volume atau tingkat aktivitasi aset atau liablitas tsb dalam kaitannya dg aktivitas pasar normal.
• The factors that an entity should evaluate include (but are not limited to) jika terjadi penurunan signifikan dalam volume atau tingkat aktivitasi :
1. There is a significant decline in the activity of, or there is an absence of, a market for new issues (that is, a primary market) for the asset or liability or similar assets or liabilities.
2. There are few recent transactions.
3. Price quotations are not developed using current information.
4. Price quotations vary substantially, either over time or among market makers (for example, some brokered markets).
5. Indices that previously were highly correlated with the fair values of the asset or liability are demonstrably uncorrelated with recent indications of fair value for that asset or liability.
6. There is a significant increase in implied liquidity risk premiums, yields or performance indicators (such as delinquency rates or loss severities) for observed transactions or quoted prices when compared with the reporting entity’s estimate of
expected cash flows, taking into account all available market data about credit and other non-performance risk for the asset or liability.
7. There is a wide bid-ask spread or there are significant increases in the bid-ask spread. 8. Little information is publicly available (for example, a principal-to-principal market).
Jika terjadi penurunan signifikan, maka dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut. Penurunan saja tdk mengindikasikan bahwa harga transaksi atau harga kuotasian tdk merepresentasikan nilai wajar atau transaksi dlm pasar tsb tidak teratur.
Jk harga transaksi atau harga kuotasian tdk mewakili nilai wajar, maka penyesuaian perlu dilakukan, termasuk perubahan teknik
PSAK 68
Pengukuran Nilai Wajar
• Penentuan apakah transaksi teratur atau tidak lebih sulit jk terjadi penurunan
signifikan volume atau tingkat aktivitasi. Namun tdk tepat utk menyimpulkan seluruh
transaksi dlm pasar tsb tdk teratur.
• Indikasi transaksi tdk teratur:
1. Tdk terdpt ekposur yg memadai thp pasar utk periode sblm tgl pengukuran yg
memungkinkan utk aktivitas pemasaran yg lazim & umum
2. Terdpt periode pemasaran yg lazim dan umum, tetapi penjual memasarkan aset
atau liabilitas tsb kpd pelaku pasar tunggal
3. Penjual dlm kesulitan keuangan
4. Penjual dipaksa
5. Harga transaksi mrpk outlier jk dibandingkan dg transaksi terkini dr aset atau
liabilitas serupa
PSAK 68
Pengukuran Nilai Wajar
Entitas mempertimbangkan berikut ketika mengukur nilai wajar:
1.
Jk transaksi tdk teratur, maka menempatkan sedikit, jk ada, bobot (dibandingkan dg
indikasi lain dr nilai wajar) pd harga transaksi tsb
2.
Jk transaksi teratur, maka entitas mempertimbangkan harga transaksi tsb. Jumlah bobot
yg ditempatkan pd harga transaksi tsb ketika dibandingkan dg indikasi lain dr nilai wajar
akan bergantung pd fakta dan keadaan spt hal berikut: volume transaksi, keterbandingan
transaksi thdp aset atau liabilitas yg diukur, kedekatan transaksi dg tgl pengukuran.
3.
Jk tdk memiliki informasi yg memadai utk menyimpulkan apakah transaksi adalah teratur
(saat terjadi penurunan signifikan volume atau tingkat aktivasi), maka entitas
mempertimbangkan harga transaksi, tetapi harga transaksi tsb mungkin tdk
merepresentasikan nilai wajar (harga transaksi tdk selalu menjadi satu2nya dasar atau
dasar utama utk mengukur nilai wajar). Entitas menetapkan bobot yg lebih sedikit pd
transaksi tsb ketika dibandingkan dg transaksi lain yg diketahui teratur
IDX Monthly Statistics, Auguts 2020
PSAK 68
Pengukuran Nilai Wajar
• Bagaimana kondisi pasar modal di Indonesia?
