Moralitas dalam Dunia yang Anarki: Bantuan Luar Negeri dalam Perspektif Konstruktivisme1
Mohamad Rosyidin
Abstrak
The enduring debate about states motivation giving foreign aid has been splitted into two standpoints: national interest and ethical interest. Adherents of national interest argument represented by realist insist that foreign aid is an instrument of foreign policy to achieve greater national gain. They argue that there is no moral obligation for the rational state. Meanwhile, adherents of ethical interest represented by liberalist see that there always be moral basis in foreign aid. States have social responsibility to others dealing with any problems. Other scholarship criticizes the practice of foreign aid as a tool of exploitation from capitalist state to developing countries. Marxist asserts that foreign aid embodies ideological bias to keep on exploitation survive. The aim of this article is to explain foreign aid from the moral perspective. This article affirmed ethical interest argument that in the anarchic world politics, morality exists. Rather than agree with liberalist philosophical-based explanation, this article used constructivism that highlight international norms which constitute states interest and provide preferences in foreign aid practice. Two short case studies analysed showed that international norms shape ethical interest to help others. States become altruist due to norms acknowledgment. Foreign aid reflect moral obligation of states obeying norms.
Kata-kata kunci: bantuan luar negeri, moralitas negara, konstruktivisme, norma internasional
