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M O T P M Y S S X E L P M O C S U P I D E O F O Y D U T S A N

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K A Study o fOedipu s Complex’ sSymptom in Paulo n i h a ji l E s o h l e o

C The Fi tfh Mountain .Yogyaka tra :Engilsh Language Educaiton s r e h c a e T f o y tl u c a F , n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L f o t n e m tr a p e D , m a r g o r P y d u t S . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s e s y l a n a s i s e h t s i h

T The Fitfh Mountain ,a nove lw irtten by Paulo Coelho . l e v o n s i h

T tell sabou ta prophe tnamed Eljiah .Eljiah i sdesc irbed a sa t wenty-three l li k o t d o G m o r f n o i s s i m d r a h a h s il p m o c c a o t s a h o h w t e h p o r p e ti l e a r s I d l o r a e y , b a h A g n i K y b d e ir r a m s i o h w s s e c n ir p l a it n e u lf n i d n a g n i m r a h c a , l e b e z e J s s e c n ir P t a g n i k l e a r s I n

a tha t itme .Jezebe’l sin lfuence to worship Baa linstead o fthe only l li t s s i o h w t e h p o r p y r e v e l li k o t s d n a m m o c e h S . l e a r s I g n o l a d a e r p s s a h d o G e n O l l e t o t s e r a d o h w t e h p o r p a , h a ji l E y ll a i c e p s e , d o G e n O e h t g n i y e b o d n a g n i p i h s r o w s ’ d o G e h t t u o b a b a h A g n i

k warning to Israel .Eljiah expe irence sa lo to fter irble s t c il f n o c r e n n i s ’ h a ji l E . d o G e n O s i h o t e c n a il e r d n a h ti a f s i h e c n e u lf n i t a h t s n o it a u ti s s g n il e e f d n a s n o it o m e , s t h g u o h t ,s n o it c a s i H . y r o t s s i h t n i e l o r t n a tr o p m i y a l p o t m e e s y lr a e l c d e r o l p x e e r

a in thi snovel .Thi snove li svery interesitng to be discussed s i t a h t m e l b o r p l a c i m a n y d n a m u h f o n o it a c il p m o c e h t s e r u t c i p y lr a e l c t i e c n i s , r e h tr u f d e s u a c n e tf

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i TheFitfhMountain .Inordert oachievet heobjecitve,t hist hesi s n i h a ji l E n i d e t c i p e d x e l p m o c s u p i d e O f o s m o t p m y s e h t w o h f o n o it s e u q a s e t a l u m r o f . l e v o n s i h t y r a m ir p e h T . y d u t s k s e d s a w s i s e h t s i h t o t d e il p p a s a w h c i h w d o h t e m e h T , fl e s ti l e v o n e h t s a w e c r u o

s TheFitfhMountain .Thes econdarys ource swereobtained y g o l o h c y s p f o s e ir o e h t e m o s d e y o l p m e r e ti r w e h T . e r u t a r e ti l n o s k o o b e m o s m o r f . s i s y l a n a o h c y s p d n a n o it a v it o m f o y r o e h t s ’ d u e r F s a h c u s , x e l p m o c s u p i d e O o t e t a l e r i a s a w h c i h w , s i s y l a n a o h c y s p d e y o l p m e s i s e h t s i h

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w ha twli lhappen t ohim i fhecanno taccompilsh hi smission t ha tGod r o y v n e s ’ h a ji l E n i s r a e p p a x e l p m o c s u p i d e O f o m o t p m y s t x e N . m i h d e d n a m m o c s a h

e h t s e t a c i d n i y lr a e l c y s u o l a e j s ’ h a ji l E . s g n i e b n a m u h r e h t o s a m o d e e r f f o y s u o l a e j

m o t p m y s s ’ x e l p m o c s u p i d e

O o fhowhe wantst opossess t hef reedomand r eailzehi s e h t n I . s t c il f n o c s ’ h a ji l E s i m o t p m y s t x e n e h T . e l p o e p y r a n i d r o r e h t o e k il s m a e r d

d n a y c n e d n e p e d n i s i h t u o b a s i t c il f n o c t s ri f e h T . s t c il f n o c o w t s m r o f r e p h a ji l E , l e v o n

e r s i h e e r f o t s s e n s s e lr e w o p s i

h sponsiblitiy in accompilshing God’ smission .The y b d e n o d n a b a s i h c i h w w o d i w e h t r o f n o it c e f f a s ’ h a ji l E t u o b a s i t c il f n o c d n o c e s

f o t n e m e l e n a s a y ti r o ir e f n i s i h s i h a ji l E n i m o t p m y s t x e n e h T . n o i s s i m s ’ d o G

p i d e O e h T . m o t p m y s s ’ x e l p m o c s u p i d e O n i s i s o r u e

n u scomplex’ ssymptom also

d li u b e r o t s e ir t h a ji l E . t n e g a e v it a ti r o h t u a e h t o t n o it a c if it n e d i s ’ h a ji l E n i s r a e p p a

. ll i w n w o s i h s a d n a m m o c s ’ d o G e k a t o t s e ir t e H . m i h d e d n a m m o c s a h d o G s a r a b k A

f o t c e j b o e u rt s i h f o y r e v o c s i d e r s ’ h a ji l E s i m o t p m y s t s a l e h

T affeciton .

Thi sthesi salso provide ssuggesiton and inspriaiton through the pattern o f n i s e i g e t a rt s e m o s e g n a r r a o t s n a e m l u f p l e h s a d e il p p a e b n a c h c i h w x e l p m o c s u p i d e O

n i h a ji l E n i d e r a e p p a s i ti s a y g o g a d e

p TheFitfhMountain .

