si p r p r si pa pa s pa si fu fu fu t si p a p a
MATERI 1
TENSES
Tenses merupakan perubahan kata kerja dalam kalimat Bahasa Inggris yang menyatakan
perbedaan waktu dan sifat kegiatan atau kejadian.
Untuk dapat mengetahui dan memahami bentuk, perbedaan bentuk, dan kegunaan tenses, yang perlu dipahami terlebih dahulu adalah :
1. Pembagian Tenses
Tenses secara garis besar dibagi menjadi empat bagian yaitu present, past , future, dan past future. Masing- masing bagian itu dibagi lagi menjadi empat yaitu simple, continues, perfect, dan perfect continues. Maka seluruh jenis tenses jumlahnya ada 16. Perhatikan bagan di bawah ini:
Present Simple mple present tense Continues esent continues tense Perfect esent perfet tense
Perfect continues esent perfect continues tense
Tens es Pas t Futur e Past Future Simple mple past tense Continues st continues tense Perfect st perfet tense
Perfect continues st perfect continues tense Simple mple
future tense Continues ture continues tense Perfect ture perfet tense
Perfect continues ure perfect continues tense
Simple mple past future tense Continues st future continues tense Perfect t future perfet tense
Perfect continues st future perfect continues tense
2. Perbedaan rumus
Pertama, perhatikan terlebih dahulu pola dasar yang membedakan antara simple, continues, perfect, dan perfect continues. Ciri-ciri yang menjadi pembeda tersebut adalah sebagai berikut :
• Simple selalu memiliki Verb (V1/V2), tidak ada t o be ataupun t o ha v e
• Continues selalu memiliki be (is, am, are, was, were) dan V-ing • Perfect selalu memiliki unsur to have (have, has, had)
S S S S S + S + S S + S + S S + S + S S + S + S
Setelah mengetahui perbedaan antara 4 bentuk di atas, perlu diketahui bagian mana yang akan berubah jika dipengaruhi bentuk present, past, future dan past future, yaitu sebagai berikut • Simple + V • Continues + be + V-ing • • Perfect Perfect continues + ha v e + V3 + ha v e + been + V-ing a. Present
Ciri dari present yaitu : kata kerja dalam bentuk pertama, maka semua kata yang digaris bawahi di atas harus dalam bentuk pertama. Khusus untuk bentuk present ini, j i ka subjek berupa o rang k e t ig a t un gg a l , Verb pada bentuk simple tense ditambah – s / -es dan have pada bentuk perfect dan perfect continues tense berubah menjadi h as
b. Past
Ciri pada past yaitu kata kerja pada bentuk kedua , maka semua kata yang digaris bawahi harus dalam bentuk kedua
c. Future
Ciri dari future yaitu : memiliki modal wil l ( b e 1go i n g t o ) a t a u s h a ll . Maka modal tersebut diletakkan sebelum kata yang digaris bawahi tersebut. Perlu diingat bahwa m o dal se
l a l u d i i ku t i ben t uk per t a m a d. Past future
Ciri dari past future yaitu : memiliki modal would ( b e 1go i n g t o ) a t a u s h o u l d . Maka modal tersebut diletakkan sebelum kata yang digaris bawahi
M
a
ka
ru
m
u
s
dar
i k
e
-1
6
t e
n
ses
t e
r se
bu
t ada
l a
h
s
e
baga
i b
e
r i k
u
t :
Present Simple V1`(+ -s/-es)
Continues be1 (is, am, are) + V-ing
Perfect have (has) + V3
Perfect continues have (has) + been + V-ing
Tens es Pas t Futur e Past Future Simple V2
Continues be2(was,were) + V-ing
Perfect had + V3
Perfect continues had + been + V-ing Simple will/shall + V1
Continues will/shall + be + V-ing Perfect will/shall + have + V3
Perfect continues will/shall + have + been + V-ing
Simple would/should + V1
Continues would/should + be + V-ing Perfect would/should + have + V3
perfect Since…, for…, For…, since …, by …, By next …, by the By the following …,
already, just, yet, all before …, after …, end of …, by then, by the end of … last the day, ever, never
Perfect continues
3. Pengertian dan
fungsi
1. Present Masa sekarang 2. Past Masa lampau 3. Future Masa depan 4. Past future Akan terjadi di masa lampau Simple ~ menyatakan kebiasaan~ menyatakan hal yang terjadi berulang-ulang ~ menyatakan kebenaran umum
Continues
~ menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung
Perfect
~ menyatakan kejadian yang telah selesai
Perfect Continues
~ menyatakan kejadian yang telah dimulai dan masih berlangsung
Setelah memahami jenis, perbedaan bentuk, dan kegunaan di atas, perlu
diperhatikan hal-hal penting yang merupakan kunci dalam menyelesaikan soal yang berkaitan dengan tenses. Hal-hal tersebut antara lain:
1. keterangan waktu
Beberapa soal yang berhubungan dengan tenses dapat diselesaikan dengan melihat keterangan waktu yang digunakan dalam soal tersebut, yaitu antara lain
Present Past Future Past Future Simple Usually,
regularly, Yesterday, last…, Tomorrow, the day The following day, sometimes,
never, this morning, after tomorrow, the next day, the often, everyday, …before, …ago,
just next…, this coming …
every, week, once now morning… habitally, a week, frequently
Continues Now, at this At the moment, at
At this time At … o’clock the moment, right
now, the time, at … tomorrow, at … following day, at today, this year o’clock
yesterday o’clock tomorrow that time the nextday
Catatan:
• Keterangan waktu antara bentuk perfect dan perfect continues tense umumnya sama, sehingga untuk membedakannya (dalam menyelesaikan soal) perlu diperhatikan konteks kalimat yang menyatakan fungsi, yaitu apakah kejadian tersebut telah selesai atau masih berlangsung
• Keterangan waktu perfect dan perfect continues pada present dan past hampir sama. Untuk
• Penggunaan present continues tense juga bisa ditandai oleh adanya kalimat perintah seperti Look! Listen !
dan hear !
2.
