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S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T …………………………………………………….. ix
T C A R T S B
A …………………………………………………………………… ix i
K A R T S B
A ……………………………………………………………………… iix i N
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2UnderstandingPatirarchy... 11 .
3 TheI dea so fFeminism... 51 .
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B Approachoft heStudy ... 1....2 .
C Methodoft heStudy ... 12 S
Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H
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1 Zarr iBano’ sPhysica lAppearance ... 52 .
2 Zarr iBano’ sCharacteirsitcs... 72 .
a AWell-educatedWoman ... 72 .
b AFeminis t... 82 .
c ARebe l ... 9..2 .
3 Zarr iBano’ sSexua lDesrieandPersona lAmbiiton... 13 .
B ThePatirarcha lSystemSeeni nZarr iBano’ sSociety... 33 .
1 Men’ sDominaiton ... 33 .
a Men’ sDominaitoni nPubilcAreaAcitviites... 43 .
b Men’ sDominaitont oDecideWomen’ sLfie... 53 .
x .
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b Women’ sLimtiaitont oDeilve rOpinions ... 34 .
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1 Zarr iBano’ sSuffeirngf romt heExclusiont oDecide ... 64 .
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S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H
C ON………………………………………………. .6 0
O I L B I
B GRAPHY…………………………………………………………….. 64 :
X I D N E P P
i x
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B A Woman’ sSuffering sa sthe Resul to fPatriarcha l a r s i a Q f o r e t c a r a h C r o j a M e h t h g u o r h T d e t c e lf e R y t e i c o S n a t s i k a P n i m e t s y S
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S TheHolyWoman .Yogyaka tra :Depatrmen to fEngilshLetters ,Facutly .
3 1 0 2 , y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , s r e tt e L f o
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y b d e s s e r p p o n e m o
w en .In Pakistan, t heoppression frequenlty appears through m
u g r a n o it i d a rt d n a l a r u tl u c e h
t ents .Rathert hana saneffo trt opreservet hecutlure , . n e m o w o t s g n il e e f s s e n i p p a h n u g n ir b d n a n e m o t ti f e n e b e v i g t s u j e r a s n o it i d a rt e h t
e h t s a s g n ir e f f u s s ’ n a m o w a n o s u c o f ll i w y d u t s s i h t , k r o w s ’ z a r h a h S a r s i a Q g n i s U
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r akistan Society re lfected through the majo r n
i r e t c a r a h
c TheHolyWoman. s e v it c e j b o e e r h t e r a e r e h
T formulated a sthe basi so fthe study.Frist ,to w
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e s suffeirng sast her esul to fpatirarchals ystem. e
m o s e r a e r e h
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t haracteirzaiton .Second ,understandingparitarchy .Thrid , F
f o s a e d i e h
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T ows :Zarr iBano i samature28-y -ear ll e w a s i e h S . n a m o w s u o e g r o g d n a s u o r o m a l g a s a d e b ir c s e d o h w n a m o w d l
o
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fi
l .Patirarchy occur sin the atttiude and behavio ro fZarr iBano’ sclose tfamliy r
e b m e
m s –he rbrothe,rf ather ,andgrandfather .Becauseoft hepatirarcha lsystems , e
c n e ir e p x e o n a B i r r a
Z suffe irngs .Zarr iBano’ ssuffeirngs can beseen t hrough he r s
a h c u s , e d u ti tt
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s e l e p o h r
o ness .
ii x
K A R T S B A
. Y T N E D E T T E D A N R E
B A Woman’ sSuffering sa sthe Resul to fPatriarcha l n
i m e t s y
S Pakistan Society RelfectedThrough t heMajorCharactero fQaisra s
’ z a r h a h
S TheHolyWoman .Yogyakatra :JurusanSasrtaI ngg ir ,s Fakutla sSasrta , .
3 1 0 2 , a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U
i a g a b e s k i a b e m s i n i m e f n a h u b m u tr e
P peneilitan maupungerakan telah
g n e
m haslikanbanyak perubahan besardalam pemikriansosia l danpoilitk , namun i
k a l h e l o s a d n it r e t g n a y n a u p m e r e p k a y n a b h i s a m , a y n g n a y a
s - ilak . D i Pakistan ,
i s i d a rt n a d a y a d u b n a t a b e d r e p i u l a l e m l u c n u m g n ir e s n a s a d n i n e
p . Bukannyasebaga i
a y a d u b n a k ir a t s e l e m k u t n u a y a p
u , rtadisihanyamembe irkan manfaa t bagil -aki i
k a
l dan membawakeitdakbahagiaanb agi perempuan . z
a r h a h S a r s i a Q a y r a k n a k a n u g g n e
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n a a ti r e d n e p a d a
p seorangperempuansebaga iakiba tdairsistempat irarkid imasyaraka t n
a t s i k a
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a l a s a m a g it a d
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m a t u r e t k a r a k a n a m i a g a b u h a t i r a c n e
m The Holy Womandigambarkandalam certia . i d a jr e ti k r a ir t a p m e t s i s a p a t a k a r a y s a m k e p s a m a l a d n a k s a l e j n e m k u t n u , a u d e
K d i
a ti r e c m a l a
d . Keitga , untuk mendeifnisikanbagaimanakarakterutamamengalam i n
a a ti r e d n e
p sebaga iakibatdar isistempat irarki.
s a t a i d n a u j u t a g it b a w a j n e m k u t n u n a k p a r e ti d g n a y i r o e t a p a r e b e b a d
A .
