THE INFLUENCE OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING MODEL WITH
WEB-BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENT’S
ACHIEVEMENT ON THE LEAR NIN G OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
By: Rayhan Jamilah Reg. Number 4103332023
Bilingual Chemistry Education Program
THESIS
Submitted to fulfill the requirement for getting the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful
Alhamdulillah, all praises be to Allah –The God who teaches us with pen and teaches human being of what they do not know- for the strengths and His blessing
in completing this thesis. This thesis appears in its current due to the assistance and guidance of several people. I would therefore like to offer my sincere thanks to all of them.
Special appreciation goes to my supervisor, Drs. Eddyanto, Ph.D for his supervision and constant support. His valuable help of constructive comments and suggestion in the complete this thesis. Not forgotten, my appreciation to my examiners, Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si, Dr. Simson Tarigan, M.Pd, and Drs. Rahmat, M.Si for their advice, guidance, and suggestions in completing this thesis.
I would like to express my appreciation to the Dean of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Prof. Drs. Motlan, M.Sc, Ph.D, to the Head of Chemistry Department, Drs. Jamalum Purba, M.Si, to Head of Chemistry Education Department, Dra. Ani Sutiani, M.Si, to Secretary of Bilingual Program, Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si, to Office Staff of Bilingual Program, Mr. Sam for their support and help towards my undergraduate affairs.
My sincere appreciation to Headmaster of MAN 1 Medan, H. Ali Masran Daulay, S.Pd, M.A, and to Chemistry teacher, Mardiani Pane, S.Pd who help a lot
during research in completing this thesis.
My deepest gratitude goes to my beloved parents; Mr. H. Abdar Lubis and
Sincere thanks to my best friends in CESP 2010, especially to Debby Suci Martalina, Yasir Arafat Hutapea, Wika Prayogi, Cici Purnama Sari, Melisa Sipayung, Lina Marwiya, Rabiah Afifah Daulay, Rudi Purwanto, and others for their kindness and moral support during my study. Thanks for the friendship and
memories.
The last but not the least, thanks to Mrs. Suharni, SH as my lovely “bunda” and all my friends for a nice friendship and life learning during PPLT 2013 in SMAN 1 Tebing Tinggi.
Without the help of those who participated in this thesis, this study would have not been possible to carry out. I thank all the participants for their assistance. My deepest appreciation and gratitude to each and every person, who in some way or the other assisted me in making this thesis a reality.
Finally, I hope this thesis would be useful for those who would like to explore more about Project Based Learning Model, especially dor the students of Chemistry Education Department. I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect therefore; constructive comments and suggestions are needed for the further improvement of this thesis.
Medan, July16th, 2014
Writer
iii
THE INFLUENCE OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING MODEL WITH WEB-BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENT’S
ACHIEVEMENT ON THE LE AR NIN G OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
Rayhan Jamilah (Reg.Number: 4103332023) (ABSTRACT)
This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media to increase student achievement on the teaching of colloidal system, to investigate whether or not Project Based
Learning model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference compared to direct instruction to student achievement, student motivation, and
student interest on the teaching of colloidal system. The research was conducted by using Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media on the learning of colloidal system to XI grade high school students in MAN 1 Medan.
CONTENT LIST
Page
Agreement Sheet i
Contents List ii
Figures List iv
Tables List v
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background 1
1.2. Problem Identification 3
1.3. Problem Limitation 3
1.4. Problem Formulation 4
1.5. Research objectives 4
1.6. Research Benefits 5
1.7. Operational Definition 4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE STUDY
2.1. Principles of Teaching 6
2.2. Definition of Learning 6
2.3. Student Achievement 7
2.4. Direct Instruction Learning Model 7
2.5. Project Based Learning 8
2.5.1. Definition of Project Based Learning 8 2.5.2. Characteristics of Project Based Learning 8 2.5.3. Principles of Project Based Learning 9
2.5.4. Steps in Project Based Learning 9
2.5.5. Advantages of Project Based Learning 10 2.5.6. Disadvantages of Project Based Learning 11
vii
2.6.1. Definition of Learning Media 11
2.6.2. Web Based Learning Media 12
2.7. Colloidal System 13
2.7.1. Types of Colloids 15
2.7.2. Properties of Colloids 16
2.7.2.1. Tyndall Effect 16
2.7.2.2. Brownian Motion 17
2.7.2.3. Electrophoresis 17
2.7.2.4. Adsorption 18
2.7.2.5. Coagulation 18
2.7.2.6. Protective Colloids 18
2.7.2.7. Dialysis 18
2.7.3. Lyophilic Colloids and Lyophobic Colloids 18
2.8. Conceptual Framework 19
2.9. Hypothesis 20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Overview of The Research 21
3.2 Research Location and Research Object 21
3.3 Population and Sample 21
3.4 Research Variable 22
3.5 Research Design 22
3.6 Research Instrument 25
3.6.1 Validity Test 26
3.6.2 Reliability Test 26
3.6.3 Difficulty Level Test 27
3.6.4 Different Index Test 27
3.7 Data Analysis Technique 28
3.7.1 Normality Test 29
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. The Instrument of Data Analysis 32
4.1.1. The Validity Test 32
4.1.2. The Reliability Test 33
4.1.3. The Difficulty Level Test 33
4.1.4. The Different Index Test 33
4.2. The Description of Data 34
4.2.1. Result of Experimental Class 34
4.2.2. Result of Controlled Class 34
4.3. Data Analysis 35
4.3.1. The Normality Test 35
4.3.2. The Homogeneity Test 36
4.3.3. The Hypothesis Test 37
4.3.3.1. The Hypothesis Test of Hypothesis 1 37 4.3.3.2. The Hypothesis Test of Hypothesis 2 38 4.3.3.3. The Hypothesis Test of Hypothesis 3 38 4.3.4. The Effectiveness of Student Achievement 38