Konjungsi
Jika kalimat soal merupakan gabungan dari klausa-klausa dengan tenses yang berbeda, maka konjungsi yang terdapat dalam soal itu dapat dijadikan ciri untuk menentukan bentuk tenses yang diminta oleh soal. Dalam hal ini perlu diketahui bahwa jika dua klausa memiliki tenses seimbang (present-present atau past-past) dapat digabung dengan while, when, before, dan after. Sementara since digunakan untuk menggabungkan present perfect dengan simple past. Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan pola penggabungan klausa dengan menggunakan konjungsi-konjungsi tersebut
Wh il e Rumus
: Simple + while + continues
Dari rumus tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa jika klausa pertama berbentuk simple tense (baik present maupun past), klausa kedua harus berupa continues tense dengan syarat antara klausa pertama dan kedua tersebut harus seimbang yaitu present-present atau past-past
Contoh :
~ He w a i t s for a long time while she is taking a bath ~ She m o v ed while I was going out of town
Wh en Rumus
: Simple + when + simple/continues/perfect/perfect continues Ata
u
simple/continues/perfect/perfect continues + when + simple Contoh :
~ Anton is surprised when I say that
~ Ardan had just finished his lunch when we chatted B
e f o r e d a n a
f ter
Rumus : perfect/perfect continues + before + simple/continues
simple/continues + after + perfect/perfect continues
S
Present perfect/pe rfect continues + since + simple past
Contoh :
~ She was lived in Jakarta since he entered the university
~ Dony has been standing outside since his girl friend slam the door 3. Konteks kalimat sebelum atau sesudahnya
Langkah ini berlaku jika soal terdiri dari dua kalimat yang umumnya beruoa
percakapan. Maka tenses yang dinyatakan harus sesuai dengan tenses pada kalimat lain dalam soal tersebut
Aplikasi Soal 1
1. This man five years ago Dalam pilihan jawaban hanya terdapat bentuk
A. dies future perfect continues sementara bentuk
B. died future perfect tidak ada C. is dying
D. has died Jawaban : B E. had died
Pembahasan 3. ‘Where is Puzzy?’
This man five years ago ‘ Look ! She on the pillow. ‘ A. sleeps
B. is sleeping
Keterangan waktu simple past tense C. slept D. has slept
Jawaban : B E. would sleep
2. She here for 2 years by the end of this this week Penyelesaian : A. has been living
B. will have been living Look ! She on the pillow
C. has lived
D. would have been living
E. will be living Ciri penggunaan present continues tense
Pembahasan : Jawaban : B She here for 2 years by the end of this this week
Keterangan waktu future perfect
Atau future perfect continues
4. Vina : When did you get the letter ? Penyelesaian :
Fani : Yesterday. My family when the tenses harus sesuai dengan
“where are you”
postman arrived
A. have lunch simple present tense
B. will have lunch
C. were having lunch Jawaban : C D. will have had lunch
E. have been having lunch 9. A: “Can you pick me up at around 2.00 pm tomorrow ? “
Penyelesaian : B : “I’m sorry I can’t, I then” My familu when the postman arrived A. am teaching
B. will be teaching
+ when + simple past tense C. have been teaching
D. have taught
Past tense E. will teach
Jawaban : C Penyelesaian : 5. Nindy : when did you get this cassette? Tenses
harus sesuai dengan “
Lia : Yesterday. When I home, a boy asked Can you pick me up at around 2.00 pm tomorrow?
me to give it to you
A. walk keterangan waktu untuk future
B. walked continues tense
C. walking
D. was walked Penyelesaian : B E. has been walking
10. I thanked her for what she Penyelesaian :
A. does When I home, a boy asked me to give it to you B. has done (susun balik pola klausa dengan konjungsi when ) C. will do
D. had done
a boy asked me to give it to you when I home E. would be done simple past tense +
when + PenyelesaianTidak ada keterangan waktu maupun konjungsi merupakan ciri tenses tertentu. Maka tenses
past tense menyesuaikan kata kerja sebelumnya
Jawaban : B I thanked her for what she
6. Anton dan Doni have been friends since they
elementary school past tense A. were entering D. will have entered
Aplikasi soal 2 E. had been
7. Atik : When will your sister her study ? 1. “What a beautiful voice. She is a talented singer. “ Mirna : I hope she by July next year
“She since she was a child A. will have graduated
A. sang
B. has graduated
B. sings
C. will graduated
C. is singing
D. is going to graduated D. had been singing E. intends to graduated E. has been singing
2. A : I think we’re going to be here for a while 8. Ridwan : When are the children going to see the
B. : But we in line for almost an hour rice-field ?
A. are standing Willy : In June, after the harvest time
B. have stood Ridwan : Are they ? So, by the time they get there, C. stand the farmers all the crops
D. were standing
A. harvest
E. have been standing
B. harvested
3. A : I think we’re going to be here for a while C. has harvested B. : But we in line for almost an hour
D. had harvested
A. are standing
E. will have harvested
B. have stood 9. “Don’t you think the bus driver is speeding?”
C. stand “Yes, I’m afraid he the lives of the passengers” D. were standing A. endangered
E. have been standing
B. will endanger
4. By the end of this week, I from Malaysia C. would have endangered
A. am back
D. endangers
B. have been back
E. would endanger
C. would be back 10. Hadi looks very tired, he for hours now
D. may be back
A. drove
E. will have been back
B. had driven
5. The maid had been ironing when I came C. was driving It means when I came .
D. had been driving
A. the maid was still ironing
E. has been driving
B. the maid didn’t iron anymore 11. Harry : We receive a large donation from individual
C. the maid had finished ironing
donors and bequests
D. the maid would iron Irma : I hope you distribute the money as soon as
E. the maid stopped ironing
possible
6. ‘Do you often go to restaurants ? ‘ Harry : Don’t worry. We all the money by the
‘No, it … quite a long time since I went to a end of this month restaurant with my friends. ‘ A. distribute A. has been B. will distributed B. would be C. have distributed C. is being
D. will have distributed
D. was E. will have been distributed
12. Understanding a joke isan intellectual achieve Rufy : Oh . I for a new dictionary at the book ment, yet reflective thought humor store then.
A. to destroy A. look B. to be destroyed by B. looked C. destroys C. will look D. destroying D. was looking E. has destroyed E. have looked
13. Andi : I didn’t see your sister . where she is? 18. “You are supposed to be here ten minutes ago .
Roy : She’s studying in Australia Where were you ?” Andi : Oh, how long has she been there? “I a place to park”
Roy : A. am looking
A. last year B. looked
B. a year ago C. have looking C. since last year D. look
D. by next year E. was looking E. yesterday 19. The maid had been ironing when I came. It means
14. Asfi had just watered the flowers when Ihsan when I came . came . From this sentence we may conclude that A. the maid was still ironing
A. Ihsan didn’t see Asfi watering the flowers B. the maid didn’t iron anymore
B. Ihsan came at the time Asfi was watering the C. the maid had finished ironing flowers D. the maid would iron
C. Ihsan was watching Asfi watering the flowers E. the maid stopped ironing D. Ihsan would come when Asfi finished watering 20. Nuki : What was your sister doing when you arrived the flowers home last night?
E. Ihsan had come before Asfi watered the Rendra : She in the kitchen flowers A. cooks
15. Because the allocated time is not enough to B. is cooking finish this project, we are still working on it now. C. has cooked
As a matter of fact we on it for four days D. has been cooking A. are working E. was cooking B. work
C. have been working D. worked
E. had worked
16. James : Why didn’t you answer my call? Peter : Sorry .
A. I was feeding my cattle B. I had fed all my cattle C. I have fed my cattle D. I’ll feed my cattle
E. I fed my cattle
17. Susan : I went to your house at 7 p.m last night But you weren’t home. Where were you?
Kunci jawaban aplikasi soal 2
dan telah diketahui bahwa since menun jukkan bentuk Perfect Tense atau Perfect Continues Tense1. She is a talented singer merupakan bentuk Maka jelaslah bahwa bentuk tenses yang tepat
nominal Simple present tense sehingga menunjukkan adalah Present perfect tense atau present perfect waktu sekarang . Since menunjukkan bentuk perfect continues tense
tense atau perfect continues tense. Jawaban : A Maka jawaban yang tepat berbentuk Present perfect 7. Jelas bahwa by July next year juga menunjukkan Continues tense bentuk Future perfect tense atau Perfect Continues
Jawaban : E tense yang memiliki unsur utama will + have.