a m a tr e
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g it e
K , ei - ed i fd eminisme .Peneilitaninidtiuil sdengan menggunakanmetodeilbrary -h
c r a e s e
r .PendekatanyangdigunakanadalahpendekatanFeminisme . li
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s a d r e c n a d r a j a l e p r e t a ti n a w g n a r o e s h a l a d a o n a B ir r a Z n u p i k s e
M , dia tetap
a y n p u d i h m a l a d i k r a ir t a p m e t s i s ir a d n a b r o k i d a j n e
m .Patirarktiejradidalam sikapdan
a g r a u l e k a t o g g n a u k a li r e
p terdeka tZarr iBano-kakaknya ,ayahnya ,dan kakeknya . i
k r a ir t a p m e t s i s a n e r a
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a a ti r e d n e
p Zarr iBanodapa tdiilha tmelaluisikapn ,ya seperitgoncangan,penolakan , ,
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1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
m s i n i m e F . e v l o v e o t s e u n it n o c m s i n i m e f t u o b a n o i s s u c s i d , s r a e y y n a m r o F
l a i c o s e h t d n a ’ n e m o w ‘ d n a ’ n e m ‘ f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u r u o s n o it s e u q y ll a c i d a r
.) i x : 2 9 9 1 , m m u H ( s e c n e r e f fi d r i e h t n i a t n i a m h c i h w s e r u t c u rt s
l a n o s r e p s ’ n e m o w d n a n e m n i , e l p m a x e r o f , r u c c o s e c n e r e f fi d e h T
, l a n o it a r d n a , g n o rt s , e v it c a e r a n e m t a h t y a s o t n o m m o c y r e v s i t I . s e it r e p o r p
e v it a g e n r i e h t e v a h n e m o W . l a n o it o m e d n a , k a e w , e v i s s a p e r a n e m o w e li h w
l a n o s r e
p properites ,which are no tmen’ spersonal image .Wtih these negaitve
c il b u p n i n i o j o t y ti n u tr o p p o e m a s e h t e v a h t o n o d n e m o w , s e it r e p o r p l a n o s r e p
e s r u o c f O . n e m y b d e t a n i m o d e r a t a h t s e it i v it c a a e r
a thi sstiuaiton give smen
e g e li v ir p l a i c e p
s s and disadvantage sfo rwomen .Thi scondiiton i srelated to
. o t s g n o l e b y t e i c o s h c i h w n i m e t s y s l a h c r a ir t a p
. n e m y b d e ll o rt n o c m e t s y s l a i c o s a s a d e n if e d s i l a r e n e g n i y h c r a ir t a P
a i v l y S o t g n i d r o c c
A Walby in Theorziing Patriarchy ,pat irarchy is a system o f m
h c i h w n i , s e c it c a r p d n a s e r u t c u rt s l a i c o
s en dominate ,oppres sand exploi t u
s e r p e h t y b d e s u a c s i n o i s s e r p p o e h T . ) 1 0 2 : 0 9 9 1 , y b l a W ( n e m o
w mpiton tha t
e l b a u l a v s s e l e r a n e m o
w thanmen.
t s i n i m e F . y t e i c o s e h t e g n a h c o t y rt s t s i n i m e f , n o it p m u s e r p s i h t t a g n i k o o
L s
e s
u se toft heoryt ha twecalledFeminismt o rtansformt hesociety .MaggieHumm n
n o it a n i m o d t s i x e s e t a c i d a r e o t t n e m ti m m o c a h ti w d e n i b m o c y ti l a u q e l a u x e s n i
. ) 1 : 2 9 9 1 , m m u H ( y t e i c o s m r o f s n a rt o t d n
a Feminism i sbelieved no tonly a sa s d r a w o t n o it a n i m o d s ’ n e m e t a n i m il e o t s t n e m e v o m d e ti n u s a o s l a t u b , y r o e h t
. n e m o w
s tl u s e r t n e m e v o m a d n a y d u t s a s a h t o b m s i n i m e f f o h t w o r g e h
T in many
c il b u p n i n e m o w f o e c n e g r e m e e h T . s c it il o p d n a g n i k n i h t l a i c o s n i s e g n a h c r o j a m
c a p
s e –wherea sin pas t itme i salmos timpossible– i ssuccessfully proving thi s
m u n e h t n I . n o it a u ti
s ber so fwomen who are able to go to schools ;to become
n e m o w y n a m e r a e r e h t l li t s ; s t n e d i s e r p n e v e , s n a i c it il o p , s t s it r a , s r e k r o w e c if f o
s ’ n e m o w , n o it a ti m il s ’ n e m o w s d r a w o t s e m o c n o i s s e r p p o e h T . n e m y b d e s s e r p p o
e h t t a h t s n a e m t I . e p a r n e v e , e c n e l o i v d n a e s u b a l a c i g o l o h c y s p , l a c i s y h p , l a u x e s
h l a o g ’ s t s i n i m e
f a sno tbeenarleadyaccompilshed .
t e ll i M e t a
K in Sexua l Poilitcs quesitoned , how wa s i t possible fo r o t s s e c c a , n o it a c u d e d a h n e m o w h c i h w n i d lr o w a n i e u n it n o c o t l a h c r a ir t a p
i s i v t o n e r e w d n a , s t h g ir l a c it il o p d n a l i v i c e v i s n e t x e d n a s e c r u o s e r l a i c n a n
if bly
, d e t s e g g u s e h s , r e w s n a e h T .) 5 2 : 0 7 9 1 , t e ll i M ( ? n o i c r e o c t c e ri d f o s m r o f o t t c e j b u s
f o s s e c o r p e h t y b t i g n i c a r b m e o t n i d e n o it i d n o c e r e w n e m o W . y g o l o h c y s p n i y a l
x e
s -role stereotyping .From ea lry ch lidhood ,women were rtained to accep ta i
d h c i h w m e t s y
s videdsocietyi ntomaleandf emalespheres ,wtihapprop irater ole s e
l a m e h t o t y l e v i s u l c x e r e w o p c il b u p a d e t a c o ll a h c i h w d n a , h c a e r o
f -sphere .
i p y t o e r e t s r e d n e
G ng d fife rfemale “normal” mean spassive ,whlie fo rmale ,i t s
n a e
3
l a e r n e h t s t s i n i m e
F ize tha tthere are stli la lo to fthing sha sto do to
c a f y t e i c o s e h t m r o f s n a rt o t t r o f f e r i e h T . y t e i c o s e h t m r o f s n a
rt e s wtih vairou s
t c e t o r p o t s m i a t a h t m e t s y s d n a s m r o f y h c r a ir t a
p men’s supeirortiy .In Asia ,i t
n a l a r u tl u c e h t h g u o r h t s r a e p p a y lt n e u q e r
f d rtadiiton argument .Rathert han a san
it i d a rt e h t , e r u tl u c e h t e v r e s e r p o t tr o f f
e on sarej us tgivebeneftit omen and b irng
y p p a h n
u feeilngst owomen .
