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MARKETING ANALYSIS
Tourism is one of the main sectors in the Japan economy. It shows the contribution of tourism in increasing state revenue. Therefore, Japan progressively enhance its ability in the field of tourism to increase state revenue. During the development of its tourism, Japan have experienced a sharp decline. Especially the number of foreign tourists, such as Chinese tourists are declining due to the territorial issue of the Sino-Japan which heats up. Efforts are being made to improve the Japan tourism by looking for other potential tourists.
One of the potential market that is lately considered by Japan is the muslim tourists. It looks at the percentage of muslim travellers are increasing in the article "Japan Sees Big Potential Asian Muslim Tourist" written by Mutsuko Murakami in New Straits Times, that the origin of the Indonesian Malaysian tourist are about 40% and 66%. Both countries are dominated by muslim peoples. Based on the increase in the number of muslim tourists, tourism Japan realize the muslim travelers was the new potential market. However, to support the muslim tourists to visit still is constrained by the limited facilities for Muslims. It became one of the hurdles in running a tourism, for a muslim to have some restrictions, including limits on food that has to be in accordance with the laws of Islam.
Our visit this time is an academic trip in the form of activities “The International Joint Seminars Held by Takushoku University & Visit to Clean Authority of Tokyo (Shin-Koto Incineration Plant) Tokyo Metropolitan Government Humanizing Collaboration Program between the Japan Indonesia & on 6th batch from the 15th until May 19, 2017. We are a number of 26 person which is the majority came from the Muslims. The comfort associated with consumption of halal food being our previous concerns.
But our concern was greeted well by the Government of Japan. The Government's attempt to attract muslim tourists in Japan is very good. The Government is working with tourism service providers and travel agencies in several countries including Indonesia in order to promote the hospitality of Japan against the muslim tourists. There have been many travel agencies offering halal plan tour – the term for muslim travellers-tour, and articles that help any muslim tourism marketing activities have been many who wrote it as a marketing effort. Lucky us, accompanied by travel agents who have the same concern to the needs of our worship and facilities against halal food.
The availability of halal food we felt since the beginning of the journey. Japan-Jakarta around 7 hours trip we traveled using airline Japan Airlines (JAL). The atmosphere of Japan already feels while on the plane. We were greeted by a stewardess who was always smiling and very polite. Muslim Meal reservations could already be done while doing the process of booking the ticket, before choosing a seat and make the payment. When we were sitting on the plane, we were approached by a stewardess who confirm our food orders. After that, we will seat plastered stickers MOML meaning ' Moslem Meal '.
Upon arrival in Japan, the experience of enjoying the halal meal in Japan continues. It turns out that it is not difficult to find places to eat halal certified in Japan. On our first day of tasting food halal-certified, we go to Indian restaurants namely Mantra. Mantra brings authentic, traditional, high quality Indian cuisine at reasonable prices. The chefs are from some of the best retaurants and hotels in India. Their cooking take us to the taste of India with the rich array of curries and tandoori dishes. The atmosphere is casual and relaxed with artefacts from India. The name of “Mantra” is a poem or a string of words which are repeated over and over for good luck and well being.
Halal Curry Set for Lunch
The experience of enjoying the Halal Food we get more in the restaurant Malaychan with the concept of the Malaysian ethnic restaurant. Malaychan actually has two restaurants, namely the Malaychan One and Malaychan Two. However, only Malaychan One restaurant that provides halal food. Malaychan One also became the first restaurant in Japan that obtain halal certification from the Government of Malaysia.
Restoran Malaychan Satu located at Chome-22-6 Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo.
Therefore, we hesitantly asked the restaurant staff whether we could do the pray at a nearby place or in the restaurant. Surprisingly, they told us that they had a prayer mat, a place for making abolution, and, of course, a place for prayer as well. However, it was amazing to know that a restaurant owned by a non-Muslim lady, could offer me a proper place for prayer with all the ‘necessities’ for prayer.
For the other day, we have an opportunity to tasted Turkish food at Turkish Cuisine Saray, Ginza. Saray is one of a number of Saray restaurants around Tokyo and does a good job in what appears to be authentic Turkish Cuisine. All food ingredients they used are halal, so Muslim customers can enjoy they food without worries.
