DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE LOCATION-AWARE WIND AND SOLAR WEATHER STATION WITH WIRELESS MONITORING ON ANDROID PLATFORM

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By

Jimmy Kurnia Setiawan 11112004

BACHELOR‘S DEGREE in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING – MECHATRONICS CONCETRATION FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY EduTown BSD City

Tangerang 15339 Indonesia

August 2016

Revision after the Thesis Defense on 27^th July 2015

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Jimmy Kurnia Setiawan STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.

Jimmy Kurnia Setiawan

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Student Date

Approved by:

Ir. Arko Djajadi, M.Sc., Ph.D

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Thesis Advisor Date

Cepi M. Hanafi, MT

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Thesis Co-Advisor Date

Dr.Ir.Gembong Baskoro,M.Sc.

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Dean Date

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Jimmy Kurnia Setiawan ABSTRACT

Design and Development of Portable Location-aware Wind and Solar Weather Station With Wireless Monitoring on Android Platform

By

Ir. Arko Djajadi, M.Sc., Ph.D, Advisor Cepi M. Hanafi, MT, Co-Advisor

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERISTY

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a system for cost efficient and practical evaluation of the potential availability of wind/solar energy in selected locations of interest for hybrid power generation. The system ability includes monitoring the speed and direction of the wind and measuring the temperature and humidity to evaluate wind potential energy over time. The system will also be able to measure and monitor the potential energy of solar irradiation over time. The system will be mounted with GPS and a real time clock so the data can be seen from a specific place, with minimum user intervention. Together with GPS data, all measured values are crucial in determining the suitability of selected locations for investing in hybrid wind-solar power generation. The data will be uploaded onto the website and the data can be seen in the android smart phone for longer term monitoring.

Keywords: Weather Station, Wind Energy, GPS, Hybrid Power Generation, and Data Logger.

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Jimmy Kurnia Setiawan DEDICATION

I dedicate this work to my family, friends, teachers, and to all the people who supported me.

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Jimmy Kurnia Setiawan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, I would like to give thanks to God who always stands beside me for blessing and wisdom during this thesis work.

I am very grateful for my family who always supports me during my thesis work.

The author thanks to Ir. Arko Djajadi, M.Sc., Ph.D for the guidance and advice in solving problems of this thesis. The author also want to say thanks to Cepi M. Hanafi, MT, for the help in mechanical development and solving problems, and also to Erikson F. Sinaga, ST, M.Kom, for the help in electrical. Many thanks to other people who helped me during the thesis work.

Thank you to Antonius Alex, Fernando Yoserizal, Michael Andika, and Tommy Renaldo for being trusted companions and helping me solve many problems.

Last but not least, many thanks to Mechatronics batch 2012 for being the best classmates and supporting me throughout the years.

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Jimmy Kurnia Setiawan TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR ... 2

ABSTRACT ... 3

DEDICATION ... 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... 7

LIST OF FIGURES ... 10

LIST OF TABLES ... 11

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ... 12

1.1 Background... 12

1.2 Thesis Purpose ... 13

1.3 Thesis Problems... 13

1.4 Thesis Scope ... 13

1.5 Thesis Limitation ... 14

1.6 Thesis Structure ... 14

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW ... 15

2.1 Weather Station... 15

2.2 Weather Parameters Measurement ... 16

2.2.1Wind Direction... 16

2.2.2Wind Speed ... 17

2.2.3Solar Irradiation ... 18

2.2.4 Temperature ... 18

2.2.5 Humidity ... 18

2.2.5.1 Absolute Humidity ... 19

2.2.5.2 Relative Humidity ... 19

2.2.5.3 Specific Humidity ... 19

2.2.6 Location and Time ... 20

2.3 Sensing Element in Weather Station ... 20

2.3.1Wind Direction Sensor ... 20

2.3.2Wind Speed Sensor ... 21

2.3.2.1 Cup Anemometer ... 21

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2.3.2.3 Laser Doppler Anemometer ... 23

2.3.2.4 Sonic Anemometer ... 24

2.3.3Solar Irradiation Sensor (Pyranometer) ... 24

2.3.4Temperature and Humidity Sensor ... 26

2.4 Internet of Things ... 26

2.5 Data Logger and Analysis ... 27

2.6 Analog Digital Converter (ADC) ... 28

2.6.1 Flash ADC ... 28

2.6.2 Dual Slope ADC ... 28

2.6.3 Sigma Delta ADC ... 28

2.6.4 Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADC ... 28

CHAPTER 3 – Methodology ... 30

3.1 System Overview ... 30

3.2 Electrical System Design ... 32

3.2.1 Sensors and Signal Conditioning ... 32

3.2.1.1 Wind Direction Sensor ... 33

3.2.1.2 Wind Speed Sensor ... 35

3.2.1.3 Solar Radiation Sensor ... 36

3.2.1.4 Temperature and Humidity Sensor ... 39

3.2.2 Time and Location ... 42

3.2.2.1 Real Time Clock ... 42

3.2.2.2GPS Ublox NEO-6M ... 42

3.3.3 Processing Unit with Arduino Mega 2560 ... 43

3.3.4 Battery 12 V for Power Source ... 44

3.3.5 Data Communication and Display ... 45

3.3.5.1 SIM 900 GSM/GPRS Shield ... 45

3.3.5.2 LCD I2C... 46

3.3.5.3 Battery Monitoring... 46

3.3.6 Electrical Wiring Diagram ... 47

3.3 Software Design ... 48

3.3.1 Microcontroller Programming ... 48

3.3.2 Website Selection ... 49

3.3.3 Android Application ... 50

3.4 Mechanical Design and Assembly ... 51

CHAPTER 4 Result & Discussion ... 55

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4.2 Wind Speed Measurement ... 58

4.3 Wind Direction Measurement ... 60

4.4 Solar Radiation Measurement ... 62

4.5 Temperature Measurement ... 65

4.6 Battery Monitoring... 66

4.7 Data View ... 68

Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation ... 72

5.1 Conclusion ... 72

5.2 Recommendation ... 72

GLOSSARY ... 73

REFERENCES ... 74

APPENDIX A – ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAM AND SCHEMATIC ... 76

A.1 Arduino Mega 2560 Schematic ... 76

A.2 Ublox NEO-6M Schematic ... 77

A.3 SIM 900 GPS/GPRS Shield Schematic ... 78

A.4 LCD I2C Schematic ... 79

APPENDIX B – DATA SHEET... 80

B.1 LM 358 ... 80

B.2 Arduino Mega 2560 ... 84

B.3 ATMega 2560 ... 88

B.4 SIM 900 GPS/GPRS Module ... 90

B.5 OH090U ... 91

APPENDIX C – BILL OF MATERIAL ... 101

APPENDIX D – PROGRAM SOURCE CODE ... 102

D.1 Arduino Mega Microcontroller Board Program... 102

CURRICULUM VITAE ... 110