2. For almost an hour merupakan keterangan waktu Jawaban : A bentuk Perfect tense atau Perfect Continues Tense 8. When a r e the children go i n g t o see the rice field? sementara itu kalimat : I think w e ’ r e go i n g to
b e h e r e menggunakan Perfect Tense ( are going to adalah for a while ( Aku piker k i t a akan di s i ni untuk beberapa bentuk lain dari will ). Selain petunjuk tersebut saat ) menunjukkan bahwa pada saat berbicara A dan B diketahui pula bahwa by the time… menunkukkan sedang berada “di sini” (here). Maka bentuk tenses bentuk Future Perfect Tense atau Future perfect
yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat adalah Perfect Continues Tense. Maka jawaban yang tepat adalah
continues tense jawaban yang memiliki
unsur will+ have
Jawaban : E Jawaban : E
3. For almost an hour merupakan keterangan waktu 9. D o n ’ t you think the bus driver i s s p ee d i n g ? Berupa bentuk Perfect tense atau Perfect Continues Tense Present Tense (pembicaraan terjadi di masa seka- sementara itu kalimat : I think w e ’ r e go
i n g to b e h e r e rang). I’m a f r a i d he the lives of passengers for a while ( Aku piker k i t a akan di s i ni untuk beberapa Kata afraid yang merupakan ungkapan kekhawa- saat ) menunjukkan bahwa pada saat berbicara A dan B tiran mengindikasikan bahwa peristiwa (membaha- sedang berada “di sini” (here). Maka bentuk tenses yakan) belum terjadi saar pembicaraan berlangsung yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat adalah Perfect Kalimat yang belum terjad pada saat Present adalah continues tense future
Jawaban : E Jawaban : B
4. By the end of … merupakan keterangan waktu 10. For hours n o w menunjukkan bentuk Present
Untuk Future perfect tense atau future perfect conti Perfect tense atau Present Perfect Continues Tense nues tense. Hanya ada satu jawaban yang mengandung Jawaban yang tepat adalah yang berbentuk Present unsur future (will), sehingga jelas bahwa jawaban itulah Perfect Tense
yang tepat. Jawaban : D
Jawaban : E
5. had been ironing menggunakan bentuk past perfect 11. Jelas bahwa by the end of this month menunjukkan Continues tense yang menyatakan sesuatu yang telah bentuk Future Perfect tense atau Future perfect terjadi atau telah dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih Continues Tense yang memiliki unsur utama will + terjadi pada saat peristiwa lain di waktu lampau terjadi have (Jawaban yang mungkin D atau E ). I hope Maka pada saat aku datang ( I came) pembantu itu masih you distribute the money a s s oo n a s p o ssi b l e menyetrika. (aku harap kamu mendistribusikan uang itu secepat
Jawaban : A nya) Don’t worry… ( Jangan khawatir )
6. ‘Do you often go to restaurants?’ (Apakah kamu Percakapan ini
menunjukkan bahwa proses distri sering pergi ke restoran-restoran?) busi diharapkan sudah se l esai by the end of this Pertanyaan tersebut menunjukkan bentuk present month. Maka tenses yang tepat adalah Future
Pr
Pa
Perfect Tense - Ten minutes ago Jawaban : D - Where were you ?
12. Understanding a joke isan intellectual achieve Kedua petunjuk tersebut menunjukkan bentuk ment, yet reflective thought humor . Simple Past Tense sehingga jawabanny apasti juga Kalimat tersebut terdiri dari dua
klausa yang dihu- dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense ( S + V2 )
bungkan oleh kata hubung yet. Klausa pertama Jawaban : B
berbentuk Simple Present Tense. Jadi jawaban yang 19. Had been ironing menggunakan bentuk Past
tepat adalah destroys. Perfect Tense yang menyatakan sesuatu yang telah
Jawaban : C terjadi atau telah dimulai pada masa lalu dan masih
13. how long h a s s h e b een t h e r e ? esent perfect terjadi pada saat peristiwa lain di waktu lampau ter T ens e . Keterangan waktu yang sesuai digunakan untuk jadi. Maka pada saat aku datang ( I came ) pemban Tenses ini adalah Since last year tu tersebut masih menyetrika
Jawaban : C Jawaban : A
14. Had just watered merupakan bentuk Past Perfect 20. What w a s your sister d
o i n g when you arrived Tense yang berfungsi untuk menyatakan sesuatu home last night ? ( Apa yang sedang dilakukan sau yang telah terjadi pada saat peristiwa lain terjadi di dara perempuanmu ketika kamu tiba di rumah tadi masa lampau . Maka Adfi had just watered the flowers malam). Was + doing st
Continues Tense
when Ihsan came berarti Asfi telah selesai menyiram Pertanyaan
menggunakan Past Continues Tense bunga ketika Ihsan datang sehingga jawaban yang tepat juga berbenrtuk Past Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah Ihsan didn’t see Asfi Continues Tense
watering the flowers. (Ihsan tidak melihat Asfi menyi Jawaban : E
ram bunga)
Jawaban : A 15. For four days menunjukkan bentuk Perfect tense atau Perfect continues tense. We are still working on it now berarti kami m as i h sedang m en g erjakan n y a sekarang . Maka jawaban yang tepat menggunakan
Perfect Continues Tense
Jawaban : C 16. Why didn’t you answer my call ? (kenapa kamu tidak menjawab teleponku?) Didn’t menunjukkan bentuk past, sehingga opsi C dan D sudah pasti salah Kejadian yang tepat adalah kejadian yang sedang
Si
t erjadi pada saat James menelepon. Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau adalah Past Continues tense
( S +was,were + Ving)
Jawaban : A 17. Where were you ? mple Past tense Then adalah keterangan waktu yang digunakan untuk Past Continues tense S + was/were + Ving
Jawaban : D 18. Terdapat dua petunjuk dalam soal ini :
rumus dasar p ues pola dasar pola dasar d Continues to b es to hav ha
MATERI II
PASSIVE VOICE
Passive voice merupakan kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai tindakan
atau perbuatan . Pola dasar kalimat pasif : to be + V3
Langkah-langkah penyelesaian soal yang berkaitan dengan passive voice adalah :
1. Menentukan rumus yang tepat untuk kalimat pasif tersebut
Dalam menyelesaikan soal passive voice, harus diketahui terlebih dahulu bentuk kalimat pasif yang diminta oleh soal tersebut. Kadang soal meminta ketepatan tenses pada sebuah kalimat pasif, namun kadang soal hanya meminta bentuk pasif tertentu (yang merupakan bagian dari suatu kalimat) tanpa begitu memperhatikan tenses keseluruhan kalimat.