, h ti a f : s d r o w y e

(15)

v i x K A R T S B A . 2 1 0 2 . i s e D , a ti d n a h ir

K A Study o fOedipu s Complex’ sSymptom in Paulo n i h a ji l E s o h l e o

C The Fi tfh Mountain .Yogyaka tra :Engilsh Language Educaiton s r e h c a e T f o y tl u c a F , n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L f o t n e m tr a p e D , m a r g o r P y d u t S . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T l e v o n a s il a n a g n e m i n i i s p ir k

S The Fitfh Mountain yang dtiuil soleh Paulo o N . o h l e o

C ve lin ibercertia tentang seorang nab ibernama Eila .Eila digambarkan n a k i a s e l e y n e m s u r a h g n a y n u h a t 3 2 a i s u r e b l e a r s I i b a n g n a r o e s i a g a b e s i a g a b e s a n o s e p i k il i m e m g n a y i rt u p g n a r o e s , l e b e z e J n a k ri k g n i y n e m k u t n u r a s e b i s i m h a u b e s a y a s a i b r a u l h u r a g n e p n a

d ng menikah iRaja Ahab ,raja Israe l pada masa tiu . n a k n i a l e m , u t a S g n a Y h a ll A n a h u T h a b m e y n e m k a d it k u t n u l e b e z e J h u r a g n e P k u t n u n a k h a t n ir e m e m l e b e z e J . l e a r s I h u r u l e s i d r a b e y n e m h a l e t l a a B h a b m e y n e m u T i h u t a m e m n a d h a b m e y n e m h i s a m g n a y i b a n p a it e s h u n u b m e

m han Yang Satu ,

a g u j n a d b a h A a j a R n a k t a g n ir e p m e m g n a c n a l g n a y i b a n g n a r o e s , a il E a m a t u r e t i m a l a g n e m a il E i n i l e v o n m a l a d i D . l e a r s I n a k a n a h u T n a t a g n ir e p g n a t n e t l e b e z e J n a k a a y n n a m i i h u r a g n e p m e m g n a y n a k n it a h ir p m e m g n a y i s a u ti s k a y n a b u ti g e b a S g n a Y n a h u

T tu .Konfilk dalam dri iEila juga berperan penitng dalam nove lini . l e v o n m a l a d s a l e j t a g n a s n a g n e d s a h a b i d a il E n a a s a r e p a tr e s , n a ri k i p , u k a l h a k g n i T n a k a ti r e c n e m a n e r a k t u j n a l h i b e l n a k i s u k s i d i d k u t n u k ir a n e m t a g n a s i n i l e v o N . i n i a m n a h a l a s a m r e p a k i m a n i

d nusia yang cukup rumi tyang t erkadang disebabkan oleh , n a h u T n a g n e d i ri d k il f n o k , n i a l g n a y n a g n e d u t a s a r a t n a k i a b k il f n o k a p a r e b e b n a p u d i h e k m a l a d i d a jr e t n i k g n u m t a g n a s g n a y i ri d n e s i ri d m a l a d k il f n o k n u p u a m ir a h e s a i s u n a

m -hairnya. i i s p ir k s i r a d n a u j u

T n iadalah untuk mengetahui l ebih l anju tmengena igejala l e v o n m a l a d a il E ir i d m a l a d k a p m a n g n a y x e l p m o c s u p i d e

O The FitfhMountain. Untuk

a d a p n a k t a r e b k it i n e m i n i i s p ir k s , t u b e s r e t n a u j u t i a p a c n e

m sebuahpetranyaan ,yatiu :

a n a m i a g a

B gejala-gejala Oedipu scomplex nampakdalamdi irEila d inove lThe Fitfh . n i a t n u o M

Metodeyangdtierapkanadalahstud ipustaka .Sumbe rutamadalamsk irpsii n i , ir i d n e s u ti l e v o n h a l a d

a The Fitfh Mountain . Sumber-sumbe r lain yang juga i

dgunakan dalam sk irps iin i diperoleh melalu ibuku-buku tentang karya sasrta . s

il u n e

P jugamenggabungkanbeberapat eor ipsikolog iyangberkatiandenganOedipu s g n a t n e t d u e r F i r o e ti tr e p e s x e l p m o

c moitvas idanjugapendekatanpsikologis .Sk irpsii n i n e p n a k p a r e n e

m dekatan psikolog iyang be trujuan untuk mendesk irpsikan apa yang x e l p m o c s u p i d e O n a g n e d d u s k a m i

d ,danjugauntuk menemukan gejala-gejala Oedipu s l e v o n m a l a d a il E p u d i h n a m a l a g n e p n a d i s a u ti s n a k r a s a d r e b a il E i m a l a i d g n a y x e l p m o c .i n i s i s il a n a n a k r a s a d r e

B , penuils menemukan bahwa Eila , tokohutamadalam o h l e o C o l u a P l e v o

n TheFitfhMountaini ni memperilhatkanbeberapa gejalaOedipu s m a l a d x e l p m o

(16)

v x i

p a d a h g n e

m masalah-masalah hidupnya .Gejala yang pe trama adalah ketakutan nd a n

a ri t a w a h k e

k Eilayangbelrebihanakanbeberapakondis iyangdialaminya .Eilaterus s

u r e n e

m mengkhawatrikansesuatu lh a burukyangmungkinmenimpanya aij ak i itdak u

p m a

m menyelesaikan mis iyang telah Tuhan be irkan kepadanya .Gejala lain yang l

u c n u

m adalah kecemburuan E ila untuk memiilki kebebasan hidup seperit halnya n

i a l g n a y x e l p m o c s u p i d e O a l a j e G . n i a l g n a r o i k il i m i

d selanjutnya ialah konfilk

-k il f n o

k dalam d i ir Eila . Konfilk yang pe trama ialah kemerdekaannya yang n

a g n a t n e tr e

b nde g an keitdakmampuannya untuk membebaskan d i ir d a ir tanggung b

a w a

j untuk menyelesaikan m isi Tuhan. Konfilk kedua ialah perasaan saying E ila i

g n a l a h i d g n a y a d n a j g n a s a d a p e

k ho le m isiTuhan .Gejala nl ai ialahmunculnya r asa h

a d n e

r ird i dalam ird i E ila .Eila juga memperilhatkan gejala Oedipu scomplex yang n

i a

l melalu iprose spengenalan terhadap ifgu ryang l ebih kuat .Gejala terakhi ryang k

a p m a

t dalam ird ai E il ialahpenemuantujuankasihsayangyangs ebenarnya. n

a k ir e b m e m a g u j i n i i s p ir k

S saran dan juga inspir asi melalui p -ola pola t

a p a d g n a y x e l p m o c s u p i d e

O dtierapkan sebagai sarana yang berguna untuk n

u s u y n e

m beberapa srtategi dalam p ola pendampingan siswa seperit lh aa n y te jradi a

d a

p ird ai E il dalamTheFitfhMountain.

a s a r , a l a j e g , n a m i :i c n u k a t a

(17)

1 I R E T P A H C

N O I T C U D O R T N I

c a b f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h

T kground of t he study ,objecitveof t he study , y d u t s e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e h T . s m r e t f o n o it i n if e d d n a , n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p

a y d u t s e h t f o c i p o t e h t f o n o it a m r o f n i s e d i v o r

p nd the reason sfo rchoosing the e

v it c e j b o e h T . c i p o

t o fthe study states the focu so fthe study .The problem o

f rmulaiton descirbes t he problem formulated t o make t hi sstudy more driected . t

I . s m r e t f o n o it i n if e d s i t s a l e h

T provides some deifniitons fo rte ms i n order t o .

g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a

1 .