• Instrument by instrument: Entitas juga harus mempertimbangkan apakah suatu
transaksi adalah teratur atau tidak untuk setiap transaksi pada level instrumen per
instrumen karena setiap instrumen dapat memiliki kesimpulan analisis yang berbeda
sekalipun diperdagangkan di bursa yang sama dengan kecenderungan umum
menurun
• Generally, there is an extremely high bar to conclude that a transaction price in an
active market (that is, a Level 1 input) is not orderly under IFRS 13. Secara implisit
terdapat anggapan yang tidak terbantahkan bahwa transaksi yang dapat diobservasi
antar pihak yang tidak berelasi adalah transaksi teratur.
Sumber: Press Release IAI
Siaran Pers OJK:
PANDUAN PENERAPAN PSAK 71 DAN
PSAK 68 UNTUK PERBANKAN DI MASA
PANDEMI COVID -19
• SP 28/DHMS/OJK/IV/2020
• PSAK 71 Industri Perbankan:
a. Mematuhi dan melaksanakan POJK Nomor 11/POJK.03/2020 dan secara produktif
mengidentifikasi debitur-debitur yang selama ini berkinerja baik namun menurun
kinerjanya karena terdampak Covid- 19
b. Menerapkan skema restrukturisasi mengacu pada hasil asesmen yang akurat
disesuaikan profil debitur dengan jangka waktu selama-lamanya satu tahun dan
hanya diberikan pada debitur-debitur yang benar-benar terdampak Covid -19
c. Menggolongkan debitur-debitur yang mendapatkan skema restrukturisasi dalam
stage 1 dan tidak diperlukan tambahan Cadangan Kerugian Penurunan Nilai (CKPN)
d. Melakukan identifikasi dan monitoring secara berkelanjutan serta berjagajaga untuk
tetap melakukan pembentukan CKPN apabila debitur-debitur yang telah
mendapatkan fasilitas restrukturisasi tersebut berkinerja baik pada awalnya,
diperkirakan menurun karena terdampak Covid -19 dan tidak dapat pulih
pasca-restrukturisasi atau dampak Covid berakhir
Siaran Pers OJK:
PANDUAN PENERAPAN PSAK 71 DAN
PSAK 68 UNTUK PERBANKAN DI MASA
PANDEMI COVID -19
• PSAK 68: pengukuran nilai wajar dari surat berharga mengingat tingginya volatilitas dan penurunan signifikan volume transaksi di bursa efek yang mempengaruhi pertimbangan bank dalam
menentukan nilai wajar surat berharga
a. Menunda penilaian yang mengacu pada harga pasar (mark to market) untuk SUN dan surat-surat berharga lain yang diterbitkan Pemerintah termasuk surat-surat berharga Bank Indonesia
selama enam bulan. Selama masa penundaan, perbankan dapat menggunakan harga kuotasian tanggal 31 Maret 2020 untuk penilaian surat-surat berharga tersebut
b. Menunda penilaian yang mengacu pada harga pasar (mark to market) untuk surat-surat berharga lain selama enam bulan sepanjang meyakini kinerja penerbit surat-surat berharga tersebut dinilai baik sesuai kriteria yang ditetapkan. Selama masa penundaan, perbankan dapat menggunakan harga kuotasian tanggal 31 Maret 2020 untuk penilaian surat-surat berharga
tersebut. Apabila dianggap kinerja penerbit surat berharga itu tidak atau kurang baik, maka bank dapat melakukan penilaian berdasarkan model sendiri dengan menggunakan berbagai asumsi, antara lain suku bunga, credit spread, risiko kredit penerbit dan sebagainya
c. Melakukan pengungkapan yang menjelaskan perbedaan perlakukan akuntansi yang mengacu pada panduan OJK dengan standar akuntansi sebagaimana dipersyaratkan PSAK 68.