a. Rumus kalimat tenses berdasarkan tensesnya
Telah disebutkan di atas bahwa pola dasar kalmat pasif adalah to be + V3. Pola dasar kalimat ini dapat mengalami modifikasi dipengaruhi oleh bentu tenses. Untuk memahami pola-pola kalimat pasif berdasar tensesnya, yang perlu diingat adalah :
- Simple asif t i dak m endapa t kan t a m bahan - Contin pasif m endapat t a m bahan b e i n g
- Perfect engan tambahan to have sehingga to be dalam bentuk ketiga ( been )
- Perfect la pasif perfe c t m endapat t a m bahan b e i n g Maka bentuk formulanya :
Simple e + V3
Continu be + b e i n g + V3 Perfect e + been + V3
Perfect Conttinues ve + been +being + V3
Pada dasarnya unsur yang digaris bawahi pada bentuk formula di atas merupakan pembeda pola pasif antara bentuk simple, continues, perfect, dan perfect continues
Sementara itu, ciri yang membedakan pola berdasar pambagian waktu present, past, future dan past future sama dengan ciri umum tenses, yaitu :
1. pada present, kata kerja/kata bantu dalam bentuk pertama 2. pada past, kata kerja/kata bantu dalam bentuk kedua 3. future memiliki modal will/shall
S + S + S S + S + S S + S + S S + S + S
Maka keseluruhan pola kalimat pasif berdasar tensesnya adalah sebagai berikut : Present Simple be1(is ,am, are ) + V3
Continues be1 (is, am, are) + being + V3
Perfect have/has+been+ V3
Perfect continues have/has + been + being + V3
Tens es Pas t Futur e Past Future Simple be2(was,were) + V3
Continues be2(was,were) + being + V3
Perfect had +been + V3
Perfect continues had + been + being + V3
Simple will/shall + be+ V3
Continues will/shall + be + being + V3
Perfect will/shall + have +been + V3
Perfect continues will/shall + have + been + being + V3
Simple would/should +be + V3
Continues would/should + be + being + V3
Perfect would/should + have +been + V3
Perfect continues would/should + have + been + being + V3
a. Rumus kalimat pasif yang memiliki modal atau modal perfect
Pola kalimat pasif yang menggunakan modal pada intinya sama dengan pola future dan past future,yaitu :
- S + modal + be + V3
- S + modal + have + been +V3 Contoh :
- Kalimat aktif : They c an help us if we want
- Kalimat pasif : we c an be he l ped (by them) if we want - Kalimat aktif : You m ust ha v e c hea t ed me in the game
- Kalimat pasif : I m ust ha v e been c hea t ed (by you) in the game b. Bentuk pasif dari to infinitive dan gerund
Pola kalimat pasif dari bentuk to infinitive sama dengan pola pasif untuk gerund, yaitu : to + be + V3
Contoh :
- Kalimat aktif : He continues t o m o c k her
- Kalimat pasif : she continues t o be m o c ked (by him) - Kalimat aktif : she advice me t ak i ng the job
c. Rumus kalimat yang pasif yang berbentuk pertanyaan
Pola kalimat pasif untuk bentuk introgative atau pertanyaan menyesuaikan bentuk pertanyaannya. Perlu diingat bahwa dalam kalimat pertanyaan dikenal dengan istilah yes-no question, yaitu : pertanyaan yang jawabannya “yes” atau “no” dan wh-question, yaitu : pertanyaan ynag jawabannya berupa informasi. Yes-no question menggunakan modal dan kata bantu sebagai kata Tanya, sedangkan wh-question menggunakan question word seperti who, which, when, why, where, whom, what, which dan how.
Terdapat 2 pola kalimat pasif yang berbeda untuk bentuk yes-no question, yaitu : 1. Jika kalimat tersebut t i dak m e m i li k i m o dal
2. Jika kalimat tersebut m e m i l i ki m o dal
Sementara itu untuk bentuk wh-question terdapat 3 pola kalimat pasif yang berbeda,yaitu : 1. Jika kalimat tersebut t i dak m e m i li k i m o dal
2. Jika kalimat tersebut m e m i l i ki m o dal
3. Jika yang ditanyakan adalah subjek kalimat tersebut
Perhatikan bagan berikut untuk membedakan pola-pola tersebut To be + S + V3 ? Pola pasif Yes-no question Modal + S be + V3 ? WH-question + tobe + S + V3 ?
Wh-question Wh-question + modal + S + be + V3 ? Wh-question + to be/modal be + V3 ?
1. Menentukan subjek kalimat pasif
Langkah selanjutnya adalah menentukan subjek untuk kalimat pasif, sehingga diketahui apakah subjek itu tunggal atau jamak. Hal ini penting untuk menentukan to be yang akan digunakan dalam bentuk pasif. Perhatikan cara menentukan subjek kalimat pasif di bawah ini
a. Objek pada sebuah kalimat aktif akan menjadi subjek jika kalimat tersebut diubah ke dalam bentuk pasif
Contoh :
Kalimat aktif : Ronaldo kicked t he ba l l strongly
Kalimat pasif : T he ba l l was kicked strongly by Ronaldo
b. Jika kalimat aktif memiliki dua objek ( objek langsung dan objek tak langsung), maka objek langsung akan menjadi subjek untuk kalimat pasifnya.
Contoh :
Kalimat aktif : The girl gives h i m e v er y t h i n g Kalimat pasif : he is given everything by thr girl
c. Jika kalimat aktifnya menggunakan subjek berupa people, everyone, dan everybody yang diikuti that clause, maka subjek kalimat pasifnya berupa impersonal ‘it’
Contoh :
Kalimat aktif : P e o p l e say that the young lady is an idol Kalimat pasif :I t is said that the young lady is an idol
erfec t ubjek : ja Si
Aplikasi soal 1
Penyelesaian :1. Mella : Why do you prefer Surya Department By the time you come, the house blue
Store to others?