t s i k a P n i n e e s e b n a c n o it a u ti s s i h
T an society .Fo rPakistan people ,land
i h s r e n w
o p sandi nhertiance sarei mpo trant .Tokeep t hei rbelongings ,menwli ldo
g n i h t y n
a ,i ncludingusecutluralreason ,tooppres swomen. Thei rp irdei nt hel and
p i h s r e n w
o s andi nhertiancesbecomether easono fKaroKiir( honou rkliilng )case s
o s n a t s i k a P n i s r a e p p a y lt n e u q e r f t a h
t ciety .Sada fZahra ,an acitvis tand af emale
t s il a n r u o j i n a t s i k a
P , i n Women in Pakistan - Vicitm soft heSocia land Economic Desecra itonexplains ,“I fwego t o t he roo tcause oft hesehonou rkliilng swesee
, d n a l f o n o it s e u q e h t o t d e k n il e r a y e h t t a h
t water , money and prope try
(http://www.marxis.tcom) . ”
a r h a Z o
t g
n i d r o c c
A , women in Pakistan ,
, s a e r a l a r u r n i e v il o h w e s o h tr e v o e r o
m do no t have the irgh t to decide because
d n a l a i c o s t n a n i m o d e h t o t g n i d r o c c a s e r u t a e r c h s il o o f s a d e r e d i s n o c e r a n e m o w
. s m r o n l a r u tl u
c Zahradeifnes ,“Awoman' s irghtt o ilbe tryi sr est irctedi nt hename
t c a l a r o m m i f o n o it n e v e r p d n a n o it c e t o r p , y t s e d o m f
o ivtiy
) m o c .t s i x r a m . w w w // : p tt h
( ”.Thi scondiiton i sgrealty captured by Qaisra Shahraz
d e lt it l e v o n r e h n
i TheHolyWoman.Amazon.comdescirbest hebook: 8
2 s u o r o m a l g e h t ,i r r a
Z -y -earolddaughte ro faweatlhyl andowne,rf all s n
a k i S y r r a m o t s e h s i w d n a e v o l n
, r e tf a n o o S . e g a ir r a m r i e h t s ti b i h o r p d n a r e d n a k i S s e k il s i d , b i b a H
i r r a Z e k a m o t s e d i c e d e h d n a t n e d i c c a n a n i d e ll i k s i n o s y l n o s ' b i b a H
o t s s e ri e h n a s e ri u q e r t a h t n o it i d a rt t n e i c n a n a g n it c e r r u s e r , s s e ri e h s i h
n i a m e
r ceilbatef ort her es to fherl fie .Unablet o marry ,Zariri sf orced d
n a r e h t a f r e h o t t i m b u s o
t become s he r clan' s holy woman . (http://www.amazon.com/).
e h t h g u o r h
T character sin The Holy Woman ,Qaria Shahraz want sto t
u o b a n i a l p x
e patirarcha lsystem and women’ ssuffeirngsi n Pakistan society .A s
i , s y a s a r h a
Z n the name o fmodesty ,proteciton and preveniton o fimmora l
y ti v it c
a , women’ s ilbetry i s restircted (http://www.marxis.tcom) . I t resu tl s
j a m e h t m o r f n e e s e b n a c s g n ir e f f u s s ’ n e m o W . s g n ir e f f u s s ’ n e m o
w o rcharacter’ s
fl e s , e m a h s , tl i u g , r e g n a , f e il e b s i d , l a i n e d , k c o h s s a h c u s , e d u ti tt
a –blame ,feeilng
s s e l e p o h r o , d a
s whenherf athe rdecide sherl fie .Thi skindo fatttiudealso canbe
u s , s r e t c a r a h c e l a m e f r e h t o e h t h g u o r h t n e e
s ch a sthe majo rcharacter’s mother ,
. s r o b h g i e n e l a m e f d n a , s r e t s i
s Sincet hesecharacter sare ilmtiedt os peakupandt o
. s g n ir e f f u s e c n e ir e p x e y e h t ,s e v l e s m e h t s s e r p x e
n o s u c o f ll i w y d u t s s i h t , k r o w s ’ z a r h a h S a r s i a Q g n i s
U awoman’ss uffeirng
n i m e t s y s l a h c r a ir t a p f o t l u s e r e h t s
a PakistanSocietya sseent hroughZarr iBano ,
.r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h
t Zarr iBano i schosen t o be thesubjec tof t he study because
e h
s i sforced by he rfathert o bet heHoly Woman .Through t heroleoft heHoly
ll i w y d u t s s i h t , o n a B i r r a Z o t d e c r o f s i t a h t n a m o
W explore how women in
e h t n i e r a y t e i c o s n a t s i k a
P pingra – a bridcage to which thei rfathe rand elder s .
y e k e h t d l o
h Thi sstudy wantt o explain t ha twomen are madet o beilevefi t hey
e v a
h thei rfreedom , bu t actually men hold women’ s identtiy and determine
g n ir e f f u s s ’ n a m o w a s tl u s e r ti d n a e fi l s ’ n e m o w e d i c e d n e m w o h n I . e fi l s ’ n e m o w
5
.
B ProblemFormula iton
n i a m e e r h t e r a e r e h t , e v o b a y d u t s e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e h t o t g n ir r e f e R
: e r a s n o it s e u q e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i d e s s u c s i d e b l li w t a h t d e t a l u m r o f s n o it s e u q
.
1 How i sthe majo rcharacte ro fThe Holy Woman descirbed in the ?
y r o t s
.
2 Inwha taspect sofs ocietydoe spatirarchals ystemoccuri nt hes tory?
.
3 How doe sthe majo rcharacte rexpeirence suffe irngs a sthe resul to f
? m e t s y s l a h c r a ir t a p
.
C Objecitve soft heStudy
t a h t r a e l c s i ti , e v o b a d e t a t s n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t n i s n o it s e u q e h t m o r F
i F . s e v it c e j b o e e r h t s a h y d u t s s i h
t rs,tt hi sstudyhast heobjecitvet o ifgureou thow
f o r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h
t The Holy Womani sdescirbed in the story .Second ,thi s s
a h y d u t
s theobjecitvet oexplaint heaspect so fsocietypat irarcha lsystem occur s
t s a h y d u t s s i h t , d ri h T . y r o t s e h t n
i heobjecitvet o deifnehowthemajo rcharacte r
e c n e ir e p x
e s suffeirng sast her esul to fpatirarchals ystem.
.
D De ifniitono fTerms
n i d e n i a l p x e e b o t e v a h t a h t s m r e t e m o s e r a e r e h
T thi sstudy in orde rto
s g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v
a ,a smenitonbellow:
.
1 HolyWoman,or aShahzadiI badat ,i sawomanwhodevote she rwholel fie .
d o G e h t o t p i h s r o w r o f y l n
o Dr .Sheirn Shervani in Qaisra Shahra z :The a
r E w e N e h t f o t s il e v o
il e r a e b o t e fi l d e ir r a m l a m r o n s e c n u o n e r o h
w giou s
n a m o
w <http://http://www.academia.edu> .Atlhought herei snosuchkindo f
n o i g il e r m a l s I n i o s l a , y t e i c o s n a t s i k a P n i m r e t e h
t –which i nsprie sPakistan
, y t e i c o
s - the autho ro f “The Holy Woman” create sthi sterm to porrtay o
s ti m il o t tr o f f e s ’ e n o e m o
s meoneelse’ silberaitonandf reedom.