PSAK 73
SEWA
PSAK 73 Sewa
Rent concession selama masa Pandemi ada 4 jenis:
1. Termasuk dalam kontrak sewa seperti telah diatur dalam keadaan force majeur:
variable lease payment yang negatif/Decrease bagi Lessee & Lessor Lessee: Lease Liability xxx
Gain on rent concession xxx
Lessor Finance Lease: Loss on rent concession xxx
Lease receivable xxx Lessor Operating Lease: Rent receivable xxx
Rent revenue xxx Rent revenue xxx
Rent receivable xxx
2. Diwajibkan oleh pemerintah/hukum: diperlakukan sama dengan rent concession yg sdh temasuk dalam kontrak sewa (PSAK 73 parg.2) variable lease payment yang negatif/Decrease bagi lessee &
lessor
PSAK 73 Sewa
3. Pembebasan pembayaran tanpa perubahan scope sewa -tidak tercantum dalam kontrak sewa,
lessor yg voluntary berikan (PSAK 71 parg. 2.1(b) derecognition lease receivable & lease liability) :
sebesar PV of forgiveness lease payment - Lessee: Lease Liability xxx
Gain on partly forgiveness lease payment xxx
- Lessor: Loss on partly forgiveness lease payment xxx
Lease Receivable xxx
4. penundaan pembayaran/deffered- reschelduled not reduced
proportional: not lease modification, because no change in the scope of lease or the consideration, but its still effect on PV of lease payment
- Lessee: Lease Liability xxx
Gain on deferral lease payment xxx
- Lessor: Loss on deferral lease payment xxx
PSAK 73
Sewa
5. Other concessions, include non proportional or change in lease term:
a. Separate lease contract (IASB document notes that a rent holiday or rent
reduction alone is not a change in the scope of a lease)
b. Lease modification: changes in lease payment and revised effective interest
rates
- Lessee: Remeasure lease liability by discounting the revised leased payments at a
revised discount rate & adjust to Right of Use Aset ((PSAK 73 parg.44-46)
Lease Liability xxx
Right of Use Assets xxx
- Lessor: a new lease (PSAK 73 parg.79-80, 87)
PSAK 73
Amendemen
If the modification accounting
applies, a lessee does not
recognise the benefits of the rent
concession in profit or loss
straight away. Instead, the lessee
will recalculate its lease liability
using a revised discount rate and
adjust its right-of-use assets.
If the modification accounting
does not apply, the profit or loss
impact of the rent concession
would generally be more
PSAK 73
Amendemen
• For lessee
• A rent holiday or rent reduction alone is not a change in the scope of a lease.
• penyewa dapat memilih untuk tidak menilai apakah konsesi sewa terkait covid-19 merupakan suatu modifikasi sewa (Paragraf 46A draf amendemen PSAK 73)
• berlaku hanya untuk konsesi sewa yang timbul sebagai konsekuensi langsung pandemi covid-19 dan hanya jika semua kondisi berikut terpenuhi (Paragraf 46B draf amendemen PSAK 73) :
(a) perubahan pembayaran sewa menghasilkan imbalan revisian untuk sewa yang secara substansial sama dengan, atau kurang dari, imbalan sewa sesaat sebelum perubahan tersebut;
(b) segala bentuk pengurangan pembayaran sewa hanya memengaruhi pembayaran yang semula jatuh tempo pada tahun 2020; dan
(c) tidak ada perubahan substantif pada syarat dan ketentuan lain dari sewa. Berlaku:
- periode pelaporan tahunan yang dimulai pada atau setelah 1 Juni 2020 - Penerapan dini diijinkan
Transisi:
- Restrospektif
- dampak kumulatif penyesuaian terhadap saldo laba awal pada awal periode pelaporan tahunan di mana penyewa pertama kali menerapkan amendemen ini
PSAK 73
Amendemen
• Accounting for changes in lease payments applying the exemption (Changes in payments that are
not lease modifications )
• If a change in lease payments does not result from a lease modification, that change would generally
be accounted for as a variable lease payment. In this case, a lessee applies PSAK 73 parag. 38 and generally recognizes the effect of the rent concession in profit or loss. For an operating lease, a lessor recognises the effect of the rent concession by recognizing lower income from leases.
• A lessee that applies the practical expedient would generally account for:
1. The forgiveness or waiver of lease payments as a variable lease payment. The lessee would also derecognize that part of the lease liability that has been extinguished by the forgiveness of lease payments.
2. A change in lease payments that reduces payments in one period but proportionally increases
payments in another (such that there is no change to the overall consideration for the lease and only the timing of individual payments changes), by continuing to recognize interest on the liability and reduce that liability for payments made to the lessor.