1 Backgroundoft heStudy

s e r u t a e r c e u q i n u s a d e t a e r c e r a s g n i e b n a m u

H .N bo odyi nt hi swo lrdi st he e

m a

s .Some people may have a nice and easy ilving ,bu tsome undergo the e

s u a c h c i h w s e c n a t s m u c ri

c s them rtouble .Oneoft he rtoubleswhich canoccur in s

’l a u d i v i d n i n

a fil e si confilct .When someoneface saconfilct, h sei placed i n a h

c i h w n i n o it a u ti

s h seh a to choosebetween t wo o rmoreoppostieopitons in hi s e

fi

l .Each person hasconfilcti n t herilfie .Theconfilc t tisel fcan bein af orm of .

fl e s e n o h ti w t c il f n o c n e v e , d o G h ti w t c il f n o c , s r e h t o h ti w t c il f n o

c Theseconfilcts

e s u a c y a

m problem sandcirsisi ns omeone’sl fie. n

a c t c il f n o c

A airse from many stiuaitons ,relaitons ,groups ,argument ,s s

e l p i c n ir p d n

(18)

, r e v o e r o

M ti i spossiblefo rapersontohaveconfilc twtihhimsefl ,whichi scalled .t

c il f n o c r e n n

i Inne rconfilctcanbef oundi nsomeone’sl fiecirsis. e

l p m o c s u p i d e

O xi soneexampleofi nne rconfilct ,which occurs in every ’l

a u d i v i d n

i sl fie .Accordingt opsychoanalyitct heory, Oedipu scomplexi sagroup f o t n e r a p e h t s s e s s o p o t e ri s e d e h t n o s u c o f h c i h w s g n il e e f s u o i c s n o c n u y l e g r a l f o

h t e t a n i m il e d n a x e s e ti s o p p o e h

t eparen toft he samesex .Thewrtierfound t ha t f

o t e s a s i x e l p m o c s u p i d e

O phenomenon tha tcontains i dea swhich wli lexplain s

t n e v e d n a s t c il f n o c f o n o it a c il p m o c e h

t revealed by Eljiah, t hemaincharacte rin o

h l e o C o l u a

P ’ sTheFitfhMountain . s

i h

T novel tell su sabou ta twenty t hreeyear sold prophe tnamed Eljiah . h

a ji l

E i soneoft heBibilca l ifgureswhoCoelho pick sast hemaincharacteri nt he .

l e v o

n A sa prophet ,Eljiah is very compilant ,obeying everything wha tGod' s y

ll a u t n e v E . y a s s l e g n

a , he realize stha thi sdesitny i sno thi sdeterminaiton ,bu t d

e d i c e

d by God .Eljiah’ sinne rconfilc tbecome st he mos tinspiirng topic to be s

i h t n i r e h tr u f d e s s u c s i

d study. eH retrie s from hi s job o f manufactu irng .

t n e m p i u q e d n u o r g y a l

p He begin shi smission by leaving Israe land come to ,

r a b k

A a swhatt heGod’ sangelt ellshim .Whlieaccomp ilshinghi smission ,Eljiah m o s e c n e ir e p x e t s u m h a ji l E . fl e s m i h e d i s n i s t c il f n o c y n a m o s s d n

if any

d a h e h s n o it a u ti s d e t c e p x e n

u neveri magined before .Thosestiuaitonsl ead Eljiah e h t n i m o t p m y s s ’ x e l p m o c s u p i d e O e h t y a rt r o p h c i h w s t c il f n o c d e t a c il p m o c o t n i

.l e v o n

s i h a ji l

E descirbed a sa young prophe t who dare s to ifgh tagains ta l

u f r e w o

(19)

3

e n o r h

t ,Jezebe lask sKingAhab t o r eplacet heworshipoft heLord wtih t hegod s .

e s ir a s m e l b o r p e h t ,s u h T . n o n a b e L f

o A saprophet ,Eljiah mus tobey al lGod’ s . n o s r e p y r a n i d r o n a s a m o d e e r f s i h s t n a w h a ji l E , r e v e w o H . s d n a m m o

c Eljiah

s i h e s o l o t s n i g e b e h t a h t t h g u o h

t freedomi fhekeep sobeyingeverythingGodha s m

i h d e d n a m m o

c . Fo rEljiah ,being free mean stha the doe sno tneed to ifgh t b

e z e J s s e c n ir

P el ,which may cause hi sown death .Being free also mean stha t t

u o b a y r r o w o t d e e n t o n s e o d h a ji l

E Jezebe’l scommand ,which i sto kli lal l h a ji l E . l a a B e s i a r p o t y ti r o h t u a r e h d r a w o t t n e i d e b o s i d e r a o h w s t e h p o r

p also

t o n l li w y l b i s s o p e h t a h t s k n i h

t warn K ing Ahab and also P irncess Jezebe ltha t e

r e h

t wli lbeno rain so l ong a sBaali sworshiped i n Israel ,a swha tGod’ sange l o

t ld him .However ,God act sslowly ,because when the drough tbegin sto take e h t o t l a y o l n i a m e r o h w l l a d e y o rt s e d e v a h y d a e rl a l li w l e b e z e J s s e c n ir P , d l o h

e H . t n a v r e s s ’ d o G f o r o v i v r u s a g n i m o c e b f o g n ir e f f u s s i h s n i g e b h a ji l E . d r o L

r o r r e t e n o m o r f s e v i v r u

s o fdeatht oanothe ragony . c y n a m o t n i m i h d a e l s g n ir e f f u s s ’ h a ji l

E ompilcated problemst ha tappea r h

g u o r h

t severa lstiuaitonsinhisl fie .Eljiahha saveryhardmissiona sanordinary l

c e h T . s e c n e u q e s n o c d n a e c i o h c d e t a c il p m o c o t n i m i h s g n ir b t a h t n a m u

h imax o f

f s i h t p e c c a o t s a h h a ji l E n e h w s i g n ir e f f u s s i

h atebyseeing hi sbeloved Akba r- a ,

e p o h d n a e fi l w e n s i h s d n if e h e r e h w e c a l

p wherehe ifnd shisl oveands rtength ,a a

l

p ce where he work shard to bulid - ha sbee n desrtoyed by the Assy irans . n

i h t o

N g remains i n the batlte ,including Eljiah’ sbeloved woman , the widow o f .r

a b k

A Eventually , from thi s incident , the widow uncondiitonally play s a e

l o r t n a c if i n g i

s inEljiah’sl fie .

