ARCHITECTURE FINAL PROJECT
The 67thPeriod, Second Semester Of 2014/2015 Academic Year
ARCHITECTURAL THEORY AND PROGRAMMING
GREEN MIX OFFICE TOWER
Design Theme
Green Design Architecture
Core Issue
Controls Thermal Comfort
Thesis in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Architecture Bachelor
Presented By :
Stefanus Viktor Kristandi (11.11.0030)
Supervisor :
Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA NIDN : 0601035401
APPROVAL SHEET
Architecture Final Project
The 67thPeriod, Second Semester of 2014/2015 Academic Year
SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
Project Title : Green Mix Office Tower
Design Theme : Green Design Architecture
Core Issue : Controls Thermal Comfort
Submitted by : Stefanus Viktor Kristandi
Supervisor : Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA
Examiners : Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT
Ir. Supriyono, MT
Dr.Ir.VG. Sri Rejeki, MT
Semarang, April 2015
Approved
Dean
Faculty of Architecture and Design
Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT NIDN : 0611086201
Head
Department of Architecture
APPROVAL SHEET
Architecture Final Project
The 67thPeriod, Second Semester of 2014/2015 Academic Year
SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
Project Title : Green Mix Office Tower
Design Theme : Green Design Architecture
Core Issue : Controls Thermal Comfort
Submitted by : Stefanus Viktor Kristandi
Supervisor : Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA
Examiners : Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT
Ir. Supriyono, MT
Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT
Semarang, April 2015 Approved
Supervisor,
Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA NIDN : 0601035401
Examiner
Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT NIDN : 0627066701
Examiner
Ir. Supriyono, MT NIDN : 0615025701
Examiner
AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT
Thesis submitted by :
Name : Stefanus Viktor Kristandi
ID Number : 11.11.0030
Declare that Architectural Final Project Thesis, Second Semester of 2014/2015 Academic Year, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang
Project Title : Green Mix Office Tower
Design Theme : Green Design Architecture
Core Issue : Controls Thermal Comfort
Supervisor : Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA
NIDN : 0601035401
Is not a plagiarism thesis, If later there is found a plagiarism act in the
making of thesis, so the author ready to receive all the consequences.
Semarang, April 2015
Author
Stefanus Viktor Kristandi
PREFACE
Architecture is growing very fast. Building with a new design and analogy appear in everywhere. Quality of human resources have improved overtime , but does not offset the increase of available land. Nowadays, available land becomes both expensive and limited. In this regard, vertical development becomes a beneficial solution.
The thesis (Architectural Theory and Programming) is titled “Green Mix Office Tower” that discusses the study of the Green Building aspects that applied in high rise building (in case office tower).
Praise to God who has given his grace for the author to finish this thesis in partial of fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Architecture Bachelor.This thesis can completed properly on time, although still need to be repaired.
The Author would like to thanks to Mr. Ir. BPR.Gandhi, MSA as a supervisor that always support for making this thesis, Friends that always sharing information. Also thanks to Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT as a coordinator of Architecture Final Project.
Hopefully this thesis (Architectural Theory and Programming) can provide benefits in architectural scope and social scope and convey about greenship rating tools in high rise building.
