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The Implementation of Collaborative Learning with Experiment Method to Increase Student’s Achievement in Solubility and SolubilityProduct
Melisa Sipayung (4103332021)
ABSTRACT
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LIST OF CONTENT
Page
Legalization Sheet i
Biography ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement iv
List of Content vi
List of Figure ix
List of Table x
List of Appendix xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Research Background 1
1.2. Problem Identification 4
1.3. Research Scope 4
1.4. Problem Formulation 5
1.5. Research Objective 5
1.6. Research Benefits 5
1.7. Operational Definition 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Theoretical Framework 7 2.1.1. Learning 7
2.1.2. Level Education Unit Curriculum 8
2.1.3. Learning Outcomes 9
2.1.4. Method 10 2.1.5. Collaborative Learning 11
2.1.6. Experiment Method 14 2.1.7. Direct Instructional Method 15
2.1.8. Effectiveness 16
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2.2.3. Predicting Precipitation Reaction 21 2.2.4. The Effect of a Common Ion and pH on Solubility 22
2.3. Conceptual Framework 26
2.4. Hypothesis of Research 27
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Location and Time 28
3.2. Research Population and Sample 28 3.3. Research Variables and Instrument 28
3.4. Research Procedure 32
3.4.1. The Implementation of Research Design 32
3.5. Tools for Collecting Data 35
3.5.1. Validity of Item Test 35
3.5.2. Difficulty Level of Item Test 35 3.5.3. Different Index of Item Test 36
3.5.4. Reliability of Test 37
3.6. Technique of Collecting Data 37
3.7. Technique of Data Analysis 38
3.7.1. Normality Test 38
3.7.2. Homogeneity Test 39
3.7.3. Normalized Gain 39
3.7.4. Hypothesis Testing 39
3.7.6. Hypothesis Criteria 40
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Research Result 41
4.2. Data Analysis of Research Instrument 41
4.2.1. Validity of Item Test 41
4.2.2 Difficulty Index 42
4.2.3. Discriminating Index 42
4.2.4. Reliability Index 42
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4.3.1. Data Analysis of Achievement Test before Teaching Treatment 43 4.3.2. Data Analysis of Student’s Achievement after Teaching Treatment 44 4.3.3. Normalized Gain Research Data 45
4.4. Homogeneity Data 46
4.4.1. Homogeneity Data of Pretest 46 4.4.2. Homogeneity Data of Normalized Gain 47
4.5. Normality Data 47
4.5.1. Normality Data of Pretest 47
4.5.2. Normality Data of Normalized Gain 47
4.6. Hypothesis 48
4.6.1. Hypothesis Testing 48
4.6.2. Hypothesis Criteria 49
4.7. Cognitive Aspect Improvement 49
4.8. Observation Result 52
4.9. Discussion 54
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion 57
5.2. Suggestion 57
REFERENCES 58
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LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 3.1. Test Catagories of Solubility and Solubility Product 29 Table 3.2. Observation sheet of Collaborative Learning with Experiment 31
Method
Table 3.3. Research Design (Two classes, Pretest, and Post test) 32 Table 4.1. Pretest Data Analysis 44 Table 4.2. Posttest Data Analysis 44 Table 4.3. Average Value of Normalized Gain 45 Table 4.4. Percentage of Student’s Achievement 46 Table 4.5. Result of Hypothesis Testing 48 Table 4.6. The Average Gain from Level of Cognitive Aspect in 49
Experiment Class
Table 4.7. The Average Gain from Level of Cognitive Aspect in 50 Control Class
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LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 3.1. Flow Chart of Research Design 34 Figure 4.1. Average Gain from Level Cognitive Aspect in Experiment Class 50 Figure 4.2. Average Gain from Level Cognitive Aspect in Control Class 50 Figure 4.3. Comparison of Average Gain from Cognitive Aspect 51
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LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1 Syllabus of Chemistry Subject 60
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan of Collaborative Learning 64
Appendix 3 Lesson Plan of Direct Instructional Method 73
Appendix 4 Validity of Instrument by Validator 82
Appendix 5 Instrument Test 93
Appendix 6 Test Categories 99
Appendix 7 Observation Sheet 101
Appendix 8 Student Worksheet 103
Appendix 9 Data pretest and posttest 107
Appendix 10 Validity of Item Test 109
Appendix 11 Difficulty of Item Test 112
Appendix 12 Discriminating of Item Test 115
Appendix 13 Reliability of Item Test 118
Appendix 14 Data of Normalized Gain 120
Appendix 15 Homogeneity Pretest 122
Appendix 16 Homogeneity Gain 123
Appendix 17 Normality of Pretest 126
Appendix 18 Normality of Normalized Gain 128
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Appendix 20 Level Cognitive Aspect 131
Appendix 21 Collaborative Learning Observation Value 138
Appendix 22 Table of Distribution F Value 139
Appendix 23 Table of r-Product Moment 142
Appendix 24 Table of Chi Square 143
Appendix 25 Table Distribution of t Value 144
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
1. Student’s achievement in experiment class that is taught using collaborative learning with experiment method is significantly higher than control class that is taught using direct instructional method in solubility and solubility product topic.
2. The cognitive aspect that is improved by implementation of collaborative learning with experiment method is C3 0.82 (high category).
3. The result of observation sheet shown that in implementing of collaborative learning in this research students are less using media actively by score percentage 63 %.
4. The result of observation sheet shown that in implementing of collaborative learning in this research students are there are 94 % of students asking to teach while there are 69% of student impress on listening rather than speaking.
5.2. Suggestion
1. Chemistry teachers should using collaborative learning with experiment method in another chemistry topic.
2. Next researcher should using collaborative learning with experiment method in
another chemistry topic to increase student’s achievement so will get better
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