(20)

a r o f g n il e e f l a t n e m it n e s e h t s e c n e ir e p x e h a ji l E w o d i w e h t h g u o r h T

o f n a m o

w rt hef ris titme .Thewidowcompletelys how she rgreats enseo fal oving n

o it c e f f a l l u f e v i g o t e l b a s i o h w n a m o

w t oEljiah . tIi salsot oldt hatt hewidowi s s n o it c e f f a e r u p s ’ w o d i w e h T . d e i d e h s e m it e h t l it n u n e v e h a ji l E o t l u f h ti a f

o t h a ji l E e g a r u o c n

e do so many t hing sdu irng hi ssurvival i n Akbar .Eljiah also . w o d i w e h t h g u o r h t m o d e e r f s ’t r a e h s i h d n if o t w o h d n a e v o l o t w o h s n r a e l

t a h t s r e d i s n o c h a ji l E t a h t w o h s l e v o n s i h t n i s e l b u o rt d n a s e c n e ir e p x e e h T

n e r a s g n ir e f f u s d n a , w o r r o s s i h , y n it s e d s i

h o to fhi sdeterminaiton ,bu tdecidedby y d u t s s i h t n i r e h tr u f d e s s u c s i d e b o t c i p o t g n ir i p s n i t s o m e h t s e m o c e b s i h T . d o G

. x e l p m o c s u p i d e O f o s m r e t n i y ll a i c e p s

e tIi si nteresitngt odiscusst hi snovels ince y

r o t s e h

t tell sabout someone’s problem stha tmigh talso happen i n everyone’ s e

fi

l . Thi snove lalsoshow showcommunicaiton ,moitvaiton ,sefl-awareness ,sefl -e

c n a t p e c c

a ,and also srtong impulse play impo tran troles when a person ha sa m

e l b o r

p . Digging deepe rinto the story and invesitgaitng more abou tEl hjia ’ s s

t c il f n o c d n a s m e l b o r

p wli lfu trhe rshow how Oedipu scomplex plays ti srole i n .

e fi l s ’ e n o

s i h t g n i y d u t

S nove lint ermo fOedipu scomplex ,powerfullygive scourage .

d o G h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r x e l p m o c r e h r e tt e b d n a t s r e d n u o t r e ti r w e h t o

t Thi snove l

l

aso i nspries the wrtier to reailze t hat t here i s more t han j us tonechoice i n l fie . e

s o o h c o t m o d e e r f s a h e n o , r e v o e r o

M hi sown desitny .Thi swli lin lfuence the n

i a t n i a m n o s r e p a y a

w s agood r elaitonwtihGod .Thi snove lguidest her eaderst o t

c e lf e

r onthei rown “expe irence”wtihGodt hrough t hei rownwayoft hinking. I t o

t m e h t s p l e

(21)

5

r i e h t h g u o r h

t d fiifcul tstiuaiton .Thi snove l ifnally helpst her eaderst o r eailzet ha t a

m o s e r a e r e h t s e m it e m o

s ny comp ilcatedcondiitonst ha taperson hast o face i n g

n i h t e m o s t u o d n if d n a n r a e l o t r e d r

o better .

e h t s y o l p m e r e ti r w e h t , l e v o n e h t o t n i k o o l r e tt e b a t e g o t r e d r o n I

e h t , s u h T . y g o l o h c y s p m o r f n o it a v it o m f o y r o e h t e h t d n a y r o e h t s i s y l a n a o h c y s p

r e ti r

w analyze sthe nove lusing a psychologica lapproach in orde rto reach the r

e t p a h c s i s y l a n a e h t n i d e s s u c s i d e b l li w t a h t n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r

p .

y d u t S e h t f o e v it c e j b O 2 . 1

s i h t f o e v it c e j b o e h

T thesis si aimedto ifndoutt he desc irpitvesymptomo f x

e l p m o c s u p i d e

O in Eljiah ,the main characte rof Paulo Coelho’ sThe Fitfh n

i a t n u o

M .

n o it a l u m r o F m e l b o r P 3 . 1

e h t e v e i h c a o t r e d r o n

I objecitve o fthe study ,a problem formulaiton i s .

d e d e e

n Theproblemi nt hist hesi scanbef ormulatedasf ollows:

H wo aret hesymptom sof Oedipu scomplex depicted i n Eljiah, t he main s

’ o h l e o C o l u a P f o r e t c a r a h

c TheFitfhMountain?

y d u t S e h t f o s ti f e n e B 4 . 1

e b e m o s n i a t b o n a c s r e d a e

R nefti sfrom thi sstudy .Fris,t hopefully thi s ri

e h t h c ir n e n a c y d u t

s knowledge abou tltierature and ge tbette runderstanding a

m o r f y r o t s e h t t u o b

(22)

m o r f e g d e l w o n k n i a t b o n a c y e h T . m a r g o r p y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E f o

e ti l g n i z y l a n a n i e c n e r e f e r s a y d u t s s i h

t rary work .For t her eader ,s t hey can l earn ’

x e l p m o c s u p i d e O t u o b a s g n i h t y n a

m s symptom , fatihfulness , and how to s

’ x e l p m o c s u p i d e O e h t e z i n g o c e

r symptom t ha tmigh thappen i n everyone’sl fie e

c n e ir e p x e e h t h g u o r h

t asr evealedbyEljiah .Thelas tbeneftii sfort hewrtie,rt hi s h

d n a p x e o t s t c e p s a y n a m s a h y d u t

s e rknowledge and understanding of ltierary v

o e r o M . s k r o

w e ri talso give smora llesson on how the reader should reac tto p

s ’ y d o b e m o

s roblemandt akethebests tept o ifndingas oluiton.

n o it i n if e D 5 .