.
2 Patirarcha lSystem in genera li sde ifned a sa socia lsystem conrtolled by
a i v l y S o t g n i d r o c c A . n e
m Walbyi n Theo irzingPatriarchy ,tii sasystemo f e d n a s s e r p p o , e t a n i m o d n e m h c i h w n i ,s e c it c a r p d n a s e r u t c u rt s l a i c o
s xploi t
e h t y b d e s u a c s i n o i s s e r p p o e h T . ) 1 0 2 : 0 9 9 1 , y b l a W ( n e m o
w presumpiton
e l b a u l a v s s e l e r a n e m o w t a h
t thanmen.
.
3 Suffe irng;accordingt oA .S .Hornby,t heword‘ suffeirng ’mean s1 .Physica l n
i a p l a t n e m r
o 2 .Feeilngo fpainandunhappiness( Hornby ,2000 :1300) .So s
a d e b ir c s e d s i g n ir e f f u s s ’ n a m o w , n e h
t unhappyfeeilng ;physica lo rmenta l s a s r a e p p a g n ir e f f u s s ’ n a m o w a , y d u t s s i h t n I . n a m o w y b d e c n e ir e p x e n i a p
6
I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
.
A ReviewonRelatedStudies n a m o W y l o H e h
T i sastorytha tdoe sno tonlyb irnglovestorya stist heme , k
o o b s i h t e r o m r e h tr u f t u
b alsob irngst hei ssue sofI slamt hati n lfuencedPakistan
t s ri f e h t e c n i S . s n o it i d a rt d n a s e r u tl u
c pub ilcaiton ,thi sbook ha sbeen rtanslated
e m o s e r a e r e h T . s n o it n e tt a s ’ c il b u p k o o t y ll u f s s e c c u s d n a s e g a u g n a l l a r e v e s o t n i
. y r o t s e h t n o d e s a b s e h c r a e s e r d n a s y a s s e l a c it ir c
a t a n a S , e m m a r g o r P y d u t S s r e tt e L h s il g n E f o t n e d u t s a , a g a r u n a H g n a s i R
v i n U a m r a h
D erstiy ,usesQaisraShahraz’ sltierary work The Holy Woman a shi s d
e lt it s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h t c u d n o c o t a t a d y r a m ir
p The Five Basic Mora l
. n a m o W y l o H s ’ z a r h a h S a r si a Q n i n e e S s A m a l s I f o s g n i h c a e
T Hanuraga use s
l a r o
m -phliosophica lapproach to analyzed QaisraShahraz’ s ltierary work . He
d e s u c o
f on the mora lmessage ,which can be seen in some o fthe character sin
s ’ z a r h a h S a r s i a
Q Holy Woman . Hanuragabeileved thatQaisraShahraz , through s e g a s s e m l a r o m e m o s s e t a t s , s r e t c a r a h c r o j a m s a a m it a F d n a o n a B y r r a Z
(Hanuraga ,2012 :4 .)
s a h g n a s i R t a h w h ti w a t a d y r a m ir p e m a s e h t s e s u y d u t s s i h t h g u o h tl A
t u b , e n o
d no tmerely same .Thi sstudyf ocusesto ifgureou twoman’ ssuffeirng a s
y t e i c o s n a t s i k a P n i m e t s y s l a h c r a ir t a p f o t l u s e r e h
t .Thi sstudy use sfeminism
h c a o r p p
g n i s
U feminism approach to analyze a ltierary work cetrainly i sno tthe
. e n o d e b o t e m it t s ri
f In fact ,thereare many wrtiers ,students ,ciritc swho use s
b a n i a l p x e o t h c a o r p p a m s i n i m e
f ou twomen’ sposiiton i n society .Someof t hose
e r a h c r a e s e r ri e h t n i h c a o r p p a m s i n i m e f e s u o h
w student so fEngilsh Letter sStudy
r g o r
P amme ,Sanata Dharma Universtiy :Amanda RinduDyahPerdana ,Eilsabeth
, a ll e c r a
M andDhesitFtiirSetyaningrum.
d r e P o t g n i d r o c c
A ana in he r undergraduate thesi s itlted Patriarchy , n i r e t c a r a h C e h t h g u o r h T d e t c e lf e R m s i n i m e F f o a e d I e h T d n a , g n i r e ff u S n e m o W
, e fi L f o t c u d n o C e h T ’ s e n r o F e n e r I a i r a M
t a h t d e e r g a s i tI . n e m o w d n a n e m n o e p y t o e r e t s d e t a e r c s a h y t e i c o s r u O
s a n w o n k s i n a
m raitona land i ntelilgen tcreature ,whlie woman i s t he r o f r i a f n u e ti u q s i e p y t o e r e t s s i h T ] … [ . s n o it o m e r e h f o e r u t a e r c
w o ll a h s t a h t y o rt s e d o t ” n o p a e w “ a s a n o it c n u f m s i n i m e f ,s u h T . n e m o w
.) x : 8 0 0 2 , a n a d r e P ( n o it p e c r e p n o m m o c
i n i m e f t u o b a a e d i s ’ a n a d r e
P smi susedt oanalyze( 1 )howmalecharacter s
e c n e ir e p x e s r e t c a r a h c e l a m e f w o h ) 2 ( ; e r u tl u c l a h c r a ir t a p s t n e s e r p e r y r o t s e h t n i
s ’ a n a d r e P . ) x : 8 0 0 2 ( m s i n i m e f t c e lf e r s r e t c a r a h c e l a m e f w o h ) 3 ( ; s g n ir e f f u s
n i r e t c a r a h c e l a m t a h t s w o h s s i s y l a n
a The Conduc tof Lfie presen tpatirarchy h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r r i e h t d n a b o j r i e h t n i e c n a m r o fr e p ’ s r e t c a r a h c e l a m h g u o r h t
. n e m o w
y b d e s u o s l a s i h c a o r p p a m s i n i m e
F Marcella in he rundergraduate thesi s
d e lt
it Idea s o fFeminism Relfected in Juile’t s Struggle s Seen Shakespeare’s t
e il u J d n a o e m o
R . Marcella use s feminism approach to show Juile’ts , in s
’ e r a e p s e k a h
8
e r a t a h t y a l p e h t n
i verypassiveand obedientt omen( Marcella ,2010 :2) .Ju ile’t s
e h t n i d e t c i p e d s i h c i h w , y t e i c o s l a h c r a ir t a p t s n i a g a t h g if r e h n o d e s a b s i e l g g u rt s
. y r o t s
a e d i e h
T so ffeminism i salso apparen tinSetyaningrum’sundergraduate
s i s e h
t analysi sin Feminism Idea sRelfected Through The Major’ sCharacte r p o s s e J e n il o r a C y B e p a c s E n i y t e i c o S l a h c r a i r t a P s d r a w o T n o it c a e
R .