3. If the lease payments are reduced in one period but increased by a lower amount in a later period
(hence the total consideration is lower) the change in lease payments incorporates both a forgiveness of payments and deferred lease payments.
• The lease liability recognized by a lessee applying the practical expedient would represent the present
value of future lease payments owing to the lessor.
PSAK 73
Sewa
• Impairment of assets
- Lessee:
Finance lease: right-of-use assets (PSAK 48)
- Lessor:
Finance Lease : Lease Receivable (PSAK71 – ECL)
Operating Lease:
Investment Property – at cost (PSAK 13) AND
Lease Receivable (PSAK 71-ECL)
PSAK 48
PENURUNAN NILAI ASET
PSAK 48
Penurunan Nilai Aset
• When events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset may be
impaired at the reporting date, an entity is required to test it for
impairment even if the asset must also be tested annually for impairment
(e.g. goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets).
• Indicators of impairment include (but are not limited to):
- significant changes with an adverse effect on the entity that have taken
place during the period, or will take place in the near future in the
market or economic environment in which the entity operates; and
- extent to which, or the manner in which, an asset is used or is expected to
be used (for example, an asset becoming idle, plans to discontinue or
restructure the operation to which an asset belongs, plans to dispose of
an asset before the previously expected date)
PSAK 48
Penurunan Nilai Aset
Hal yang terpengaruh pada masa Pandemi ini:
1. Estimating cash flow utk Value in Use and Fair Value les Cost to Disposal
Two approach:
a. Traditional approach : a single cash flow projection, or most likely cash flow
b. Expected cash flow approach multiple, probability-weighted cash flow projections
2. Discount rate
3. Useful life, residual value, and depreciation method (PSAK 16)
• It includes:
- property, plant and equipment (carried at cost or revalued amount)
- intangible assets (carried at cost or revalued amount)
- goodwill
- right-of-use assets (if carried at cost) – ada yg diakui sbg Investment Property dg pilihan Nilai Wajar
- investment property (if carried at cost) – ada pilihan at cost atau nilai wajar
- biological assets (if carried at cost) – saat tdk tersedia nilai wajar yg andal
PSAK 14
PERSEDIAAN
PSAK 14
Persediaan
• Inventory write-downs could be due to:
- reduced movement in inventory,
- lower commodity prices, or
- Inventory obsolescence due to lower than expected sales.
• Pengukuran Persediaan: LCNVR
• NRV= the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of
completion and sale
- Estimated selling prices may fluctuate due to changes in customer demand.
- Estimated costs to complete may change due to increases in the cost of materials or labour.
• IAS 2, ‘Inventories’, requires fixed production overheads to be included in the cost of inventory
based on normal production capacity (standard costing).
• Production level abnormally low: Unallocated Fixed Overhead: recognised in profit or loss in the
period in which they are incurred yaitu dimasukkan dalam Beban Pokok Penjualan (PSAK 14
parg. 38).
PSAK 16
PSAK 16
Aset Tetap
• requires depreciation to continue to be charged in the income statement while an asset is
temporarily idle.
Assets
Iddle
Depreciation
???
Changes
Method
YIE KE FELIANA 53PSAK 16
Aset Tetap
• As a result of COVID-19, many territories have imposed restrictions on operations, including a
restriction on the construction of property, plant and equipment (‘PP&E’) and investment
property. Entities might continue to incur costs in relation to the construction, even though
construction might be limited or suspended. Entities might continue construction and incur
additional costs due to restrictions and/or health and safety compliance. These costs might be
incurred internally (for example, salaries of project managers) and/or externally (for example,
on-charge by contractors as allowed by the construction contract).
• Paragraph 16 of IAS 16 and paragraph 21 of IAS 40 discuss the cost elements of PP&E and
investment property, respectively. Both standards require entities to capitalise purchase price
and expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition/construction of assets.