1 o fTerms

s i t i , s i s e h t s i h t n i d e s u s m r e t e h t t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a o T

e h t y fi r a l c d n a e n if e d o t y r a s s e c e

n meaning o fsome paritcular t erms .Thet erm s y

fi r a l c o t d e d e e

n are t he word s“Psychosexua lDevelopmen tTheory” ,“Oedipu s ,

” x e l p m o c “ , ” x e l p m o

c and“symptom”.

y r o e h T t n e m p o l e v e D l a u x e s o h c y s P 1 . 5 . 1

g n i g g i d e r o f e

B deepe rabou twhati scalled yb et h Oedipu scomplex,l e tus s

s u c s i

d psychosexual t heory and some o f ti sstages fu trher . Freud beileves t ha t o

e c r o f g n it a v it o m y r a m ir p e h t s i y g r e n e l a u x e

s fdevelopment ,no tonlyf o radutl s e h t , d u e r F o t g n i d r o c c a , y c n a f n i g n ir u D . ll e w s a s t n a f n i d n a n e r d li h c r o f t u b

n I . t s a e r b e h t g n i k c u s y ll a i c e p s e , g n i k c u s m o r f e m o c o t s m e e s e r u s a e l p t s e t a e r g

n e y e h t g n i h t y r e v e y lr a e n g n ir b o t y c n e d n e t a e v a h s e i b a b , t c a

f counteri ntocontac t

. s h t u o m r i e h t h ti

(23)

7

d n a ; e l b a r u s a e l p o s l a s i y ti v it c a l a it n e s s e y ll a c i g o l o i b s i h t t a h t o s g n i o d n i r e v o c s i d

3 5 1 n o t e l g a E ( y ti l a u x e s f o g n i n w a d t s ri f e h t s i , d u e r F r o f ,s i h

t .) Only much l ate r

g n i d u l c n i , y ti v it c a l a u x e s h ti w d e t a i c o s s a s i e r u s a e l p y li d o b t s e t a e r g e h t

. e s r u o c r e t n

i Freud rtanslate sthose observaiton sand insight sinto psychosexua l l a u x e s o h c y s p s a n w o n k t r o h s n i r o , t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p f o y r o e h t e g a t s

t g n i d r o c c A . y r o e h t t n e m p o l e v e

d o Freud ,there are some stage sin the human h

T . t n e m p o l e v e d l a u x e s o h c y s

p e f ris tstagei st heora lstage .Thep irmary confilc t e

g a t s s i h t t

a i sweaning process .A tthe second stage ,there i sana lstage. The r o s i h l o rt n o c o t n r a e l o t s a h d li h c e h T . g n i n i a rt t e li o t s i e g a t s s i h t t a t c il f n o c r o j a m

a f o e s n e s a o t s d a e l l o rt n o c s i h t g n i p o l e v e D . s d e e n y li d o b r e

h ccompilshmen tand

n i tl u s e r n a c s e s n o p s e r l a t n e r a p e t a ir p o r p p a n i , d u e r F o t g n i d r o c c A . e c n e d n e p e d n i

. s e m o c t u o e v it a g e

n Andi nt het hridstaget herei sphalilcstage ,thep irmaryf ocu s s

i d o t n i g e b o s l a n e r d li h c , e g a s i h t t A . s l a ti n e g e h t n o s i o d i b il e h t f

o cove rthe

o t n i g e b s y o b t a h t s e v e il e b o s l a d u e r F . s e l a m e f d n a s e l a m n e e w t e b s e c n e r e f fi d

s u p i d e O e h t e g a t s s i h t t A . n o it c e f f a s ’ r e h t o m e h t r o f l a v ir s a s r e h t a f r i e h t w e i v

.s n i g e b x e l p m o

c Freud’sOedipu scomplexi saconceptt ha tdescirbesf eeilng sand lf

n o

c ictsi nachlid generatedf romt hedesrietopossesst hemothe rand t hedesrie d

li h c e h t ,r e v e w o H . r e h t a f e h t e c a l p e r o

t i safraid tha thewli lbepunished by t he ,

g n il e e f e s e h t r o f r e h t a

f andt herefore ,healsogenerate sananxiety. d

u e r

F beilevest ha tal lhuman being sgo t hrough t hesestagesi n t hesame d e k r o w e b t s u m t a h t s e u s s i r o s m e l b o r p n i a tr e c s e v l o v n i e g a t s h c a E . r e d r o

e c n o c f l e s ti x e l p m o c s u p i d e O e h T . h g u o r h

t rnst heyoungchlid’ sdesrie ot possess h

t f o y s u o l a e j d n a x e s e ti s o p p o e h t f o t n e r a p e h

(24)

n a m u h l a s r e v i n u a s i x e l p m o c s u p i d e O e h t t a h t s e v e il e

b expe irenceand t hatt he

s e s o r u e n f o e s u a c y r a m ir p e h t s i y ll u f s s e c c u s t i e t a it o g e n o t e r u li a

f when oneha s

t l u d a e m o c e

b (Dimirt i20 .)

x e l p m o C s u p i d e O 2 . 5 . 1

t g n i d r o c c

A o classica lpsychoanalyitc theory ,the complex o fOedipu s x

e l p m o

c appear s du irng the so-called "oedipa l phase" o f ilbidina l and ego e

s a h p l a p i d e o s i h T . t n e m p o l e v e

d occursbetweent heage soft hreeand ifveyears , t

s e fi n a m l a p i d e o h g u o h

t aitonmaybedetectedeariler .Thecomplex i snamedatfe r e

h

t Greek mythica lcharacte rOedipus ,who (albei tunknowingly )kill shi sfather , s u p i d e O e h t , d u e r F d n u m g i S o t g n i d r o c c A . a t s a c o J , r e h t o m s i h s e ir r a m d n a s u i a L

d n a , n o n e m o n e h p n o m m o c a s i x e l p m o

c i sresponsible fo rmuch unconsciou s .t

li u g

s u p i d e O e h t f o n o it u l o s e r l u f s s e c c u s e h t s r e d i s n o c y r o e h t l a c i s s a l C

l a u x e s f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h t o t y e k e h t , e l b a ri s e d y ll a t n e m p o l e v e d e b o t x e l p m o c

e il e b d u e r F . y ti t n e d i d n a s e l o

r ve s tha t boy s and gilr s resolve the confilct s y

lt n e r e f fi

d a saresul tof t he mal 'e scasrtaiton anxiety (caused by oedipa l irvarly e h t t a h t s e t a t s o s l a d u e r F . y v n e s i n e p s 'e l a m e f e h t d n a ) r e h t a f e h t h ti w