4.4. Discussion 39
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion 44
5.2. Suggestion 44
x
TABLES LIST
Page Table 2.1. Steps in Project Based Learning 10
Table 2.2. Comparison properties of Solutions, Colloids,
and Suspensions 15
Table 2.3. Types of Colloids 16
Table 3.1. Research Treatment 22
Table 3.2. Instrument Specification 25
Table 4.1. The Data of Experimental Class 34 Table 4.2. The Data of Controlled Class 35
Table 4.3. The Data of Normality Test 36
FIGURES LIST
Page
Figure 3.1. Scheme of Research Design 24
Figure 4.1. Average Difference of Pre Test 40
xi
APPENDIX LIST
Page
Appendix 1 Syllabus 46
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan 50
Appendix 3 Instrument Assessment 86
Appendix 4 Table of Instrument Specification 94
Appendix 5 Instrument 95
Appendix 6 Student’s Motivation and Interest Questionaire 98
Appendix 7 Validity Calculation 111
Appendix 8 Reliability Calculation 114
Appendix 9 Difficulty Level Test Calculation 116 Appendix 10 Different Index Test Calculation 118
Appendix 11 Research Data 120
Appendix 12 Table of Normality Test 122
Appendix 13 Table of Homogeneity and Independent T-test 123
Appendix 14 Web-Blog Content 125
Appendix 15 Documentations 130
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background
Education as an effort helping students to reach their maturity should be
well organized. Teachers by mastering science and technology have to try to build an appropriate learning atmosphere that can let their students feel comfort and easy to catch learning materials. Teaching makes acquisition of knowledge and skills possible through systematic interaction between teachers and students. It happens everyday and involves teacher, students, methodology and materials interaction. Parts of these materials are known as instructional resources.
Indonesia is one of countries with low quality of education (according to UNESCO), one of its reasons is that teachers can not dig up student‟s potential. Most of time they force their will without paying attention to their students talent. A good education process gives student opportunity to become creative, this is because basically the way student thinks is unable to be directed.
Chemistry is recognized as one of difficult subjects to learn by students, this is because understanding of chemistry is based on assigning meaning to the unseen and the intangible. It contains many concepts which are difficult to be understood by students as it relates to chemical reactions, calculation (stoichiometry) and some abstract concepts. Mostly chemistry learning is held
through boring and passive way with lack of students motivation and interest. In this situation students feel as if they are forced to learn about this subject and of
course this affects their achievement. So that teachers should make efforts to make a much more interesting and effective learning.
One of chemistry materials that are assumed as interesting topic for students is colloidal system but it will be difficult to understand if the teachers can not find the appropriate learning model and media to teach that topic. This is because colloidal system contains many concepts related to daily life phenomena.
2
system which is centered in students to make them more active and collaborative in doing the project. One of the reasons why Project Based Learning is important to implement is that according to the researches before 90% of students involved in the implementation of Project Based Learning feel optimistic face the real
problem in life.
Project Based Learning requires a lot of information in the
implementation. The information can be achieved from books ,internet, and other sources. In this case web-based learning media is chosen to be combined with Project Based Learning.
The use of learning media in teaching process provides the basis for improved teaching and learning of a subject. They are designed, produced and used to achieve specific instructional goal. An intelligent use of audio-visual aids will save time and stimulate students‟ interest. It increases the retention of knowledge and stimulates understanding and attitude. They help students to recognize a problem, provide solution and summarize discussion. More so, they facilitate independent study, aid communication, create a variety of sensory and make instruction more powerful.
The development of information and technology provides the education world lots of information sources that are widely available and can be accessed quickly. This technology is known as internet. The information in internet comes
from individuals or organizations that is intentionally published to the world. In fact, everyday many students are spending countless hours immersed in
popular technologies-such as Google, Facebook, Myspace, World of craft or Sim city-which at first glance may seem like a waste of time and brain cells. But these genres of technology-Social Networking, Digital gaming, and Simulations-deserve a second, deeper, look at what is actually going. Students are more interested in using social media to have more friends than to get more information as their lesson materials. Market research data indicates that many a normal, middle-aged adult 1 uses these technologies with frequency (Klopfer, 2009 : 2)
a programmed and individual learning form. Programmed learning is a learning system with materials that are well programmed to reach the goal of education. While individual learning is a learning system that pays attention to the need and characteristics of student. (Burns, 1971: 45)
Web-based learning serves learning materials shown through web browser and made in the web format. Web-based learning materials are mostly gained
from websites or blogs, but it is not always depended on internet connection. As an example, a web-based learning which is done by using CD-ROM. In this case all the learning materials are running in it so the students can use it directly as learning media. The use of CD-ROM can be more effective if there is no internet connection in the school, house or community.