Saray Halal Dinner Set
who become potential market, so that the tourism industry prepare for a muslim-friendly facilities. In the execution of the halal market, Japan's efforts showed his country as a muslim-friendly country is seen also from the travel agent that doing promotion or publicationand the issuance of tour guides and halal food for Muslims.
COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS
Through the program “Visit to Clean Authority of Tokyo (Shin-Koto Incineration Plant) Tokyo Metropolitan Government Humanizing Collaboration Program along with 25 other friends in class, I had the opportunity learn about waste management in Japan.
Kelas Kerjasama taking photo with Shin-Koto Incineration Plant staff
What we see in this visit is entirely outside our imagination. The open Landfill dumping impression, filled with piles of trash, and even strong scent is not at all we found. Instead, we saw a pretty magnificent buildings, with a touch of modern architecture in which is divided into several rooms, equipped with sophisticated enough engine equipment.
Building Maket of Clean Authority of Tokyo (Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant was built in 1998, which was built in the area of Tokyo with a capacity of 1800 tons of garbage that can be processed per day. Incineration Plant has 3 units of fire grate that is able to work each burn as much as 600 tons of garbage per day are collected from garbage in Tokyo and the surrounding area. Since that time the factory is working to process garbage for 24 hours per day throughout the year.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is very open in providing educational information to the public and especially school children about how should cultivate the waste, thus becoming beneficial for humans and the environment. For school children, Shin-Koto Incineration Plant provided a very interesting animated film about rubbish, so it is fun for children learning about the garbage processing. In Japan, the educational character of the dump had been taught from early childhood education. This education also applied by people all over Japan, from the family, the environment, and the world of work.
The animation movie about a garbage processing in Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
The artwork of school children visitorat Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
In the principle, the garbage in Japan are divided into 4 types: • Combustible waste
• Incombustible waste • Large sized waste • Resources
COMBUSTIBLE WASTE
In the early stages, the garbage that has been sorted according the category, transported towards the incineration plant for the burnable waste (combustible). In the incineration plant is already waiting for the crane that will stir this garbage.
Moving crane with capacity 14m3, 4.2 tons max and 5m diameter are remote controlled in control room or can be automatically operated
According to a sampel survey on household garbage that Japan conducted, about 40% percent of combustible waste was kitchen garbage, including unused food, and other 20% was reusable paper. Furthermore, the garbage that's been fused those burned with temperatures reached 800 degrees Celsius. This technique not only effectively reduce the volume of waste 1/20 to be almost certain of the actual size, but also reduce the gases resulting from the combustion of dioxins.
When combustible waste is incinerated, bottom ash and fly ash are generated
The result of the combustion of waste in the form of grain similar to sand called the bottom ash. Bottom ash is cinder discharge from the bottom of incinerator. Bottom ash that is generated in incineration plants is transferred to private cement factories by freight vehicles/trains In the initiative for recycling of bottom ash into cement materials and efficiently used u.s. Portland cement materials (the most common and widely used type of cement that accounts for 70% of aprprox cement consumption in Japan). Cement materials include limestone, clay, silica, iron materials, and plaster. Bottom ash is used as a substitute for clay. This cement materials has been used in the manufacture of paving block for walking area, rest area and shoulder-shoulder roads in Japan.
In addition, the result of burning garbage there is also in the form of dust or fly ash. Fly ash is soot and dust within exhaust that is collected by bag filters and then heated again with temperature of 3000 ' C so that it can be obtained a building material called Slag. Bottom ash also can be melted into slag. When bottom ash is melted at a high temperature of over 1200’C (2192’F) and then rapidly cooled, it turns into sandy slag. As slag, the volume is almost half that of ash, and approximately one-fortieth of its original state as waste.
This slag is utilized to extend the land of Japan, with a State-of-the-art by sent to landfill disposal on the New Sea Surface Disposal Site, which has been esthablished and is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Because it is extremely difficult to find new landfill disposal sites in Tokyo Port, a full-scale initiative has been undertaken to recycle bottom ash into cement materials, for the purpose of reducing the amount of landfill disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources. Through this project in 2015, 5000 tons of bottom ash was used as cement materials. It will continue the recycling of bottom ash to reduce the volume that goes to the final disposal site.