• Paragraph 22 of PSAK 16 and paragraph 23 of PSAK 13 further require entities to expense, as
PSAK16
Aset Tetap
Applying these principles to both acquired and self-constructed assets, entities might
capitalise the following costs, among others:
1. certain project management costs relating to originally planned activities that are not
impacted by the lockdown if they remain directly attributable to the asset being
constructed; and
2. additional labour costs incurred to complete the construction that are required to comply
with ongoing health and safety requirements in that territory.
Entities should not capitalise the following costs, among others:
1. errors (such as design errors);
2. storage and leasing costs of certain equipment located at construction sites that continue
to be incurred during the lockdown period while construction is paused, since they are no
longer directly attributable; and
3. additional indirect labour costs incurred to comply with ongoing health and safety
requirements where management concludes that these costs are not specifically related
to the asset construction but are instead part of the cost of doing business (that is,
PSAK 26
BIAYA PINJAMAN
PSAK 26
Biaya Pinjaman
• a company capitalises borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of
a qualifying asset – i.e. one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.
• the capitalization of interest to be suspended when development of an asset is suspended.
The COVID-19 conditions and associated lockdowns and/or restrictions are not considered to be a necessary part of the process of getting an asset ready for its intended use or sale. Nor is the COVID-19-related cessation of activities
considered necessary during the construction period of an asset.
• However, the term ‘activities’ does encompass more than physical construction of the asset. Where substantial
technical and administrative work is carried out, capitalisation of borrowing costs should continue, even if physical construction has ceased.
• A company continues to capitalise borrowing costs if:
1. the interruption is for only a short duration;
2. it continues to perform substantial administrative or technical work; or
3. it can demonstrate that the interruption is due to a common external event or is a typical part of the process.
Renegotiation of borrowings: modifications to financial liabilities that are agreed with lenders may lead to
adjustments to interest expense that affect the amount of eligible borrowing costs to be capitalised
Pembangunan Berhenti
Beban Bunga???
PSAK 2
LAPORAN
ARUS KAS
PSAK 2
Laporan Arus Kas
• Setara kas: short-term highly liquid investments that are readily
convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an
insignificant risk of changes in value.
• Management should consider whether investments previously
classified as cash equivalents continue to meet the definition in light
of these declines in value and/or restrictions on redemption.
PSAK 72
PENDAPATAN
DARI
KONTRAK
DENGAN
PELANGGAN
PSAK 72
Pendapatan dari Kontrak dg Pelanggan
Collectability Adjustment Transaction Price Variabel Consideration PSAK 72 Credit Risk PSAK 71 an increase in expected returns,
additional price concessions, reduced volume discounts, penalties for late deliver, extended payment terms,
extensions of loyalty programs, opportunities to terminate
agreements without penalty, revisions to purchase
commitments
PSAK 72
Pendapatan dari Kontrak dg Pelanggan
• Imbalan variable (paragraph 50-54): diestimasikan dengan
1. Nilai ekspektasian: jumlah probabilitas tertimbang dalam kisaran jumlah imbalan yang mungkin ada 2. Jumlah yang paling mungkin: jumlah tunggal yang paling mungkin dalam kisaran jumlah imbalan yg mungkin terjadi
• An amount may be deemed uncollectible for several reasons: - credit risk: Impairment Loss “provision for bad debt or
- adjustments in the transaction price (e.g. price concessions, rebates, discounts): reduction of
revenue
While differentiating between credit risk and adjustments in the transaction price may not affect the overall outcome of the collectability analysis (and thus the estimated value of accounts receivable), the presentation of such amounts could differ significantly (i.e. impairment loss vs. reduction of revenue) along with the related disclosure requirements depending on the deemed underlying cause (e.g. credit risk vs. price concession) of the collectability concern.
PSAK 72
Pendapatan dari Kontrak dg Pelanggan
• Karena Covid 19 ada tambahan biaya (seperti tambahan biaya tenaga
kerja krn tambahan jam kerja utk menjaga physical distancing, atau
biaya lain utk menyesuaikan peraturan kesehatan dan keselamatan
kerja: masker, wastafel, disinfektan) yang diperlukan utk melakukan
pekerjaan konstruksi setelah lockdown. Biaya ini tidak diantisipasikan
sebelum pandemi Covid 19 dan kemungkinan besar tidak termasuk dlm
perhitungan kontrak.