Noni : Because the items in reasonable price Future p / future perfect continues
A. is sold Tanpa menentukan subjek, sudah bisa diketahui
B. are sold jawaban yang tepat :
will have been painted
C. was sold Jawaban C
D. were sold 4. X : Was there any trouble at the demonstration? E. had been sold Y : Yes, about 20 people arrested
A. are being D. were Penyelesaian : B. have been E. are
C. will be Why do you prefer …
Menunjukkan simple present
Penyelesaian : the
items in reasonable price. Was there any trouble … subjek jamak menunjukkan simple past
Rumus passive untuk simple present dengan subjek about 20 people jamak adalah : S + are + V3
arrested
Jawaban : B s mak 2. The thief by the police at his victim’s house Jawaban : D
last night. 5. Nothing since we left
A. is caught D. is catching A. has been changed D. was changed
B. was caught E. had been caught B. is changed E. would be changed
C. caught C. will be changed Penyelesaian : Penyelesaian :
The
thief by … last night Nothing
since we left mple past
bung Subjek tunggal
simple past mengga an present perfect
Rumus passive untuk simple past dengan subjek dengan simple past
tunggal adalah : S + was + V3 Kalimat pasif yang diminta dalam bentuk present
Jawaban : B perfect
3. By the time you come, the house blue Jawaban : A
A. will to be painted
B. will be painted 6. “He never locks the door.” The passive form of the
C. will have been painted sentence is
D. will have been painting A. the door are never locked
E. would be painted B. the door was not locked
C. he is locked by door 9. “The student were disturbed by the noise of the
D. the door is locked by him tractor “ . Means
E. the door is never locked A. the noise of the tractor was disturbedB. the noise of the tractor were
disturbed
Penyelesaian : C. the noise of the tractor disturbed the
studentsD. the noise of the tractor was being disturbed
He never locks the door E. the noise of the tractor is disturbed simple present subjek kalimat pasif Penyelesaian :
tunggal
The student were disturbed Pasif Simple Rumus kalimat pasif : S + is + V3 Past Catatan : adverb ‘never’ tidak boleh dihilangkan Subjek kalimat pasif = objek kalimat aktif
Jawaban : E Subjek kalimat aktifnya yaitu : the noise of the tractor .
Sehingga kalimat aktif dari soal di atas :
7. “How old is the mosque?” The noise of the
tractor disturbed the students
“Well, it in 1870.” Jawaban : C
A. built D. had built
B. to be built E. had been built 10. The regulation of our dormitory does not allow
C. was built dinner before sunset the fasting month
A. to serve D. is served Penyelesaian : B. to be served E. is serving
C. to be serving it in 1870 simple
past tense Penyelesaian :
subjek :
tunggal Jawaban : C allow diikuti to infinitive
8. The author had died before his
book Bentuk pasif to infinitive : to + be + V3
A. has been published
Jawaban : B B. had been published C. would be published D. was being published Penyelesaian :
The author had died before his book past perfect
subjek tunggal
menghubungkan perfect dengan
simple/continues (tenses sejajar) Rumus passive untuk simple past dengan subjek tunggal adalah : S + was + V3
Aplikasi Soal 2
“Yes, I regret I refused it, but when I went back to him, it “1. Jupiter’s four moons through a
telescope A. had been taken
by Galileo. B. had taken
A. were first viewed C. had to have taken
B. first viewed D. had to be taken
C. had been first viewed E. had to take
D. were being first viewed
E. first being viewed 7. “Did you get the cheap second-hand computeradvertised in the newspaper?” 2. “Can I borrow your car?” “No luck, It when I called them.”
“Sorry, you can’t. It by my brother A. had been sold
A. being repaired B. has been sold
B. to be repaired C. is being sold
C. was repaired D. were sold
D. hed been repaired E. is sold
E. is being repaired 8. It’s very cold, the door needs closing. It means thatA. The door will close the cold
3. I saw him stealing money. The passive
form is B. It’s too clod to close the door
A. I saw him to be stolen C. the door need to be closed because it’s very cold
B. He was seen stealing money D. the door has been closed since it is very cold
C. The money was stolen and I saw him E. It is very cold because the door is closed
D. I was seen to steal money
E. He and the money were seen 9. Komodos to be descendant from dinosaurus
A. they believe 4. The Amazon valley is extremely
important to the B. to believe
ecology of the earth. Forty percent of the world’s C. believed oxygen there
D. to be believed
A. are being produced E. are believed B. are produced
C. is being produced 10. A wooden bridge here next month
D. is produced A. is going to build E. was produced B. is to build
C. is building 5. Father cut the trees. The passive
form is D. will be built
A. the trees are to be cut E. is built B. the trees are cut
C. the trees were cut 11. A : “is my car ready ?” D. the trees would be cut B. : “I’m sorry. because we didn’t get the
E. the trees had been cut spare parts until today A. we have fixed it
B. is still fixing veterinarian yesterday” C. still being fixing
D. we still fixed it 17. “Why do those people panic?”
E. is still being fixed “ Their semi-permanent
houses “ A. demolished 12. “Why are you crying?”
B. are demolished
“My wallet “ C. to be demolished A. to be stolen D. to demolished B. be stolen E. are being demolished
C. being stolen 18. Other norms, however, to the individual
D. was stolen A. are applied E. has been stealing B. applies
C. applied
13. The floor since yesterday D. apply A. has not swept E. applying B. not be sweeping
C. has not been swept 19. “Your shoes are wet. They “ D. not sweeping A. need to be drying
E. not being swept B. need drying C. should need being dried 14. Someone had advised me to see a psychologist
D. need to be dried The passive form
A. I have seen a psychologist
E. will need be dried
B. I am advised to see a psychologist 20. “Have you been informed about the exact number
C. I have advised someone to see a psychologist of victims of the airplane crash?”
D. someone has been advised to see a psychologist “Yes, to the head quarters of Garuda?” E. I have been advised to see psychologist A. they are faxed
B. has faxed 15. “ What is going to happen to children who have
C. the victims fax become orphan due to tsunami disaster ?” D. it has been faxed “ Don’t worry. They “ E. we fax it
A. will take care of
B. will have been taken care of 21. “Why can’t I find the file on the annual report
C. will have taken care of in the computer?” D. will be taken care of “Because
it in the hard disk.” E. will be taking care of A. was not saving
B. not saved 16. “When did the accident happen?”
C. did not save “When the goods from the truck.” D. not being saved A. were unloading E. was not saved
B. were being unloading
C. being loaded 22. “I haven’t got the report on the seminar held last
D. they were unloading last week”
“ I’m sure it on your desk yesterday. “
w tu Si w a t 3 A .put
B. being put Maka rumus passive voice nya : were + V3
C. was putting ere viewed D. was put Catatan : first merupakan keterangan yang bisa
E. putting bisa diletakkan antara to be dan V3 tanpa merubah pola kalimat pasif
23. “Hasn’t Anita submitted her report yet?” Jawaban : A
“I don’t think so. It
A. be printing
2. It by my brother
B. is printing - Subjek kalimat di atas adalah it nggal
C. being printing - Penggunaan modal present can menunjukkan
D. to be printed present tense
E. being printed Jawaban yang sesuai dengan pola present adalah
i s being repaired
24. “ I need the report immediately, so why don’t you Jawaban : E
use tour laptop computer?”