A bird’s-eye view of the Central Breakwater landfill sites (left, middle) and the New Sea Surface Disposal Site (right).
Putting the heat energy generated from incineration to beneficial use
The thermal energy generated from the combustion process used to supply the entire electricity needs in the incineration plant and the rest is sold to electricity providers and community around the factory. Electricity and hot water produced at plants are used within facilities to operate the plant, thereby reducing electricity purchases and fuel costs. Surplus electricity is sold to power companies. All of the plants sell electricity, and four plants sell heat as hot water to other facilities. Sales performance in FY 2015 is shown in the table :
Total Generated Power 1,172.60 M kWh
Electricity sold 660.86 M kWh
Income from electricity sold Y 11,765.76 M
Supplied heat (charged) 501,000 GJ
“Hot water” is pressurized and remains in its liquid state even at a temperature over 100 degrees Celsius. From this, Hikarigoaka, Ariake and Shingawa incineration plants sell heat to supply companies. Shin-koto and Itabashi Plants supply heat to metropolitan facilities at a charge.
Supply heat to the community
But once improper waste is brought into an incinerator Combustibles carried into incineration plants sometimes contain waste unsuitable for incineration, such as metals, glass, or oversized waste that exceeds the disposal capacity of the plant. Such improper waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators, costing a great deal of money and time before recovery. Once the facilities become incapable of accepting waste, waste collection and transfer operations will be interrupted, seriously affecting waste management in all 23 cities. To prevent carry-in of improper waste, and to ensure safe and stable plant operation, inspection of incoming waste is reinforced, and awareness-raising activities are undertaken. Special weeks are also set to enhance the above inspection and to perform close observation at platforms in each incineration plant. Overall regular inspection on incoming waste is also conducted at all incineration plants in collaboration with the 23 cities.
INCOMBUSTIBLE WASTE
Large blocks of recovered metal sit at the Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Center in Tokyo
Incombustible waste is carried to landfill and used for landfill. Now landfill is constructed in New Sea Surface Disposal Site. It is last place to be able to construction landfill and can be continue 50 years. Therefore volume of waste is needed decrease. Iron and aluminum is used for recycle of other production. Currently shortage of resource in the earth is big problem. Therefore recycle and effective use of resource is needed.
LARGE SIZED WASTE
Processing large-sized waste starts with separating combustibles such as wooden furniture from incombustibles such as bicycles. The separation work is performed manually at large sized waste transfer stations in each city, or at the receiving yard of the Large sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility. The separation process divide waste into 3 type residue :
1. Ferrous metals that recovered as resources
2. Combustible residue that incinerated at the incineration plants in the 23 Cities (private cement factories, Ash melting facility, Landfill)
3. Incombustibles (used for Landfill)
RESOURCES
Under the 3R policy (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), Japan has been collecting PET bottles, food trays, and cans separately for reuse as recycle resources in the manufacturing of new products. Recovered as resources or products by the manufactures recycling center or private recycling businesses. The Basic law promoting the creation of recycling oriented society, contains:
1. Act on the promotion of effective utilization of resources 2. Containers and packaging recycling law
3. Home appliance recycling law 4. Food waste recycling law
5. Consruction materials recycling law 6. Law on recycling of end of life of vehicles 7. Small home appliances recycling law
Resource recycling technology used to produce high quality products. For example, PET bottles are collected in accordance with the Act on the Promotion of Sorted Collection and Recycling Containers and Packaging, and they are used to make a variety of textile products, etc. Relatively high-grade PET bottles are collected and remade into PET bottles or carpets with the high technology possessed by Japan.
achieve. One Japanese company began recycling and reproducing PET bottles in China, Thailand and Taiwan. There are cases of recycled material being colored at the resin stage and made into high quality carpets using high level sewing skill.
The example of products for reuse as recycle resources
Turning garbage into land is the end result of an elaborately engineered process that’s all the more remarkable considering the city’s density. Tokyo lies at the heart of the world’s largest metropolitan area: more than 37 million people all told, including the capital’s own 13.5 million. And yet Tokyo manages to stay remarkably clean. If not immaculate, the streets are generally tidy and the air is breathable. That’s due in large part to how the city handles and burns its garbage.