, s i s o r u e n n i t l u s e r d l u o c x e l p m o c s u p i d e O e h t f o n o it u l o s e r l u f s s e c c u s n u

i s s a l C . y ti l a u x e s o m o h d n a , a il i h p o d e

p ca ltheory hold stha t"resoluiton" o fthe e m a s e h t f o t n e r a p e h t h ti w n o it a c if it n e d i h g u o r h t e c a l p s e k a t x e l p m o c s u p i d e O

e ti s o p p o e h t ; x e s e ti s o p p o e h t f o t n e r a p e h t f o n o it c e j e r y r a r o p m e t d n a x e

s -sex

r e v o c s i d e r " n e h t s i t n e r a

(25)

9

r e h t o m " e r a l e v e l l a p i d e o e h t t a d e t a x if e r a o h w e l p o e p , y r o e h t l a c i s s a l c n

I

-r e h t a f " r o " d e t a x

if - ifxated" ,and reveal t hi sby choosing sexua lpatrner swho are s

e l b i n r e c s i

d urrogatesf ort hei rparen(ts) .Finally,t heconcepto fOedipu scomplex e

b ir c s e d o t s

i , inwhichhumanbeing sarel earningt odea lwtiht hei rproblem sand l a c i g o l o h c y s p r o n e s a e s i d a r e h ti e n s i x e l p m o c s u p i d e O , d e e d n I . t n e m t n i o p p a s i d

f o e s u f a e k il e r o m s i t i , r e d r o s i

d id ,ego and superego tha tall people are

.t i g n i v a h y lt n e r e h n

i Accordingt oFreud ,a sas e to fknowledge ,Oedipu scomplex s

i as rtucturedtheorytonamet heconfilc ttha toccursi nphalilcs tage .

x e l p m o C 3 . 5 . 1

The complex in Oedipu scomplex i snamed atfe rthe Greek mythica l .

r e h t a f s i h s ll i k d n a r e h t o m s i h s e ir r a m o h w , s u p i d e O r e t c a r a h

c According to

s a n e e s e b n a c x e l p m o c , s m r e t l a c i g o l o h c y s

p Psychologica lsrtucturethati nclude s .t

c il f n o

c In ltierary theory by Terry Eagleton ,complex can also be deifned a s t i h c i h w n i , d e s r e p s i d d n a p u t h g u a c s i t c e j b u s e h t h c i h w n i e c r o f f o d l e if g n it fi h s

o n t e y s a s a

h centerofi denttiyandi nwhicht heboundaire sbetween tisel fandt he e

d n i e r a d lr o w l a n r e t x

e terminate(154).

1.5.4Symptom

n o it i d e d ri h t e h t y g o l o h c y s P k o o b s i h n o n a m ti e l G y r n e H o t g n i d r o c c

A ,

l a c i s y h p a s a d e n if e d e b n a c m o t p m y

s indicaiton ,which can beseen and read i n e

v o r p o t r e d r

o the n -on physical-realtiy. I t i s the outward manfiestaiton s o f o

h t a p g n i y lr e d n

u logy ,which syndrome ile sast he pattern o fsymptoms t hat t end )

4 2 5 ( .r e h t e g o t o g o t

(26)

0 1

I I R E T P A H C

E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R N O W E I V E R

s a d e s u e b o t g n i o g e r a t a h t s e ir o e h t e h t s w e i v e r r e t p a h c s i h

T a fundamental

k r o w y r a r e ti

l for t hi sstudy .Thi schapte rconsist soft wo mainpa trs; f ris,tt heoreitca l

e h t s t n e s e r p t a h t n o it p ir c s e

d conten tof t he main t heo ire sused as t he reference sfo r

s e h T . y d u t s s i h

t econdpa tri st het heoreitcalf rameworkwheret hewrtierpresentst he

y a

w oft hes peci ifct heo ire susedast heguideilnet oanswert heproblemoft hes tudy.

. 1 .

2 Reviewo fRelatedTheories

e v a h o t r e d r o n

I a reilable j udgmen tupon al tierarywork,t he wrtierneeds to

k o o b r i e h t n I . s e h c a o r p p a l a c it ir c e z il it

u Reading and Wriitng Abou tLtierature ,

t s il a m r o f e h t y l e m a n s e h c a o r p p a l a c it ir c e v if t s e g g u s s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o R

p a r g o i b e h t , h c a o r p p

a hica l approach , the sociocutlural-histo irca l approach ,

. h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p d n a h c a o r p p a c i e o p o h t y

m These ifvec iritca lapproache sare

. y d u t s e h t n i y r o e h t t n a v e l e r f o e c n e d i v e e h t s a k r o w y r a r e ti l n i d e s u y ll a u s u

p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t s e il p p a y d u t s s i h

T proach in which the wrtie remploy s

e s e h T . s i s y l a n a o h c y s p d n a n o it a v it o m f o y r o e h t s ’ d u e r

F theo ire sareneededi n orde r

e h t l a e v e r o

t raitonaleoft heevent sandpersonailite stha tappeari nEljiah ,acharacte r

s ’ o h l e o C o l u a P n

(27)

1 1

1 . 1 .

2 Psychoanaly itcalt heoryo fMo itva iton

A character o fa novel i salway srelated t o tis aciton ,st houghts ,and feeilng s

s g n il e e f d n a , s t h g u o h t , s n o it c a e h T . r e t c a r a h c e h t f

o are ce trainly the matte rtha t

m o r f t n e r e f fi d d n a c if i c e p s r e t c a r a h c a s e k a

m everyone else. These dfiference sare

l a c i g o l o h c y s p n i r o i v a h e b s ’ n a m u h f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u e h t h g u o r h t d e n i a l p x e y lr a e l c

. w e i

v Psychologists are constanlty askingquesiton sand searchingf o ranswer sabou t

d y e h t s a t c a d n a , e v e il e b , e v a h e b e l p o e p w o h d n a y h

w o .Psychology , ilke any

l a c i s y h p h t o b f o s t n e v e g n i n i a l p x e d n a , g n it c i d e r p , g n i b ir c s e d f o s l a o g e h t s a h e c n e i c s

.l a t n e m d n

a Psychology then can be de ifned as t he scienit ifc study o fbehavio rand

. e g d e l w o n k e h t m o r f d e n i a g s n o it a c il p p a e h t

One o fthe resutl so fthe psychologica lstudy i sthe theory o fmoitvaiton .