p o s s e J n y l o r a C s n o it c a e r e m o s t u o b a n o it a n a l p x e f e ir b s e v i g m u r g n i n a y t e S
a g y l o p d n a , n o i s s e r p p o s ’ n e m o w , n o it a n i m o d e l a m f o e c n e t s i x e e h t s d r a w o
t myi n
m u r g n i n a y t e S o t g n i d r o c c A . y t e i c o s l a h c r a ir t a
p ,escapei sCarolyn’ s ifnalr eaciton
. ) 4 0 1 : 0 1 0 2 , m u r g n i n a y t e S ( y ti l a u q e d n a m o d e e r f t e g o t tr o f f e r e h s a
h ti w y ti r a li m i s s a h y d u t s s i h t h g u o h tl
A undergraduate thesi sdone by
a n a d r e
P ,Marcela ,andSetyaningrum ,hi sstudyha ssomes tirkingdfiferences .One
f
o the p irncipa ldfiferences i sRindu used Ma ira Irene Fornes’ The Conduc to f ,
e fi
L Marcella used Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juile,t dan Setyaningrum used s
’ p o s s e J e n il o r a
C Escape a sthei rmain source o fthe research .Thi sstudy use s s
’ z a r h a h S a r s i a
Q The Holy Woman a sthe main source o fthe study .Thi sstudy s
e if ir a l
c a woman’ ssuffe irng a sthe resul to fpatirarcha lsystem in Pakistan
y t e i c o
s usingf eminismapproach .Focu soft hi sstudy i sAWoman’ sSuffeirngA s
e h T h g u o r h T d e t c e lf e R y t e i c o S n a t s i k a P n i m e t s y S l a h c r a ir t a P f o t l u s e R e h T
s ’ z a r h a h S a r s i a Q n i r e t c a r a h C r o j a
M TheHolyWoman.
.
B ReviewonRelatedTheories
e h t ,r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t : s t n i o p g n i n r u t e h t s a s g n i h t e e r h t s a h y d u t s s i h T
m e t s y s l a h c r a ir t a
p ,and awoman’ ssuffe irng .Therefore, t hi sstudy needst heo ire s
.s n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o t r e d r o n i s d l e if e e r h t e h t n o
.
1 Theorie sofCharacterandCharacteriza iton
. C o t g n i d r o c c A . s g n i h t t n e r e f fi d o w t e r a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h C
a m l o H h g u
H n and Wliilam Harmon i n A Handbookt o Ltieraturecharacteri s“a ” y ti l a u q s e n if e d e m o s s e if i p y t o h w e g a n o s r e p a f o h c t e k s e v it p ir c s e d f e ir b
l a u t c a f o s r e t c a r a h c e h t s t n e s e r p r o h t u a e h t “ w o h s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c s a e r e h w
e v it a r r a n e h t d n a , y r o t s t r o h s e h t , l e v o n e h t , a m a r d e h t( n o it c if n i d n a ; s n o s r e p
m e o
p ,)t heauthorr evealst hecharacter sofi maginarypersons( 1986 :81 .)
o t g n i d r o c c A . y lt c e ri d n i r o y lt c e ri d r e h ti e s r e t c a r a h c r i e h t t n e s e r p s r o h t u A
p r A . R s a m o h
T and Greg Johnson in Perrine’ sLtierature :Srtucture ,Sound & 0
1 e s n e
S thEdiiton, i “n driec tpresentaiton” theyt el lu ssrtaigh tout ,byexposiiton
e h t n i r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a e v a h y e h t r o , e k il e r a s r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h w , s i s y l a n a r o
n I . m e h t e b ir c s e d y r o t
s “indriectpresentaiton”the autho rshow su sthe character s t
t a h w e n i m r e t e d e w ; s n o it c a r i e h t h g u o r h
t hey are ilke by wha tthey say o rdo .)
2 6 1 : 9 0 0 2 (
e r a e r e h
T some ways , according to M . J Murphy in Understanding ,
n e e s n
U tos howhowthecharacter sarepresentedi nt henove:l .
a Persona lDescirpiton
0 1
.
b Characte rass eenbyanother
h g u o rt m i h e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h t y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c a g n i b ir c s e d f o d a e t s n I
d e t c e lf e r a , e r e w t i s a , s t e g r e d a e r e h T . r e h t o n a f o s n o i n i p o d n a s e y e e h t
. e g a m i
.
c Speech
e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h
T u san i nsighti ntot hecharacte ro foneoft hepersonsi n
, s k a e p s n o s r e p a r e v e n e h W . s y a s n o s r e p t a h t t a h w h g u o r h t k o o b e h t
n a d r a w r o f s t u p e h r e v e n e h w , r e h t o n a h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c n i s i e h r e v e n e h w
. r e t c a r a h c s i h o t e u l c e m o s s u g n i v i g s i e h , n o i n i p o
.
d P eastL fi
r o h t u a e h t , e fi l t s a p s ’ n o s r e p a t u o b a g n i h t e m o s n r a e l r e d a e r e h t g n it t e l y B
. r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a e p a h s o t d e p l e h e v a h t a h t s t n e v e o t e u l c a s e v i g n a c
s ’ n o s r e p e h t h g u o h t , r o h t u a e h t y b t n e m m o c t c e ri d y b e n o d e b n a c s i h T
r e v n o c s i h h g u o r h t , s t h g u o h
t saiton o r through the medium o f anothe r
. n o s r e p
.
e Conversaitono fOthers
e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a o t s e u l c s u e v i g o s l a n a c r o h t u a e h T
o d e l p o e P . m i h t u o b a y a s y e h t s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o f o s n o it a s r e v n o c
s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o t u o b a k l a
t they say o tfen give sa sacluet o t he
a r a h
c cte roft hepersons pokenabou.t
.f Reacitons
s u e v i g o s l a n a c r o h t u a e h
T acluet oaperson’ scharacte rbyl etitngu sknow
. s t n e v e d n a s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r n o s r e p t a h t w o h
.
g Driec tComment
c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h
T irbeo rcommen tonaperson’ scharacte rdrieclty.