• Jika nilai kontrak tdk berubah, biaya tambahan ini memenuhi kewajiban
pelaksanaan shg masuk dlm perhitungan cost-to-cost method
(pembilang dan penyebut).
PSAK 61
AKUNTANSI HIBAH
PEMERINTAH DAN
PENGUNGKAPAN
PSAK 61 Akuntansi Hibah Pemerintah
dan Pengungkapan Bantuan
Pemerintah
• Hibah pemerintah: bantuan oleh pemerintah
- dlm bentuk pengalihan sumber daya kpd entitas: dlm bentuk penerimaan aset atau pengurangan kewajiban, cara bantuan itu diterima tdk mempengaruhi akuntansi
- sbg imbalan atas kepatuhan entitas di masa lalu atau masa depan - sesuai dg kondisi tertentu yg berkaitan dg aktivitas operasi entitas tsb Pengakuan saat:
- Terdapat keyakinan yg memadai bahwa entitas akan mematuhi kondisi yg melekat pd hibah - Hibah akan diterima
Bukan Hibah: Bantuan pemerintah yg tdk memiliki nilai yg memadai bg entitas dan transaksi dg pemerintah yg tdk dpt dibedakan dr transaksi perdagangan normal entitas
Contoh: pemerintah mengumumkan penurunan tarif PLN kepada semua entitas
PSAK 61 Akuntansi Hibah Pemerintah
dan Pengungkapan Bantuan
Pemerintah
• 6 Langkah:
1. Tentukan apakah relief program termasuk dlm hibah pemerintah PSAK 61?
2. Tentukan apakah entitas menerima hibah pemerintah ataukah fasilitas untuk mentransfer relief tsb ke entitas akhir sbg agen pemerintah?
3. Pertimbangkan kapan entitas menerima hibah memenuhi kriteria pengakuan di PSAK 61 4. Identifikasikan beban atau kerugian ekonomi apa dikompensasikan dg hibah tsb dan
pertimbangkan bgm beban atau kerugian ekonomi tsb diakui sesuai PSAK terkait
5. Akuilah hibah dalam laporan laba rugi dg cara yg me-matching-kan pola pengakuan terkait beban atau kerugian ekonomi
6. Pertimbangkan penyajian penghasilan hibah: apakah disajikan kotor atau bersih atas pengeluaran sesuai pilihan kebijakan akuntansi yg tersedia di PSAK 61
PSAK 61 Akuntansi Hibah Pemerintah
dan Pengungkapan Bantuan
Pemerintah
• Siapa penerima Hibah? CONTROL
• Jika perantara mengendalikan hibah sebelum ditransfer ke pihak akhir : perantara yg memperoleh hibah dr pemerintah, shg perantara yg menerapkan PSAK 61.
• Sebaliknya: perantara tdk menerapkan PSAK 61,
tetapi tetap mengakui aset atas apa yg diterimanya dan kewajiban atas apa yg hrs diserahkan kpd pihak akhir sesuai PSAK terkait.
Faktor yg dipertimbangkan jk perantara mengendalikan hibah sebelum ditransfer ke pihak akhir: 1. Apakah perantara memiliki diskresi atas siapa pihak akhir yg akan menerima relief?
2. Apakah perantara memiliki diskresi atas seberapa besar nilai yg akan ditransfer dan cara men-transfer nya ke pihak akhir?
3. Apakah perantara memiliki diskresi atas waktu utk mentransfer relief ke pihak akhir?
4. Apakah perantara menginisiasi aplikasi permohonan relief atau apakah aplikasi ini ditentukan oleh pihak akhir?
PSAK 57
PROVISI, LIABILITAS
KONTIJENSI DAN
ASET KONTIJENSI
PSAK 57
Provisi, Liabilitas Kontijensi & Aset Kontijensi
• Provisi: liabiitas yg waktu dan jumlahnya belum pasti
• In a difficult economic environment and facing difficulties in obtaining financing, an entity may be considering or implementing
restructuring plans such as the sale or closure of part of its businesses or the downsizing (temporarily or permanently) of operations.