“ I can’t. The battery .” 3. I saw him stealing money mple Past Tense A. is charging Pola pasif Simple Past Tense : was +V3 s seen B. to be charged Maka bentuk kalimat pasifnya : He was seen
C. is to charged stealing money ( stealing merupakan keterangan
D. is being charged yang posisinya tidak perlu berubah)
E. charged Jawaban : B
25. Arman was not given a present by his parents. 4. The Amazon valley is extremely important to
It means that
the ecology of the earth. Fp e rc e n t o f t h e o r ty A. Arman didn’t give a present to his parents w o rl d ’ s o x yg en there
B. Arman gave a present to his parents - Subjek kalimt di atas adalah Forty percent of the
C. Arman’s parents didn’t give him a present world’s oxygen unggal ( karena oksigen tidak dapat dihitung )
D. Arman didn’t give them a present - Kalimat pertama menunjukkan Simple Present
E. Arman’s parents were not given a present Tense
is pro duct
Kunci jawaban aplikasi soal 2
Jawaban : D
1. J up i te r ’ s f o u r m oo n s through s telescope 5. Father c u t the trees. Kata kerja cut merupakan
b
y G a lil e o . irregular verb . Bentuk pertama kedua dan ketiga Penggunaan kata by ( oleh ) menunjukkan bahwa nya sama. Kata cut dalam kalimat ini adalah kata kalimat ini pasif. Dalam menyelesaikan soal passive kerja bentuk kedua, maka kalimat ini dalam bentuk voice, yang paling perlu diperhatikan adalah subjek Simple Past Tense. Hal ini bisa diketahui dari subjek kalimat dan tenses. nya. Father adalah orang ketiga tunggal, sehingga
- Subjek kalimat di atas adalah Jupiter,s four moons jika bentuk waktu
kalimat ini simple present maka adalah jamak cut harus ditambah –s menjadi cuts
tu h a t tu pr I .
Karena tensesnya Simple Pasr maka bentuk passifnya : - next month future tense
S + was/were + V3 Rumus passive voice nya : will/ is going to +be + V3
Subjek kalimat passif adalah objek dari kalimat aktifnya will be built
Maka kalimat pasifnya : the trees were cut Jawaban : D Jawaban : C 11. Dari percakapan diketahui bahwa mobil belum siap
dan masih sedang dalam keadaan diperbaiki. Maka
6. When I went back to
him, it jawaban yang tepat adalah bentuk pasif yang meng - Subjek kalimat di atas adalah it nggal gunakan
Present Continues Tense
- Jika when + simple past tense, maka kalimat Jawaban : E
sebelumnya atau kalimat yang mengikutinya bisa
berupa simple past, past continues atau past perfect 12. Subjek kalimat ( wallet ) tidak mungkin melakukan Bila dilihat dari pilihan jawabannya, maka tenses kegiatan aktif, sehingga kalmat pasti dalam bentuk yang mungkin digunakan adalah Past Perfect. Maka pasif. Satu-satunya jawaban yang sesuai dengan
rumus passive voicenya : had + been + V3 d pola kalimat adalah : was stolen
been taken
Jawaban : D
Jawaban : A
13. The floor since yesterday
7. It when I called them. - Subjek kalimat ‘the floor’ adalah tunggal
- Subjek kalimat di atas adalah I nggal - Since merupakan keterangan waktu yang menciri
- Seperti pada soal no.4, tenses dari kalimat bersub Rumus : have/has + been + V3. Pola negatifnya :
jek it bisa bertenses simple past, past ciontinues, atau have/has + not + been + v3
past perfect Jawaban : D Berdasarkan bentuk tenses, jawaban yang mungkin 14. Someone had advised me to see a psychologist adalah jawaban A dan D tapi karen
subjeknya tunggal esent perfect tense
jawaban yang lebih tepat adalah had been sold Subjek kalimat pasifnya adalah objek pada kalimat
jawaban : A aktif : me Pola yang tepat adalah : I have been advised 8. It’s very cold. the door needs
closing. It means Jawaban : E Seperti telah diketahui kata need yang diikuti gerund bisa 15. “ What is going to happen to children who bermakna pasif. Bentuk need + gerund ini memiliki arti have become orphan due to tsunami disaster ?” yang sama dengan need+ to be + V3. Maka kalimat yang “ Don’t worry. They “
w i
memiliki maksud yang sama dengan kalimat soal adalah : - Subjek kalimat di atas ( they ) yang merupakan
The door need to be closed because it’s very cold objek
Jawaban : C - is going to dalam pertanyaan memiliki makna
dengan will
9. Komodos to be descendant from dinosaurus Rumus : will + be + V3 ll be taken care of
- Subjek kalimat di atas jamak Jawaban : D
- Kalimat tersebut menyatakan pernyataan umum 16. “When did the accident happen?” sehingga tenses nya Simple present “When the goods from the truck.” Rumus passive voice nya : are + V3 was believed - Kata did dalam pertanyaan menunjukkan
Jawaban : E Past Tense. Jika simple + when tenses kalimat
10. A wooden bridge here next month ini bisa bertenses simple past, past continues
Si a r
- Subjek kalimat di atas ( the goods ) jamak - yesterday Simple Past Tense Jawaban yang sesuai dengan pola kalimat pasif Pola pasif yang tepat : was + V3 was put bertenses past adalah were being unloaded Jawaban : D
Jawaban : E
23. Subjek it menggantikan report ( tidak bisa melaku
17. “Why do those people panic?” kan kegiatan aktif) sehingga kalimatnya pasti pasif
“ T h e i r s e mi - p e r m a n e n t h o u s es “ Jawaban yang sesuai dengan pola kalimat pasif
- T h e i r s e mi - p e r m a n e n t h o u s es adalah jamak adalah is being printed - Kata bantu do mple present tense Jawaban : E
Pola pasif yang tepat : are + V3 e demolished 24. “ I can’t. The battery .”
Jawaban : B The battery sebagai subjek tidak dapat melakukan kegiatan aktif maka harus berbentuk pasif. Jawaban 18. Ot h er n o r ms , however, to the individual yang paling tepat adalah is + being + charged
( Norma-norma lain bagaimanapun
juga, I can’t menunjukkan simple present . kepada individual ) Jawaban : D Konteks kalimat mengindikasikan bahwa kalimat 25. Arman w
a s n o t g i v en a p r e s e n t by his parents. ini pasif. Jawaban yang memenuhi pola pasif menunjukkan pasif simple tense. Bentuk aktif
adalah A dari kalimat tersebut : Arman’s parents didn’t give
Jawaban : A him a present 19. “Your shoes are wet. They “
Subjek they menggantikan shoes tidak mungkin mela kukan kegiatan aktif. Berarti kalimat haris pasif. Kata need yang diikuti gerund bisa bermakna pasif.
Jawaban : B 20. “Have you been informed about t h e ex
a c t n u m b e o f v ic t i m s o f t h e a ir p l a n e cr
a s h ? ”
Frase yang digarisbawahi akan menjadi subjek untuk
kalimat pasif. Kata yang menjadi inti frase tersebut adalah victims (jamak). Dari sini bisa dilihat bahwa jawa ban yang benar adalah they are faxed
Jawab B
Jawaban : C 21.