Based on the problem above the researcher is interested to do a research entitled “The Influence of Project Based Learning Model with Web-based Learning Media to Increase Student’s Achievement on The Learning of Colloidal System”.
1.2Problem Identification
Based on the background explained above, the problem identification in this research includes:
1. Students find difficulties in studying chemistry as the understanding of chemistry is based on assigning meaning to the unseen and the intangible.
2. Teachers find difficulties in providing attractive and interesting learning model in chemistry learning.
3. Students have less willing in using school facilities like personal computer and internet access in learning process.
4. Student achievement of chemistry subject is still low. 1.3Problem Limitation
4
based learning model with web-based learning media and the other class taught conventionally.
1.4Problem Formulation
The problem formulation of this research includes:
1. How is the effectiveness of Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media in increasing student‟s achievement on the teaching of colloidal system?
2. Does Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media give higher significant difference compared to direct instruction learning model to student‟s achievement on the teaching of colloidal system?
3. Does Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media give higher significant difference compared to direct instruction learning model to student‟s motivation on the teaching of colloidal system?
4. Does Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media give higher significant difference compared to direct instruction learning model to student‟s interest on the teaching of colloidal system?
1.5 Research Objective
The objectives of this research are:
1. To investigate the effectiveness of Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media in increasing student‟s achievement on the teaching of colloidal system.
2. To investigate whether or not Project Based Learning model with
web-based learning media gives higher significant difference compared to direct instruction to student‟s achievement on the teaching of colloidal system.
4. To investigate whether or not Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference compared to direct instruction to student‟s interest on the teaching of colloidal system. 1.6 Research Benefit
This research is hoped to bring benefits to:
1. Those who are directly involved in learning process (teachers and
students), so they can build a more interesting and effective way to teach and learn colloidal system by using web-based learning media.
2. Students who are studying about colloidal system because they can access more materials on the web pages.
3. The next researchers who are interested in doing similar research in the future.
1.7 Operational Definition
1. Project Based Learning is a model that can organize projects in a learning process and it gives an opportunity to the student centered learning system in make students more active and collaborative in doing the project.
2. Web-based learning media is a long distance learning system which is based on the information and technology through web pages.
44
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion
Based on the data analysis, researcher concludes that:
1. Student achievement of the class taught by using project based learning model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference compared to the class taught by using direct teaching model.
2. Student motivation of the class taught by using project based learning model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference compared to the class taught by using direct teaching model.
3. Student Interest of the class taught by using project based learning model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference compared to the class taught by using direct teaching model.
4. The effectiveness of student achievement taught by using project based learning model with web-based learning media is 17.11 % compared to student achievement taught by using direct teaching model.
6.1. Suggestion
Based on the data analysis, researcher suggests that:
1. The prospective teachers can use this research as a reference for doing the
similar researches in order to increase student achievement and motivate the students either by applying appropriate learning model or using
appropriate learning media.
REFERENCES
Arsyad, A., (2008), Media Pembelajaran, Raj Agrando Persada, Jakarta
Burns, R., (1971), Method for Individualizing Instruction, The Macmillan company, New York
Dimyati dan Mujiono, (2006), Belajar dan Pembelajaran, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta Djamarah, (2002), Strategi Belajar dan Mengajar, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta
Giilbahar, Y., Tinmaz, H., (2006), Implementing Project Based Learning and E-Portofolio Assesment In an Udergraduate Course, Journal of Research and Technology in Education, 38 (3) : 309-327
Klopfer, E., (2009), Using The Technology of Today, in The Classroom today, Massachusetts Institutes of Technology: Massachusetts
Lachman, J.S, (1997), Learning is a Process: Toward an Improved Definition of Learning. Journal of Research and Technology in Education, 131 (5)
Purnawan, Y., (2007), Deskripsi Model Pembelajaran Berbasis
Proyek,http://www.yudipurnawan.wordpress.com, (accessed on
07/03/2014 12:16)
Sadiman, Arief S., (2003), Media Pendidikan: Pengertian, Pengembangan, dan Pemanfaatannya, Grafindo Persada, Jakarta
Silitonga, P.M (2009), Statistic Teori dan Aplikasi dalam penelitian, FMIPA Unimed Medan.
Situmorang, M., Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) Untuk Mata Pelajaran Kimia, FMIPA Unimed Medan.
Sudrajat, A., (2008), Metode dan Teknik Pembelajaran, http://www.wijayalabs.wordpress.com, (accessed on 07/03/2014 11:56) Wena, M., (2011), Strategy Pembelajaran Inovatif Kontemporer, Bumi Aksara,