Japan has one more solution for dealing with its trash. If there isn't enough land to bury the trash, why not just make more land with the trash? We might be familiar with land reclamation) Well, Japan has also used this technology of filling in an area of water with heavy rock, cement, dirt, and garbage to make new land, though not in quite such fancy shapes.
Landfill disposal sites established and managed by the Tokyo Mteropolitan Government
At the Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and New Sea Surface Disposal Site, established and managed by The Tokyo Metropolitan Government, residue after treating general waste in the 23 Cities, waste from municipal facilities such as sewage sludge, and industrial waste from small and medium sized companies in Tokyo are put to landfill disposal.
Combustible waste and combustible part of large sized waste after pulverization are incinerated. A part of the bottom ash is recycled into cement materials or melted into slag, while the remainder of bottom ash and chemically treated fly ash goes to landfill.
Incombustible waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals are recovered as resources, before the incombustible residue is buried into landfill.
Large sized waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals are recovered are recovered as resources, before the incombustible residue is buried into landfill.
Methods of Landfill Disposal
On a landfill disposal site, furrows are made with waste. When a furrow reaches the height of approx. 3 meters, it is covered with approx.. 50 centimeters of soil. Subsequently, waste is buried in the resulting ridge. When the ridge is filled, it is also covered with approx. 50 centimeters of soil. Landfill disposal is performed by repeating these steps (sandwich pattern). The soil covering prevents the scattering of waste, spread of odor, vermin, and fire. Bottom ash is disposed of using a framing method, where a trench is created into which ash is dumped, so that it will not be dispersed by wind.
Structure of landfill disposal site
Landfill disposal sites are categorized into three types, depending on the level of impact the filled waste presents, namely, inert waste disposal sites, controlled disposal sites and strictly controlled disposal sites. The Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and the eastern area of New Sea Surface Disposal Site are strictly controlled disposal sites that accept general waste and industrial waste. These sites are equipped with banks consisting of double steel tubing sheet piles to prevent leachate water from seeping out of the landfill disposal sites and contaminating groundwater or public waters. Leachate is processed in the water collecting equipment, the leachate treatment plants, and other facilities.
The New Sea Surface Disposal Site is the final resting place for trash churned out by Tokyo’s 23 wards. It’s crawling with dump trucks and bulldozers packing Tokyo’s waste into a carefully layered sandwich 30 meters deep. The island is composed of ash from incinerated trash, pulverized nonburnable trash and processed sewage sludge, along with real soil. Exhaust pipes for methane gas seeping from the garbage underfoot stud the mass, while exposed sedimentary layers reveal plastic scraps and other refuse, some decades old. But these are rare: garbage is mostly invisible here, buried under a top layer of soil, and that’s why the sky isn’t full of birds like in Alfred Hitchcock’s avian thriller of 1963. And as the landfill grows, so does the city: This is the newest face of Tokyo.
CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS
Looking at the implementation of awareness of garbage systems in Indonesia, based on the separation of its kind has already started to be applied in Indonesia these past 10 years. Implementation begins by providing two kinds of trash, organic waste and trash the non organic. Applications until this stage been widely applied in various areas as well as government agencies in Indonesia, but the implementation of this system seems to just blow the idea in the beginning of the course, has not seen sustainability and the real benefits to be felt. Although the trash that has been provided separately, but in the end becomes a pile of junk that mingled so that it becomes hopeless only.
Indonesian Public Trash
Japans Public Trash
bags and throw away the trash when the trash can find or bring it home. Environmentally friendly waste management.
There are 3 things that lead to a habit of sorting out garbage in Japan is becoming entrenched is very strong, that is because (1) a fairly high public awareness of the importance of waste management, (2) success in building a sense of shame in society and planted deep into the subconscious to dispose of trash in its place, and (3) education conducted in the massif and aggressive early on through teaching and training ways of sorting out garbage match type.
The problems in Indonesia itself is the lack of readiness of the community received a new thing that is considered complicated, plus the lack of socialization and education about the importance of waste management. In addition to the lack of public awareness of environmental hygiene, the Government would not put it as a priority that must take precedence. Any sophisticated technology won't be useful if knowledge, willingness, and awarenes towards waste management is not a priority of the Government and is not embedded in the community.