f o e m o S . s t s i g o l o h c y s p y b n e v i g n o it a v it o m f o s n o it i n if e d r o s m r e t y n a m e r a e r e h T

s r e h t o s a e r e h w , n o s a e r g n i v l o v n i s s e c o r p d e t a l u c l a c a s i n o it a v it o m t a h t e t a t s m e h t

e d u ti tt a n a s a y e v n o

c .

t a h t n o it i d n o c e h t e b ir c s e d o t e v it o m m r e t e h t d e s u e v a h s t s i g o l o h c y s P

n a y h w s n i a l p x e n o it a v it o M . s m s i n a g r o f o r o i v a h e b e h t s t c e ri d d n a s e z i g r e n e

e m it n i a tr e c a t a y a w n i a tr e c a n i s t c a m s i n a g r

o . Sigmund Freud, t he founde rof t he

t h c a o r p p a c it y l a n a o h c y s

p o psychology no tonly suggest stha tmuch o f human

e l p o e p t a h t s t s e g g u s o s l a e h t u b , s e h s i w d n a , s r a e f ,s t h g u o h t f o t l u s e r e h t s i r o i v a h e b

t c e f f e g n o rt s a e v a h y e h t h g u o h t n e v e , s e c r o f g n it a v it o m e s e h t f o e r a w a n u n e tf o e r a

s e u g r a d u e r F . s r o i v a h e b r i e h t n

(28)

c it y l a n a o h c y s P . d o o h d li h c y lr a e d n a y c n a f n i g n ir u d s e c n e ir e p x e r u o m o r f t l u s e r

r o f s i s a b e h t s i t i , e l p o e p n e e w t e b s e c n e r e f fi d n i a l p x e o t d e s u n e e b o s l a s i y r o e h t

o s r e p g n i d n a t s r e d n u n i s e c n a v d a t n a tr o p m

i naltiy( 1989 :9) .

r e v e n a f o e c n e i c s e h t s i y ti l a n o s r e p s ’l a u d i v i d n i e h t t a h t s e v e il e b d u e r

F

r o f g n i v ir t s s e v ir d e l b a t p e c c a n u d n a e v it i m ir p e r a e r e h t d n a h e n o n o ; e lt t a b g n i d n e

s i u g s i d r o y n e d o t g n i y rt s e c r o f e r a e r e h t d n a h r e h t o e h t n o e li h w , n o i s s e r p x

e e t hese

s e if it n e d i o s l a e h t u b , d l e if e lt t a b a s a y ti l a n o s r e p e h t s w e i v y l n o t o n d u e r F . s e s l u p m i

. o g e r e p u s e h t d n a , o g e e h t , d i e h t : e lt t a b s i h t n i s t n a p i c it r a p e h t

n o s r e p h c a

E ha ssavage qualtiy a tthe roo to fou rpersonaltiy .Thi spar to f

s i y ti l a n o s r e

p called t hei d .According t oFreud ,people areborn wtiht wo i nsitnctua l

s e v ir d e t a n n i o w t e r a e r e h T .r o i v a h e b l l a r o f n o it a v it o m c i s a b e h t s a e v r e s t a h t s e v ir d

d e ll a c s i e n O . r o i v a h e b s ’ e n o e m o s e c r o f t a h

t Erros which i ncludes t he needs t o ea t

t , k n ir d d n

a o be warm ,and t o engage i n sexua lacitvtiy .The second i nnate d irve i s

s o t a n a h

T ,a desrtucitve d irve .The aim i s t o des rtoy others ,but t here i salso a sefl

-fl e s s i h T . ti o t t c e p s a e v it c u rt s e

d -desrtucitve i mpulse i sno tonlyseeni nsuicide ,bu t

a h e h t n

i rmfu lexcesses i n which so many people engage ,such a sd irnking alcohol ,

r e v o d n a , g n i k o m

s eaitng (1989 :472) .The i d , ilke t he savage ,wants t o saitsfy t hese

ti w d e n r e c n o c t o n s i t I . y a w e t a i d e m m i d n a t c e ri d t s o m e h t n i s e v ir d e v it i m ir

p h

r o c i g o l , y ti l a e

r manner .s Humanbeingwli lno tbeawareoft hesed irve sbecauset he

. y ti l a n o s r e p r u o f o l e v e l s u o i c s n o c n u e h t t a s e t a r e p o d i

l o rt n o c o t s p o l e v e d o g e e h t s h t n o m 6 f o e g a e h t d n u o r a t a t a h t s t s e g g u s d u e r F

w e i v s ’ n o s r e p e h t s i o g e e h T . d i e h t f o s e s l u p m i e h

(29)

3 1

d n a d r a w e r f o s e it il i b i s s o p e h t t n u o c c a o t n i g n i k a t y b s e s l u p m i d i e h t y f s it a s o t s e ir t

e l p i c n ir p y ti l a e r e h t n o s k r o w t i ,s d r o w r e h t o n I . n o it a u ti s a n i t s i x e t a h t t n e m h s i n u p

.) 2 7 4 : 9 8 9 1 (

n o s r e p

A canview t hei d a soperaitng ont hesigna l“ Iwant i tnow” .The ego

e s u a c t ’ n o w t a h t y a w a n i ti t e g d n a c it s il a e r e b s ’t e L “ , g n i y a s y b d n a m e d s i h t s r e w s n a

w l a e d o s l a t s u m , r e v e w o h , s e c r o f o w t e s e h T ” . e l b u o

rt tih t he superego ,which says ,

T ” ? ti t n a w o t t h g ir s i tI . k n i h T

“ hes uperegor epresent sou rconscience . tIi ncludest he

u o y b s u n i d e ll it s n i y l e g r a l e r a t a h t g n o r w d n a t h g ir f o s e u l a v l a r o

m rparents .The

s a h e h n e h w y tl i u g l e e f n o s r e p a s e k a m o g e r e p u

s donet he wrong t hing .People who

e v e b l li w o g e r e p u s e h t y b d e t a n i m o d e r

a ry upitgh tand sefl-conscious ;they mus t

i ti ” ? y a w s i h t t c a r o l e e f o t t h g ir t i s I “ , s e v l e s m e h t k s a y lt n a t s n o

c st he superego t ha t

s m e h t r e tt e b o t e l p o e p s e t a v it o

m elvesandt o ilveupt ot heriideal .s

x e l p m o C s u p i d e O 2 . 1 . 2

Oedipu scomplex ha sa signi ifcan trelaiton wtih t he id ,ego ,and superego .