• a restructuring provision be recognized if both criteria are met:
1. The entity has a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and
2. has raised a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry out the restructuring by starting to implement that plan or announcing its main features to those affected by it.
• only direct costs arising from the restructuring – e.g. employee termination benefits and consulting fees that relate directly to
the restructuring, onerous contract provisions, contract termination costs and expected costs from when operations cease until final disposal. [PSAK 57 Parg.80]
• Costs associated with ongoing activities are not included in restructuring provisions. For example, the costs of retaining or
relocating employees, administration or marketing costs and investment in new systems are not recognised as part of a restructuring provision. [PSAK 57 Parg 80]
• Any part of the business is available for immediate sale in its present condition and completion of such a sale within one year is
highly probable. If so, the assets and liabilities to be disposed of are classified as held for sale and written down to their fair value less costs to sell if this is lower than their carrying amount (PSAK 58 Aset Tidak Lancar yg Dikuasai untuk Dijual dan Operasi yg Dihentikan)
PSAK 57
Provisi, Liabilitas Kontijensi & Aset Kontijensi
• Onerous contracts
Onerous contracts are those contracts for which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it.
Unavoidable costs under a contract are the least net cost of exiting the contract (that is, the lower of the cost
to exit or breach the contract and the cost of fulfilling it).
Such contracts might include, for example,
1. Supply contracts that the entity is unable to fulfil because of the virus. 2. Revenue contracts containing penalties for late or non-delivery.
3. Increased costs of fulfilling a customer contract due to the replacement of staff who are infected, subject to quarantine or are otherwise restricted from travel; or having to purchase alternative raw materials at a higher price.
4. Contracts for delivery of services in the education or tourism sectors which oblige entities to provide services to smaller groups than is economically viable.
PSAK 57
Provisi, Liabilitas Kontijensi & Aset Kontijensi
• Penggantian
• One of the steps taken to control the spread of the virus is to require some businesses to close temporarily.
An entity might have business continuity insurance and be able to recover some or all of the costs of closing. Management should consider whether the losses arising from COVID-19 are covered by its insurance policies.
• The benefit of such insurance is recognized when the recovery is virtually certain. This is typically when the
insurer has accepted that there is a valid claim and management is satisfied that the insurer can meet its obligations.
• Pengakuan:
1. Jika entitas akan tetap bertanggungjawab saat pihak ketiga tdk membayar: - Provisi atas seluruh liabilitas
- Aset atas penggantian yg diharapkan dr pihak ketiga (saat pasti dan nilai max. sebesar provisi) 2. Jika entitas tdk mempunyai kewajiban utk mengganti saat pihak ketiga tdk membayar:
PSAK 24
IMBALAN
KERJA
PSAK 24 Imbalan Kerja
many companies have taken in response to the pandemic include implementing the terms of an existing termination plan, granting furloughs or temporary layoffs, offering one-time employee termination or relocation benefits, providing compensated absences, or a combination of these or different benefits and plans.
Management should also consider whether it has a legal or constructive obligation to its employees in connection with the virus (for example, sick pay or payments to employees that self-isolate) for which a liability should be recognized in accordance with the guidance in PSAK 24.
Management might be considering reducing its workforce as a result of the virus. PSAK 24 requires a liability for employee termination to be recognized only when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits, or the costs of a related restructuring are recognized in accordance with PSAK 57.
PSAK 53
PEMBAYARAN
BERBASIS SAHAM
PSAK 53
Pembayaran berbasis
Saham
• Management should consider whether any of the
assumptions used to measure employee benefits
and share-based payments should be revised.
• Management should be aware that cancelling a
share-based payment award, even if the vesting
conditions are unlikely to be satisfied, results in
immediate recognition of the remaining expense.
PSAK 46
PAJAK
PENGHASILAN
PSAK 46
Pajak Penghasilan
• Tarif pph badan turun berpengaruh pada DTA dan DTL
• Perpu 1 Tahun 2020 pemerintah telah menurunkan tarif pajak penghasilan badan dari sebelumnya sebesar 25 persen menjadi 22 persen untuk tahun-tahun pajak 2020 dan 2021, dan
menjadi 20 persen mulai tahun pajak 2022.