“Because it in the hard disk.” Subjek it menunjuk pada file on the annual report maka tidak mungkin melakukan kegiatan aktif save. maka jawaban merupakan bentuk kalimat pasif
Jawaban : E
22. “ I’m sure i t on your desk yesterday. “ - it (tunggal)
MATERI III
CONDITIONAL & SUBJUNCTIVE
Pada dasarnya kalimat conditional dan subjunctive sama-sama menyatakan pengandaian. Kalimat conditional memiliki dua klausa yaitu main clause dan if clause. Sementara
subjunctive memiliki beberapa bentuk berbeda dimana kata-kata yang bisa digunakan antara lain : wish, as if/as though, if only, dan would rather. Soal-soal yang berhubungan dengan conditional sentence maupun subjunctive umumnya hanya menanyakan
kelengkapan bentuk kalimat sesuai pola ataupun menanyakan fakta ataupun kenyataan dari pengandaian. Maka dari itu untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal tersebut, harus diketahui pola kalimat dan pola faktanya.
Di bawah ini adalah tabel hubungan tenses antara bentukdan fakta conditional dan subjunctive
Bentuk conditional tenses
Tipe Rumus
Fakta
I
If + simple present tense, future
tenses
Future
II
If + simple past tense, past future
tense
Present
III
If + past perfect tense, past future
tense
Past
Catatan:
- klausa-klausa pada fakta biasanya dihubungkan oleh konjungsi because and so. Susunan if clause dan main clause tidak mempengaruhi arti, namun mempengaruhi penggunaan konjungsi tersebut.
Contoh :
Conditional : if I had told him , he would not go there fakta : I did not tell him, so he went there
Because I did not tell him, he went there
- Conditional sentence tanpa if bisa digunakan untuk tipe kedua dan ketiga, pola if clause nya menjadi : Tipe II : were + S + Complement
Tipe III : had + S + V3
Bentuk subjunctive:
Tipe Rumus Fakta
Present S + wish + (that) + S + V2 Present S + V1 + as if/as though + S +
had + v2
If only + S + V2
I would rather + S + V2
Past S + wish + (that) + S +had + V3
Past S + V2 + as if/as though + S +
V3
If only + S +had + V3
Hal yang perlu diperhatikan :
1. Fakta dari conditional dan subjunctive berlawanan dengan pengandaiannya, jika pengandaian positif maka faktanya negative dan sebaliknya
2. Untuk conditional sentence tipe II dan subjunctive tipe present, tidak digunakan kata bantu was, walaupun
subjeknya tunggal. Kata bantu yang dipakai hanya were
Aplikasi soal 1
1. If I had come to the music festival, I would have met Ria Angelina there. This sentence means
A. I didn’t come to the music festival but Ria Angelina there
B. I had come to the music festival in oorder meet Ria Angelina there
C. I didn’t come to the music festival so I didn’t meet Ria Angelina D. I come to the music festival but I didn’t meet Ria Angelina there E. I didn’t come to the festival and Ria Angelina was there
Penyelesaian :
If I had come …, I would have met … conditional Fakta sentence tipe II berlawanan (-)
had come did not me
would have met did not meet Jawaban : C
2. Had he handed in the application, he last week A. would be allowed to join the interview
B. was being allowed to join the interview test C. would have been allowed to join me
interview test D. we will have been allowed to koin me interview test E. he was allowed to join the interview test
Penyelesaian :
Had he handed in the application Inversi
conditional sentence tipe II
Pola lengkapnya :
Bentuk conditionalnya : they would have had
good seats Jawaban : B 7. Aziz wish he to Ikranegara’s play i-on the 30of November last yearth A. had gone
4. I always have a lot of work to do in the
evening if the TV serials more often B. wentC. has gone A. I had more time, I can watch D. were going B. I had more time, I could watch
C. I have more time, I could watched Penyelesaian : D. I have more time, I could have watch
E. I have more time, I could watch on the 30th of November last year 3. They did nit have good seats because they came
Penyelesaian :
late I shall be very angry A. if they came early, they would have good seats
B. If they had come early, they would have had pola main clause conditional tipe I
good seats Pola if clause conditional tipe I : if + present tense
C. they would have had good seats if they had not Jawaban : B
come late
D. they would not have good seats if they had come 6. “ I am sorry I don’t know the answer, but I really
E. they would not have good seats if they did not wish I “ come late A. know
B. knew Penyelesaian : C. have known because they came late D. will know
E. had known fakta dalam past maka conditionalnya tipe III
menunjukkan bahwa kalimat ini Penyelesaian : merupakan fakta dari if clause
Bentuk conditional dari kalimat di atas adalah : I am sorry I don’t know the answer
If they had not come late = if they had come early
They did not have good seats Fakta dalam present, maka subjunctivenya tipe present
Jawaban : B
Penyelesaian : keterangan waktu past subjunctive tipe past
I always have a lot of work to do in the
evening 8. “If only his son had studied harder” Jawaban : A
means fakta dalam present maka conditionalnya tipe
II Jawaban : B A. his son did not study harderB. his son had studied harder C. his son has studied harder 5. If you I shall be very angry D. his son will ot study harder
B. don’t go
C. hadn’t not been going Penyelesaian :
D. haven’t been going If only his son h a d s t ud i e d subjunctive tipe past
Jawaban : A medicine
D. although she didn’t visit the doctor, she was
9. Bona : Can you help me to answer this question given the medicine
Tony? E. she didn’t visit the doctor because the doctor had
Tony : I would rather you answered it yourself. already given the medicine
It means that Bona the question
A. answers 2. Had he flown to
Madura, instead of taking the train B. answered
he would have seen the bull race. We may conclude C. has answered that
D. did not answer A. the bull race was cancelled
E. does not answer B. he came in timefor the bull race
C. bull races frightened him Penyelesaian : D. he found the bull race exciting
I would rather you answered it youself E. he was not present at the bull race
subjunctive tipe present 3. For the past few year last decade the rate of crime has been high due ti the increase in the rate of un
fakta dalam present tense employement. Today people wish that today the
Jawaban : E local government first priority to the solution of this problem 10. I can’t do the sums alone, I really need my brother’s A. gives
D. should give help. I wish he here now B. would give E. had given
A. is D. are C. will give B. be E. were
C. was 4. The music next door is very loud . I w i sh s o m e o ne
turned it down. The underlined sentence means
Penyelesaian :
I wish he here now A. I will turn the music down
B. Someone turns the music down keterangan waktu present C. I ask someone to turn the music down
D. I feel annoyed with the music
subjunctive tipe present E. someone asks me to turn the music down
Aplikasi soal 2
5. If Angga had been chosen to play football instead
of going to Puncak with his friends on 1. X : Has she already got the medicine?
bikes, he would not have got that terrible accident. From the above sentence we may conclude the
Y : If she had visited the doctor, she would have been given medicine.
