Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik (Rectifier dan Inverter)

(1)

Sistem Konversi Daya

Listrik (Rectifier dan

Inverter)

DTG1I1

(2)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

1. Rectifiers 2. Battery 3. Charge bus 4. Discharge bus

5. Primary Distribution systems 6. Secondary Distribution

systems

7. Voltage converters

8. Prime and standby ac power systems

9. Alternating current power distribution system

10.Load equipment

11.Monitoring and control system Telecommunication Power system

(3)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

AC to DC Converter (Rectifier)

DC to AC Converter (Inverter)

DC to DC Converter

AC to AC Converter

(4)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

Elemen dari Power Converter

Energy source Sumber input power converter power section Bagian utama yang mengkonversi

daya

Control system bagian yang melakukan fungsi

komparator dan melakukan modifikasi dibagian pulsa trigger pada power section

Protective and monitoring device bagian yang melakukan proteksi internap pada perangkat power konverter maupun beban

(5)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

RECTIFIER

adalah

alat

yang

digunakan untuk mengubah sumber arus

bolak-balik (AC) menjadi sinyal sumber

arus searah (DC).

(6)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

RECTIFIER

Rectifiers always are provided in an N + 1 redundant configuration giving a minimum of two rectifiers in any given system

Rectifiers are equipped for N + 1 redundancy: N rectifiers are required to serve load and

battery recharge requirements and one rectifier is added as a spare

(7)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

RECTIFIER

Silicon-controlled Rectifier (SCR)/thyristor Controlled ferroresonant transformer

Switch-mode rectifiers

(8)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

RECTIFIER

Penyearah Half Wave Penyearah Full Wave Penyearah Bridge

Prinsip Rangkaian Penyearah

π π 2 ωt t ω π π 2

(9)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

RECTIFIER Penyearah Half Wave Penyearah Full Wave Penyearah Bridge

(10)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

(11)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

(12)

D₁ on , D₄ on D₂ off , D₃ off

V

₂ R_L D₁ D₄ V_o +

-+

-

I Vo

V

₂ R_L D₂ D₃ V_o +

-+

-I V_o D2 on , D3 on D₁ off , D₄ off

t

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

(13)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

RECTIFIER

Capacitance output filter Prinsip Rangkaian Penyearah

(14)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

RECTIFIER

Operation Mode (float mode and equalize mode) Load Sharing and Parallel Operation

Remote Control Voltage Sensing

Temperature-Compensated Charging Rectifier Current Limitation

Voltage Regulation Efficiency

Power Factor Correction Input Voltage Range

High-Voltage Shutdown

Visual Indicators and Controls

Internal Protection and Control Functions

(15)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

IIIINVERTER

NVERTER

adalah Rangkaian

elektronika daya yang digunakan untuk

mengkonversikan tegangan searah (DC)

ke suatu tegangan bolak-balik (AC).

(16)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

Beberapa Perangkat telekomunikasi tetap membutuhkan catuan AC tanpa boleh terputus pada kondisi ini inverter dibutuhkan

Tegangan input inverter bisa 24 volt maupun 48 volt

Output inverter paling umum adalah 120 Volt AC, satu phasa, dan 60 Hz

A typical 48-V inverter will meet output specifications from 42- to 56-Vdc input, while 24-V inverters typically meet output specifications from 21- to 28-Vdc input

Another important requirement of inverters used in the telecommunications environment, one that differentiates them from inexpensive consumer inverters, is the requirement that they provide a relatively distortion-free sine wave output voltage waveform

(17)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

Passive stanby PLN subagai sumber utama, inverter standby

Active stanby Inverter sebagai catuan utama PLN sebagai sumber standby Continuous operation inverter sebagai catuan utama tanpa sistem standby

(18)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

(19)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

(20)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

Prinsip Rangkaian Inverter

Prinsip kerja

Contoh Topologi

Half-Bridge

Full-Bridge

Push-pull

Three phase

Multilevel

(21)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

Prinsip kerja

Contoh Topologi

Half-Bridge

Full-Bridge

Push-pull

Three phase

Multilevel

VDC S1 S4 S3 + vO VDC S1 S4 S3 S2 + vO VDC vO t1 t2 t S1,S2 ON; S3,S4 OFF for t1< t < t2

t2 t3 vO -VDC t S3,S4 ON ; S1,S2 OFF for t2< t < t3 S2

(22)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

Prinsip kerja

Contoh Topologi

Half-Bridge

Full-Bridge

Push-pull

Three phase

Multilevel

FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENT 3RD_HARMONIC 5RD_HARMONIC π DC V 4 Vdc -Vdc V1 3 1 V 5 1 V

INVERTER OUTPUT VOLTAGE

Output of the inverter is “chopped AC voltage with zero DC component”. It contain harmonicsharmonicsharmonicsharmonics....

An LC section lowLC section lowLC section lowLC section low----pass filterpass filterpass filterpass filter is normally fitted at the inverter output to reduce the high frequency harmonics.

(23)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

Prinsip kerja

Contoh Topologi

Half-Bridge

Full-Bridge

Push-pull

Three phase

Multilevel

V

_s

C

1

C

₂

S

₁

S

₂

H

alf

B

rid

ge

(24)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

Prinsip kerja

Contoh Topologi

Half-Bridge

Full-Bridge

Push-pull

Three phase

Multilevel

V

_s

S

₁

S

₂

S

₃

S

₄

F

ull

B

rid

ge

(25)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

Prinsip kerja

Contoh Topologi

Half-Bridge

Full-Bridge

Push-pull

Three phase

Multilevel

(26)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

Prinsip kerja

Contoh Topologi

Half-Bridge

Full-Bridge

Push-pull

Three phase

Multilevel

(27)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

INVERTER

Prinsip kerja

Contoh Topologi

Half-Bridge

Full-Bridge

Push-pull

Three phase

Multilevel

3-phase 2-level

(28)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

DC-DC Converter Latar Belakang

Most telecommunications switching and transmission equipment operates from –48 V but the radio frequency (RF) equipment used in many wireless base stations operates from +24 V Some older RF equipment used in paging and land mobile radio (LMR) installation operates

from +12 V

Equipment requiring other voltages and polarities has been deployed over the years, for example, +130 Vdc, –130 Vdc, and +48 Vdc

If a site has a mixture of equipment, a separate battery plant may be provided for each voltage or polarity but, depending on the load currents, it may be more economical to use dc–dc converters instead

(29)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

DC-DC Converter

Converters may be used to :

o Change voltage (e.g., from +24 Vdc to –48 Vdc) o Change polarity (e.g., from +24 Vdc to –24 Vdc) o Provide voltage stability

o Compensate for voltage drop

o Relocate power equipment to reduce floor space requirements in the power room o Optimize voltage

The dc–dc converters in telecommunications applications are similar to

switch-mode rectifiers and operate on the same basic principles except that the input

rectification stage is not needed

(30)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

DC-DC Converter

DC-DC converter configuration

a battery plant power system

(31)

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik

DC-DC Converter

DC-DC converter configuration

DC–DC converter common-bus configuration

(32)