• Entities will need to assess their ability to realise DTAs before
they expire.
Current and forecasted future losses, particularly those that result in a cumulative loss or the expectation of a cumulative loss, may significantly impair an entity’s ability to use DTAs and, therefore, prevent the recognition of part or all of the DTAs.
• Management should disclose any significant judgements and
estimates made in assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, in accordance with IAS 1.
PSAK 1
PENYAJIAN LAPORAN
KEUANGAN
PSAK 1
Penyajian Laporan Keuangan
Current Liabilities? Non Current
Liabilities? OR
Breach Debt Convenant
PSAK 1
Penyajian
Laporan
Keuangan
• The financial impact of the virus might cause some entities to breach
covenants on borrowings, or it might trigger material adverse change
clauses. This could result in loan repayment terms changing and some loans becoming repayable on demand. Management should consider whether the classification of loans and other financing liabilities between non-current and current is affected and, in extreme situations, whether the entity remains a going concern.
• If a breach occurs on or before the end of the reporting date and the breach
provides the lender with the right to demand repayment within 12 months of the reporting date, the liability should be classified as current in the
entity’s financial statements in the absence of any agreements made prior to the reporting date that give the entity a right to defer payment beyond 12 months after the reporting date.
• In contrast, a breach of loan covenants after the reporting date is a
non-adjusting event that should be disclosed in the financial statements if the information is material. A breach after the reporting date could also affect the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.
• Management should consider the specific requirements in IAS 1 to disclose
significant accounting policies, the most significant judgements made in applying those accounting policies, and the estimates that are most likely to result in an adjustment to profits in future periods
PSAK 1
Penyajian
Laporan
Keuangan
• Laporan Laba Rugi dan Penghasilan
Komprehensif Lain
decrease in entities’ profitability due to lower
revenue and/or the continuance of salaries
and other expenses while operations are
closed or curtailed.
• PSAK 1 Parg. 85 memperbolehkan
memisahkan dan penambahan baris, judul
atau sub total jk penyajian tsb relevan utk
memahami kinerja keuangan entitas: Jk Item
terkait Covid 19 exceptional dan material.
• Atau dijelaskan di CALK: utk menjelaskan
pengaruh dr Covid 19
(lebih sesuai ini sebab
dampak Covid 19 pervasive)
PSAK 1
Penyajian
Laporan
Keuangan
• The potential prolonged disruption caused by COVID-19 may
raise concerns about whether an entity is able to continue as a going concern for at least 12 months from the
reporting date, taking into account the information available up to the date the financial statements are authorized for issue.
• Entities will need to consider the following among other
factors:
- Changes in forecast results
- Potential liquidity and working capital shortfalls - Their ability to access capital
- Contractual obligations
- Diminished demand for products and services
- Plans to mitigate the negative impacts on its business - Potential government assistance
PSAK 3
LAPORAN
KEUANGAN
INTERIM
PSAK 3
Laporan
Keuangan
Interim
• Many entities might first report the impact
of the virus in interim financial statements.
The recognition and measurement guidance
described above applies equally to interim
financial statements.
• Kebijakan akuntansi harus sama dengan
laporan keuangan tahunan
• Perhatikan untuk Impairment Goodwill:
apakah terjadi pemanen atau hanya di
periode interim, yg akhir periode akan
kembali membaik. Impairment Goodwill
tidak dapat di reverse
Referensi
• IAI, PRESS RELEASE – DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP PENERAPAN PSAK 68
PENGUKURAN NILAI WAJAR
• IAI, PRESS RELEASE – DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP PENERAPAN PSAK 8
PERISTIWA SETELAH PERIODE PELAPORAN DAN PSAK 71 INSTRUMEN KEUANGAN
• IAI, Amendamen Draft Exposure PSAK 73
• PWC, March-June 2020, Accounting implications of the effects of coronavirus • Deloitte, March-June 2020, IFRS in Focus: Accounting Considerations Related to
Coronavirus Disease 2019
• KPMG,March-June 2020, Covid 19 Financial Reporting • IFRS, 27 March 2020, IFRS 9 and Covid 19