From the dialogue above we know that A. the doctor visited her and gave her medicine
B. she visited the doctor, so she was
now Angga is
A. enjoying the holiday B. hospitalized
C. very tired
D. still at the football field E. In Puncak
6. I wish you to stay at homebecause I’m E. I was upset
because he didn’t explain why he sure you would have enjoyed the concert didn’t come to my party
very much
A. didn’t have 11. A : do you think it was Danu broke Vindi’s bike? B. hadn’t had B : I’m sure he would have told you
C. hadn’t A. If he broke it
D. don’t have B. unless he had broke it
E. haven’t had C. because he had broke it
D. unless he broke it 7. I am sorry I can not go to the airport to see your
E. if he had broke it mother off. I wish I to work overtime tonight
A. wouldn’t have 12. I’m planning to go to a party tonight, but it’s rain- B. haven’t had ing very hard now. I wish
C. won’t have A. it stops D. hadn’t had B. it will
E. don’t have C. it would stop D. it has stopped
8. “ What would you do if you were a millionare?” E. it has stopped “ a trip around the world.”
A. I will be 13. I w i sh s o m e o ne anser w ered m y c a ll . It’s been
B. I would have taken raining for about five minutes. C. I would take The underlined word mean
D. Me took A. someone will answer the phone
E. I took B. someone had answer my call
C. the phone has stopped ringing 9. She went to the black board as i f she k n o w h o w D.
nobody answer the phone t o s o l v e t he pr o b l e m . The underlined words mean E. I would answer my phone
A. she actually couldn’t solve the problem 14. “If I hadn’t booked in advance, I would have had B. she ought to know how to solve the problem difficulties in getting good accommodation at a C. she definitely knew how to solve the problem reasonable price.”
D. she should know how to solve the problem The sentence means
E. she succeeded in solving the problem A. it was to difficult to get a room although I had a
reservation
advance but it wasn’t comfort party, I would not have been so upset,” means able
C. the room I got was good but rather expensive
A. he came to my party,therefore, I was not upset D. I was lucky to get a good room without
B. since he comes to my party, he didn’explain any reservation
thing E. I got a room and I didn’t have to pay much
C. he comes to my party, otherwise, I would have
been very upset 15. My little sister screamed
D. although he comes to my party, I was upset No one hit her
The combined sentence using as
if is 19. A : Why don’t you try to find a job in with tire A. my little sister screamed as if someone money you earn , you can buy things you need
hi her B : I f I w o rked i n a fa
c t o r y . I w o u l dn ’ t ha v e t i m e t o
B. someone screamed as if my little sister s t ud y .
hit him What does the underlined sentencs means ? C. my little sister screamed as if no one hit her A. B works hard in a factory
D. someone screamed as if my little sister hit her B. A allows B to work in a factory
E. my little sister screamed as if someone had C. B didn’t work in afactory hit her D. B worked in a factory
E. B doesn’t work in a factory 16. “Is Andrew still sick?”
“Yes. I wish he here now to spend the 20. Tanto didn’t pass the examination because he holiday with me.” didn’t study his lesson seriously. He if he
. A. will be had wanted the succeed.
B. is A. could have studied hard
C. were B. had suidied hard D. would be C. might studied hard E. have been D. should have studied hard
E. has studied hard 17. “If they had known the flood was
coming, they wouldn’t have stayed in their house” means
21. I am very afraid of meeting my girl’s parents since
A. they know that the flood was coming, therefore they are well known as
stubborn people. But I really they stayed in their house wish they my marriage proposal
B. they decided to stay in their house although the A. will accept flood was coming B.
would have accepted C they couldn’t stay in their house because they C. are going to accept knew that the flood was coming D. were accepting
D. they didn’t know that the flood was coming, E. would accept therefore, they stayed in their house
E. they didn’t want to stay in their house because 22. “ he would have been eaten half of the cake.”
they knew that the flood was coming A. if he is hungry B. were he hungry
18. Dick is not so clever. It’s hard for him to understands C. If only he was hungry Maths. Though studies hard he can’t do the exercise D. had he been hungry he often says to himself. I
w
i sh I unders t oo d m a t h E. If he would be hungry l ess o n be
tt er.
The underlined sentence means that he is sorry he 23. What if your father asks you about the scratch on
his new car?
A. doesn’t know it well I that it’s my fault. B. doesn’t want to know Maths A. simply told him
C. doesn’t like studying Maths B. are simply teliing him D. wishes to understand C. will simply tell him E. understands Maths better D. would simply tell him
E. would simply have told him dengan wish).
Pengandaian ini bermakna : aku ber harap seseorang mengecilkannya. Hal ini mengindi
24. “Do you know that Tanto had withdrawn his kasikan bahwa suara musik itu mengganggu. maka money from the bank just before it liquidated? jawaban yang tepat adalah : I feel annoyed with “Oh, yes, otherwise he a great deal.” the music next door
A. lost
Jawaban : D B. would lose
C. had lost 5. If Angga h a d b e e n c
h o s en to play football instead D. has lost of going to Puncak with his friends on their motor E. would have lost bikes, he w o u l d n o t h a v e go t that terrible accident
(conditional tipe III). Fakta past tense : Angga was
25. I am sure he is not the man in charge of the sales not chosen to play football, so he got that terrible
department. But now, he
accident. Fakta menyatakan bahwa Angga mengala . A. acts as if he is the sales manager mi kecelakaan . Maka
kesimpulan yang tepat bahwa
B. is acting as if he would be the sales manager Angga berada di rumah sakit
C. would have acted as if he had been the sales Jawaban : B man 6. I wish you to stay at homebecause I’m D. would act as if he was the sales manager sure you would have enjoyed the concert
E. acts as if he were the sales manager very much ( fakta dalam past future tense)
Maka kalimat pengandaiannya menggunakan
Kunci jawaban soal aplikasi 2
bentuk pastsubjunctive. Pola kalimatnya dengan wish : wish + S +had + V3 I wish you hadn’t had
1. If she h a d v isited the doctor, she sh e wo u ld Jawaban : B
h
av e b een given medicine (conditional tipe
III). Fakta past tense : she didn’t visit the doctor, 7. I wish I to work overtime tonight (mengguna
so she was not given medicine. kan present subjunctive) : wish + S + V2 I wish
Jawaban : C I wouldn’t have
2. H a d he f l o w n to Madura instead of taking the Jawaban : A
conditional sentence tipe III tanpa if) 8. “ What w o u l d you do if you w e r e a millionare?”
We may conclude
that “_ a trip around the world.” Fakta past tense : He didn’t flow to Madura, so he Pertanyaan dalam bentuk conditional sentence tipe didn’t see the bull race II, maka jawaban juga dalam bentuk tersebut. Jawaban yang palinh sesuai dengan fakta tersebut Jawaban : C
ialah : he was not present at the bull race
Jawaban : E 9. She went to the black board a s i f s h e k n o w h o w
3. peole wis h that today the local
government to ssubjun o l v c t i v e t h e e p r o b l e m . ( ben t uk pa s t first prority to the solution of this problem dengan as if ).
Faktanya dalam bentuk past tense (present subjunctive dengan wish) dab berupa kalimat negative : she doesn’t know Pola lengkapnya : S + wish + (that) + S + V2. how to solve the problem. Jawaban yang meiliki maka jawaban yang sesuai pola adalah : would give makna yang sama dengan fakta tersebut : she
actu-jawaban : B ally couldn’tsolve the problem
4. I wis h someone t u r n ed it down (present subjunctive Jawaban : A