e h t d e ll a c n e h t h c i h w x e l p m o c e h t , y r o e h t c it y l a n a o h c y s p l a c i s s a l c o t g n i d r o c c A

o g e d n a l a n i d i b il f o ” e s a h p l a p i d e o “ d e ll a c o s e h t g n ir u d s r a e p p a x e l p m o c s u p i d e O

i s s a l c e h t s e t o n d u e r F . t n e m p o l e v e

d cal t heory considers t he successfu lresoluiton o f

f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h t o t y e k e h t , e l b a ri s e d y ll a t n e m p o l e v e d e b o t x e l p m o c s u p i d e O e h t

f o t l u s e r a s a y lt n e r e f fi d s t c il f n o c e h t e v l o s e r s lr i g d n a s y o B . y ti t n e d i d n a s e l o r l a u x e s

w , y t e i x n a n o it a rt s a c s ’ e l a m e h

t hich i scaused by t he oedipa l irvarlywtih t hefather ,

e h T . s w o ll o f s a x e l p m o c s u p i d e O e h t s n i a l p x e d u e r F . y v n e s i n e p s ’ e l a m e f e h t d n a

t s ri f s ’ d li h

(30)

d a o r b a n i r e h s t n a w , s e s s e r a

c lysexua lway .Youngboys ,howeve rarei ncompeititon

d n a , r e g n o rt s , r e g g i b e r a s r e h t a f ri e h t t u b , s g n ir e f f o s ’ r e h t o m e h t r o f s r e h t a f ri e h t h ti w

n i t n i o p s i h t t A . s r e h t o m e h t h ti w p e e l s o t t e g s r e h t a f e h t d n a , e r a y e h t n a h t r e tr a m s

ti , e fi

l seems t hat t he chlid who has something i sbetter t han no thaving something ,

t h g i m t a h w g n ir e d n o w y b d e t n u a h o s l a s i e H . y o b a s a d e s a e l p s i e h d n

a have

. a il a ti n e g ’ s lr i g o t d e n e p p a

h The Oedipu scomplex i sparitculalry impo tran tfo r

n a m u h h t o b g n i d n a t s r e d n

u consciousnes sandt heo irgin so fmos tneurosis .Freudalso

, s i s o r u e n n i tl u s e r n a c x e l p m o c s u p i d e O e h t f o n o it u l o s e r l u f s s e c c u s n u e h t t a h t s d l o h

. y ti l a u x e s o m o h d n a , a il i h p o d e p

Oedipu scomplex theory i sno tmerely abou tgentiaila-envy problem .I t

c a e

r h es into something more complex ilke how people can proces sthei remoitona l

l li w w o h d n a , s n o it a u ti s e l b a tr o f m o c n u h c u s n i d e c a l p e r a y e h t n e h w s e v it c e p s r e p d n a

r e p o r p s i t i , s u h T . ti h ti w l a e d y e h

t to use psychoanalysi sin orde rto analyze the

m o c s u p i d e

O plexi nEljiah’ sproblem sandconfilctsi nt hi snovel .

o g e r e p u s d n a o g e , d i f o s e l o r e h

T inpsychoanalysi sareveryi mpo trantr elate s

s ’ n a m u h y r e v e n i t c il f n o c l a n r e t n i s i x e l p m o c s u p i d e O e c n i S . x e l p m o c s u p i d e O o t

n a e m t i , d e v l o s e b o t s d e e n t a h t m e l b o r

p stha tOedipu scomplex ha sa srtong

e m e h c s a s y a l p x e l p m o c s u p i d e O , e r e H . o g e r e p u s d n a , o g e , d i h ti w n o it c e n n o

c tha t

e h t o t g n i d r o c c A . o g e r e p u s d n a o g e , d i e h t f o t n e r e h n i e h t o t s e t a l e

r concept fo

s a d e n if e d e b n a c d i e h t , x e l p m o c s u p i d e

O Eros and Thanatos .Eros in Oedipu s

o t n o s e h t f o n o it n e t n i e h t h g u o r h t d e m r o f r e p s i x e l p m o

c possess the mother ,whlie

s o t a n a h

(31)

5 1

r e g n o rt s , l u f r e w o p e r o m s i t a h t r e h t a f e h t f o r e t c a r a h c e h t n i n e e

s ,bigger ,and have

r a e f d n a y t e i x n a r a l u c it r a p s g n ir b y ll a u t c a o g e s i h T . r e h t o m e h t n w o o t y ti r o h t u a e r o m

s e s s o p o t y ti li b a n i f

o s the mother ,o rto seize the mothe rfrom hi sfather .In the

t s a c s ’ e l a m f o y t e i x n a e h t s e v l o s e r o s l a d li h c e h t , x e l p m o c s u p i d e

O raiton a sa resul t

. r e h t a f e h t h ti w y rl a v ir l a p i d e o e h t f

o Freudexplainst heOedipu scomplexasf ollows .

t s ri f s ’ d li h c e h

T - elov -object i s t he mother .The chlid want she ratteniton ,affeciton ,

s y o b g n u o Y . y a w l a u x e s y l d a o r b a n i r e h s t n a w , s e s s e r a c , s k li

m howeve rare in

, r e g g i b e r a s r e h t a f ri e h t t u b , s g n ir e f f o s ’ r e h t o m e h t r o f s r e h t a f ri e h t h ti w n o it it e p m o c

t A . s r e h t o m e h t h ti w p e e l s o t t e g s r e h t a f e h t d n a , e r a y e h t n a h t r e tr a m s d n a , r e g n o rt s

g n i h t e m o s g n i v a h o h w d li h c e h t t a h t s m e e s t i , e fi l n i t n i o p s i h

t i sbette rthan no t

. g n i h t e m o s g n i v a

h Howeve ,rt hechlid’ sguitlfo rwha theha sdoneandf etlwhichwli l

m i h e k a

m become ilke hi sfather i s t he authenitc evidence of t he superego. When

’ e n o e m o

s ssuperego i sadapted s rtappingly in hi slfie ,tha tperson wli lpossibly

f i t u b , r e d r o t h g ir a n i g n i h t y r e v e o d o t s a h o h w , n o s r e p w a r a , n o s r e p e v ï a n a e m o c

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