.
h Thoughts
. t u o b a g n i k n i h t s i n o s r e p a t a h w f o e g d e l w o n k t c e ri d s u e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h T
s u l l e t n a c e H . e fi l l a e r n i o d t o n n a c e w t a h w o d o t e l b a s i e h t c e p s e r s i h t n I
h t n I . g n i k n i h t e r a e l p o e p t n e r e f fi d t a h
w enove lweacceptt his .The reade r
n o it i s o p d e g e li v ir p a n i s i n e h
t ;hehas ,asi twere ,asecre t ilstening device
.l e v o n n i n o s r e p a f o s t h g u o h t t s o m n i e h t o t n i d e g g u l p
1 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y h p r u M
( -173)
.
2 UnderstandingPatriarchy
s i h T . n e m y b d e ll o rt n o c m e t s y s l a i c o s a s a d e n if e d s i l a r e n e g n i y h c r a ir t a P
e r u t c u rt s l a i c o
s i sassociated wtih t heconcep to fgende rand gende rrolet ha tare
s a w h c i h w , r e d n e g n I . y ti n il u c s a m d n a y ti n i n i m e f e r a h c i h w , o w t o t n i d e d i v i d
r o t d e s u y ll a it i n
i‘ efe rto the socia land cu tlura laspect so fsexua ldfiference ’
r e v o l G
( and Kaplan ,2005 :xix) ,women ,who represen tfeminintiy ,are alway s
, n e m e li h w ; l a n o it o m e d n a , k a e w , e v i s s a p s a d e b ir c s e
d whorepresen tmascuilntiy ,
i h T . l a n o it a r d n a , g n o rt s , e v it c a e r
a sgende rrole stereotyping allow smen to
. n e m o w l o rt n o c
t e ll i M e t a
K in Sexua l Poilitcs quesitoned , how wa s i t possible fo r o t s s e c c a , n o it a c u d e d a h n e m o w h c i h w n i d lr o w a n i e u n it n o c o t l a h c r a ir t a p
y l b i s i v t o n e r e w d n a , s t h g ir l a c it il o p d n a l i v i c e v i s n e t x e d n a s e c r u o s e r l a i c n a n if
e h T . ) 5 2 : 0 7 9 1 , t e ll i M ( ? n o i c r e o c t c e ri d f o s m r o f o t t c e j b u
2 1
y a
l s in psychology .Women werecondiitoned to embracing i tby t he proces so f x
e
s -role stereotyping .From ea lry ch lidhood ,women were rtained to accep ta e l o r e t a ir p o r p p a h ti w , s e r e h p s e l a m e f d n a e l a m o t n i y t e i c o s d e d i v i d h c i h w m e t s y
s s
e l a m e h t o t y l e v i s u l c x e r e w o p c il b u p a d e t a c o ll a h c i h w d n a , h c a e r o
f -sphere.
i y l n o e v l o v n i t e g o t d e ti m il s i l ri g a d o o h d li h c e c n i
S n domesitc area ,
y o b a e li h
w ha slearnedt ohavepoweri nmakingdecisions ,bothi ndomesitcand
u b ir t s i d e h T . a e r a c il b u
p iton o fgende rrole scont irbute sto marginailze women .
n i d e p o l e v e d s i y b s e o g e m it e h t s a t p e c n o c s i h
T many aspect soft hehuman l fie
. n e m o w d n a n e m n e e w t e b e l o r l a i c o s y ti l a u q e n i d e tl u s e r d n a
il b a t s e y r o t s i h n i y h c r a ir t a p , d lr o w e h t n i s e ir t n u o c y n a m n
I shed women’ s
t a h t y h c r a ir t a P . e fi
l existed in conservaitve state poilcy and gender-bia ssociety
. n e m o w r o f s e g a t n a v d a s i d d n a e g e li v ir p l a i c e p s n e m e v i g o t d e u n it n o
c Thereare
o t d e c r o f y h c r a ir t a p w o h l a e v e r h c i h w , n e m d n a n e m o w f o s t c il f n o c , s e s a c y n a m
a l
p cewomen ast hevicitms .Sociali nequaltiyand sexua loppression conitnuest o
. e m it o t e m it m o r f t s r o w n e v e , n e p p a h
e r a n e m o w , y h c r a ir t a p f o n o i s s e s s o p s e k a t h c i h w , y t e i c o s e h t n I
s s a l c r o ir e f n i s a d e z ir o g e t a
c to legiitmize powe r andpoilitca l dominaiton o f
. n e m o w r e v o n e
m Thi scatego irzing i sbased on t hei rsex .Women areconsidered
e l b a u l a v s s e l s
a than men .Madsen explain ,s i nitmidaiton, t erro irsm ,fea r– these
y b d e t a n i m o d e r a y e h t e r e h w n o it i s o p e t a n i d r o b u s a n i n e m o w p e e k s e i g e t a rt s
: 0 0 0 2 , n e s d a M ( n e
m 153 .)
s ’ n o i g il e r m o r f s e l o r r e d n e g f o n o it c n it s i d e h t d n a y h c r a ir t a p e e s e w f I
e h t s d l o h p u o r g s e v it a v r e s n o c e h T . y s r e v o rt n o c n i l li t s o s l a s i t i , w e i v f o t n i o p
e b t ’ n a c t I . y h c r a ir t a p y b n e v ir d e r a t a h t s g n i h c a e t s u o i g il e r f o n o it a t e r p r e t n i
t a t a h t d e i n e
d fris tthe interpretaiton o freilgiou steaching si sdominated by the
“ s a d e d u l c n o c e b n a c , d n e e h t t a , y h c r a ir t a P . s e it e i c o s s u o i g il e r e l a
m asystem o f
t i o l p x e d n a s s e r p p o , e t a n i m o d n e m h c i h w n i , s e c it c a r p d n a s e r u t c u rt s l a i c o s
.) 1 0 2 : 0 9 9 1 , y b l a W ( ” n e m o w
In Pakistan society ,which hold spat irarcha lsystem ,women dfiferenitate
e m a s e h t e v a h t o n n a c n e m o w d n a n e m t a h t e v e il e b d n a s r e t h g u a d d n a s n o s r i e h t
) A P P P ( t n e m s s e s s A y tr e v o P y r o t a p i c it r a P n a t s i k a P 3 0 0 2 . e c n e d n e p e d n i f o l e v e l
e i c o s n a t s i k a P n i t a h t s n i a l p x
e ty ,‘women do no thave an identtiy o fthei rown ’
t s e s o l c r i e h t h ti w d e k n il s i y ti t n e d i s ’ n e m o w t a h t s d n if A P P P . ) 3 8 : 3 0 0 2 , A P P P (
r e b m e m y li m a f e l a
m – thei rfather ,brothe ro rhusband .Men wli leasliy t hreaten
o e n O . e s o p r u p r i e h t t e g o t d n a e d i c e d o t n e m o
w ft heexamplesi sby t hreatening
. e fi w r i e h t e c r o v i d o
t According to HinaShaikh in Women Empowermen tand e
c n a n r e v o G f o n o i s n e m i D a s a y tr e v o P g n i k n i L : y t r e v o
P ,
r i e h t m o r f e c r o v i d f o t a e r h t t n a t s n o c e h t r e d n u e v il n e m o w t s o M
o n e v a h e r o f e r e h t d n a s d n a b s u
h choice bu tto obilge to thei r a h ti w d e t a i c o s s a a m g it s d n a o o b a t e h t o t e u D . s r e h t o d n a s d n a m e d
e c r o v i d a r o f g n il tt e s e l b a tr o f m o c t o n l li t s e r a n e m o w , e e c r o v i d
n i n e v
e thedries to fcricumstances( Shaikh ,2010 :31 .)
Women in Pakistan society are given no signi ifcan trole in decision
t c e f f a t a h t s e u s s i n i y a s e lt ti l y r e v e v a h y e h T . ) 3 8 : 3 0 0 2 , A P P P ( g n i k a m
. y ti n u m m o c e h t r o s d l o h e s u o h r i e h t , s e v l e s m e h
t HinaJliani ,Lawye rand Human
o l a n o it i d n o c s i n a t s i k a P n i n e m o w f o e fi l o t t h g ir e h t s e t a t s , t s i v it c A s t h g i
R nt hei r
n l a i c o s g n i y e b
4 1
, A P P P ( y ti li b o m s ’ n e m o w s t c ir t s e r e r u tl u c l a b ir t d i g ir e h t , s n o it i d a rt d n a s m r o n
. ) 1 8 : 3 0 0 2
, w a L t s u r T , y lt n e c e
R the Thomson Reuter sFoundaiton Po ll ,declarest ha t
n a t s i k a
P i s the thrid mos t dangerou s counrty fo r women in the wo lrd
) 1 1 0 2 , g r o .t s u rt . w w w
( .TrustLaw record s90% o fwomen i n Pakistan expeirence
e h t e r a s lr i g d n a n e m o w 0 0 0 . 1 n a h t e r o m d n a , s e m it e fi l ri e h t n i e c n e l o i v c it s e m o d
s m it c i
v o fhonou rkliilng severyyea r(www.rtus.torg ,2011) .
, a r h a Z f a d a
S an acitvis tand a female Pakistan ijournailst ,in Women in n
a t s i k a
P - Vicitm soft heSocia land EconomicDesecraitonexplains ,“I fwegot o e
h t o t d e k n il e r a y e h t t a h t e e s e w s g n il li k r u o n o h e s e h t f o e s u a c t o o r e h
t quesiton
y tr e p o r p d n a y e n o m , r e t a w , d n a l f
o (h ttp://www.marxis.tcom) .”Zahra’ sutterance
t a h t t c a f e h t e v o r
p menwli ldoanyway ,si ncludingusecutluralreasont ooppres s
t n e m o
w o keep t hei rmateira lbelongings .Women becomet hevicitm so fmen’ s
l o t r e w o
p egiitmizemen’ spowe.r
y b n a t s i k a P n i n e m o w f o s u t a t s l a i c o s e h t h ti w e n il n i s i ll o p s ’ w a L t s u r T
n i i k r u B d e v a J d i h a h
S Pakistan ,The Conitnuing Search fo rNaitonhood .Burki e h t n i n a h t r e w o l n e v e s i n a t s i k a P n i n e m o w f o s u t a t s l a i c o s e h t t a h t s e t a t s
s r o t a c i d n i e h T . ) 2 8 1 : 1 9 9 1 , i k r u B ( t n e m p o l e v e d f o s l e v e l e l b a r a p m o c t a s e ir t n u o c
: s p u o r g n i a m e v if o t n i l l a f n e m o w y b d e v e i h c a s u t a t s c i m o n o c e d n a l a i c o s f o
d n a n o it a c u d e , h tl a e
h rtaining fo r women , women’ s reproducitve behavior ,
n w o r i e h t r e v o e v a h n e m o w l o rt n o c l l a r e v o e h t d n a , r o i v a h e b c i m o n o c e s ’ n e m o w
. n e r d li h c r i e h t f o e s o h t n o d n a s e v il
e h t m o r f d e d i o v a e b t o n n a c n a t s i k a P n i n e m o w f o s u t a t s e h t t a h t s n i a l p x e t I
m y h c r a ir t a
p i -nd setst ha tenrtenched i n social ,cutlural ,and reilgiou ssystemt ha t
d n i m d e n i a r g n i e h T . n a t s i k a P s s o r c a e m a s e h t e g r a l d n a y b e r
a -se tby which men
e c n e l a v e r p e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u o t l a t n e m a d n u f s i n e m o w o t r o ir e p u s d e r e d i s n o c e r a
t n a n i m o d f
o -subordinaterelaiton between gender sacross t he counrty (Shaikh i n
.) 3 3 : 2 1 0 2 , F E C I N U
.
3 TheI dea so fFeminism o t g n i d r o c c
A the fris taritcle o fthe Universa l Declaraiton o f Human
s t h g i
R ,al lhuman being sare born freeand equali n digntiy and irghts[Aritcle1 ,
g r o . n u . w w
w ]. Bu ta sthey grow up ,they have learned how to be a “man” o r
” n a m o w
“ wtihsomeo fdfiferencest hatr estirctedt hei racitonast hehumanbeing .
t s i s e l p m a x e e h t f o e n
O hecloses tcommuntiy t eachest hemt hecharacte irsitc so f
d n a e n il u c s a m g n i e
b feminine tha t dfife r thei r role in the society.Robyn R .
n i l d n r e H e c ir P e n a i D d n a l o h r a
W Feminisms :An Anthologyo fLtierary Theory m
s i c it i r C d n
a explain ,mascuilntiy and feminintiy are no tpredetermined by the u
tl u c n i h ti w d e t c u rt s n o c e r a t u b , fl e s ti y d o
b re( Warho landHerndl .1997 :xi.)Wtih
n a m o w a d n a n a m a , n o it c n it s i d s i h
t a reno trteatedequally.
a e d i e h
T off eminismi sstatredbyMarryWollstonescraf’t sVindicaiton fo f
o s t h g i R e h
t Woman in 1792 .Woolstonescraf’t smain argumen ti stha twomen , m m u H ( n e m , h ti w y ti r a p l a n o it a c u d e d n a , s a s e it r e b il l i v i c e m a s e h t e v a h d l u o h s
. ) 1 8 1 : 2 9 9
1 Wollstonescraf’t sargument , which aim sto achieve equa l legal ,
n e m o w r o f s t h g ir l a i c o s d n a l a c it il o
6 1
t n e m p o l e v e d t h g u o h
t .Feminism thenconitnue sto evolve ,from the fris twave
h c i h w , m s i n i m e
f i swel lknown ast heoldf eminismo fequa l irghts ,tot hesecond
h c i h w , m s i n i m e f e v a
w i swel lknownast henewf eminismo fwomen’ silberaiton .
n i m m u H e i g a M o t g n i d r o c c
A Feminisms :A Reader, t he coreo fsecond v
a
w ef eminismi sr eproducitve irghts( Humm ,1992 :54) .Hummexplainst hat the
, e c n e l o i v c it s e m o d d n a l a u x e s s t n i a g a t h g if a s li a t n e s t h g ir e v it c u d o r p e r r o f t h g if
.) 4 5 : 2 9 9 1 , m m u H ( y ti t n e d i r e d n e g r o f s n o i s s u c r e p e r d n u o f o r p s a h d n a
s ’t e ll i M e t a
K Sexua lPo ilitc si soneoft hef ris tandmosti n lfuentalt ext so f s
i n i m e f e v a w d n o c e
s m .KateMille’t schoiceoft het wot erms‘ sexua/lpo ilitcs’f o r
’ l a r u t a n ‘ s a e l p m i s e m o s s a t o n , y ti l a u x e s d e if it n e d i k o o b e h t f o e lt it e h t
y ll a i c o s ‘ g n i e b s a , m u H o t g n i d r o c c a , t u B . n e m d n a n e m o w f o e c n e ir e p x e
s a d n a s e c n e u q e s n o c l a c it il o p h ti w d e t c u rt s n o
c being poilitcally consrtucted wtih
d n o c e s r o f y a w e h t d e n e p o a e d i s i h T . ’ ) 0 6 2 : 2 9 9 1 , m m u H ( s e c n e u q e s n o c l a i c o s
. y ti l a u x e s t u o b a k n i h t o t m s i n i m e f e v a w
n i n e s d a M . L h a r o b e D o t g n i d r o c c
A Feminsi t Theory and Ltierary
, e c it c a r
P ‘sexualtiy ’i sno ta neurta lterm ;i trefer sto male sexualtiy o fwhich n e s d a M . ) 4 5 1 : 0 0 0 2 , n e s d a M ( )t n a i v e d r o ( t n a ir a v a s a n e e s s i y ti l a u x e s e n i n i m e f
s i r e w o p w o h s e n i m r e t e d o s l a t u b s e s s e r p x e y l n o t o n x e s t a h t s n i a l p x e n e h t
. r u o i v a h e b l a i c o s d n a p i h s n o it a l e r l a n o s r e p n i d e c n e ir e p x
e Hence ,fris twave
e v a w d n o c e s d n a m s i n i m e
f feminism can no tbe separatedto one another since
e r a h t o
b interrelated.
n e s d a M s A . s e l a m e f e l u r s e l a m h ti w s e t a l e r r e w o p e h t ,r e d r o l a i c o s r u o n I
l a c ir o t s i h r e h t o l l a e k il , y t e i c o s r u o e s u a c e b o s s i s i h t , s e u g r
a civiilzaitons ,i sa
n i t e ll i M e t a K . y h c r a ir t a
p Sexua l Poilitc s argue s tha t pat irarcha l powe r i s ,s
n i a l p x e m m u H . ) 1 6 : 2 9 9 1 , m m u H ( s u o ti u q i b u
e h t h ti w g n i n n i g e b , y ti l a u x e s f o s c it il o p d e h c n e rt n e y l p e e d a s i e r e h T
o h c y s p h g u o r h t y h c r a ir t a p f o n o it c u d o r p e
r - cso ia lcondiitoning i n t he , m m u H ( e r u t c u rt s l a i c o s d n a c i m o n o c e l l a n i s e t a r e p o h c i h w y li m a f
.) 1 6 : 2 9 9 1
n i n e s d a M . L h a r o b e D o t g n i d r o c c
A Feminsi t Theory and Ltierary
, e c it c a r
P sexua loppressioni st hef undamenta landf oundaitonalf ormo fopression n
i pat irarcha lsociety (Madsen ,2000 :158) .Unde rpatirachy ,women are kep t
r e v e e h t y b e t a n i d r o b u s d n a e v i s s a
p -presentt hrea to fmaleviolence.
m s i n i m e
F also evolve sin Pakistan society .Feminism inpakistani so tfen
d e l e b a
l w ‘tih Musilm Feminism ’ since they rty to reinterpre t Islamic law by
t x e t n o c l a c ir o t s i h a n i h ti d a H d n a n a ’ r u Q e h t g n i w e i
v .I tcan be understandable
e c n i
s a sthe old terrtiory o fB iritsh India ,Pakistan adopted Islamic beile fand
. y t e i c o s f o s n o it i d a rt d n a e r u tl u c r i e h t o t n i e u l a
v MadihahAkhter inFeminists…i n ?
n a t s i k a
P explains ,“Musilmf eminist sarestli lrtyingt oachievet hesamegoal sa s r o f y ti l a u q e c i m o n o c e d n a l a r u tl u c , l a c it il o p : t s e W e h t n i s r e t s i s t s i n i m e f r i e h t
n o it a n r i e h t e n if e d o t e l g g u rt s t n a t s n o c e h t n i e c a l p a d n a n a m o w
: p tt h
( /t/hefeministwrie.com/.)” Bu t the realtiy , the stiuaiton i s much more
, r e t h k A o t g n i d r o c c a , e r o m r e h tr u F . x e l p m o c
s s e r d d a t o n s e o d n e m o w i n a t s i k a P r o f s t h g ir g n i v e i h c a r o f d o h t e m a
n o n e r e h w y rt n u o c a , n a t s i k a P n i y ti s r e v i d s u o i g il e
r -Sunn i
l c n i , s e it ir o n i
m uding Sh’ias , Ahmadis , Hindus , Ch irsitans , and , s n e z it i c w o ll e f r i e h t y b y l n o t o n t s n i a g a d e t a n i m ir c s i d e r a , s h k i S
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