Thank you
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET ... i
AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT ... iii
PREFACE ... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS... v
LIST OF FIGURES... x
LIST OF TABLE... xvi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...1
1.1 Background...1
1.1.1 Initial Idea...1
1.1.2 Reason and Motivation...1
1.2 Goals and Objectives ...2
1.2.1 Goals...2
1.2.2 Objectives ...3
1.2.3 Benefits To be Achieceved...3
1.3 Scope...3
1.4 Methods ...4
1.4.1 Data Collection Methods ...4
1.4.2 Analysis Methods ...4
1.4.3 Programming Methods ...5
1.4.4 Architectural Design Methods ...5
CHAPTER 2 PROJECT REVIEWS ...7
2.1 Project Overview ...7
2.1.1 Overview ...7
2.1.2 Background-Developing-Trends... 12
2.1.3 Target to be Achieved ...13
2.2 Specific Reviews Project...13
2.2.1 Terminology ... 13
2.2.2 Green Building ...14
2.2.3 Activities ... 21
2.2.4 Specification and Design Requirements...22
2.2.5 City Context Description (Surabaya) ...23
2.2.6 Similar Project Review ...26
2.2.7 Design Problem...34
2.3 Conclusions, Restrictions and Assumptions ...35
2.3.1 Conclusions... 35
2.3.2 Limitation... 35
2.3.3 Assumptions... 35
CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS OF THE ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM ... 36
3.1 Analysis of Architectural Approaches... 36
3.1.1 PT.Sido Muncul ...36
3.1.2 Green Building ...38
3.1.3 Activities Study ...64
3.1.5 Specific Room Study ...78
3.1.6 Room Summary ...87
3.2 Analysis of Building Systems Approach ...88
3.2.1 Structure System and Enclosure ... 88
3.2.2 Utility System ...93
3.2.2.1 Clean Water System...93
3.2.2.2 Waste Water System...95
3.2.2.3 Transportation System ... 96
3.2.2.4 Fire Extenguisher System ... 98
3.2.2.5 Security System ...99
3.2.2.6 Thermal System (AC and Ventilation) ...100
3.2.2.7 Electrical System ...102
3.2.2.8 Telecommunication System ...102
3.2.2.9 Lightning Rod ...103
3.2.3 Technology... 104
3.3 Analysis of Environmental Context Approach ...106
3.3.1 Location Choice...106
3.3.2 Site Selection ...108
CHAPTER 4 ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM ... 113
4.1 The Concept of The Program...113
4.2 Design Goals, Design Determinant Factor, Design Requirements Factor 114 4.2.1 Design Goals...114
4.2.3 Design Requirements...114
4.3 Architecture Program ...117
4.3.1 Program for Activities ...117
4.3.2 Program for Structures Systems ... 118
4.3.3 Program for Utility Systems ... 120
4.3.3.1 Clean Water System... 120
4.3.3.2 Waste Water System... 121
4.3.3.3 Transportation System ... 121
4.3.3.4 Fire Extenguisher System ...122
4.3.3.5 Security System ...122
4.3.3.6 Thermal System (AC and Ventilation) ...122
4.3.3.7 Electricity System ...124
4.3.3.8 Telecommunication System ...125
4.3.3.9 Lightning Rod ...125
4.3.4 Program for Technology...125
4.3.5 Program for Location and Site... 127
CHAPTER 5 STUDY OF THEORY... 132
5.1 Study of Design Accentuation ...132
5.1.1 Green Building Design ...132
5.1.2 Precedent Study...135
5.1.3 Possibility of Design Implementation...136
5.2 Study of Core Issue ...137
5.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages ...138
5.2.1.2 Possibility Materials ...141
5.2.1.3 The correlation between angle and Sun radiation with Double Façade...142
5.2.1.4 Analysis of Thermal transmission and Solar Heat Gain of Double Façade System ...143
5.2.2 Precedent Study...150
5.2.3 Possibility of Implementation ... 151
BIBLIOGRAPHY... 152
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Corridor Plan ...8
Figure 2. Open Corridor Plan ...8
Figure 3.Tower Plan ...9
Figure 4.Cross Plan...9
Figure 5. Greenship Score ...11
Figure 6. Economic Growing ...24
Figure 7. Surabaya Map ...24
Figure 8. Surabaya Map with Trade and service location...26
Figure 9. The Mansion Tower...27
Figure 10. PU Building ...28
Figure 11. PU Building Concept ...28
Figure 12. Suara Merdeka Tower...29
Figure 13. Electrical system ...30
Figure 14. Electrical Environment...30
Figure 15. Generator ... 31
Figure 16. Pump Room ...31
Figure 17. Sewage Room...32
Figure 18. Lift Room ... 33
Figure 19. Outdoor AC-condensor ...33
Figure 20. Maintenance condenser ...33
Figure 21. Fire fighting system ...34
Figure 22. Organization Structure ...37
Figure 24. Bungur Tree ...40
Figure 25. Bamboo... 40
Figure 26. Nusa Indah Tree...41
Figure 27. Site condition...41
Figure 28. Site Condition1 ...42
Figure 29. Site condition 2...43
Figure 30. Main Entrance for accessibility ... 43
Figure 31. Site Shuttle Bus Planning ... 44
Figure 32. Site Pedestrian Planning ...44
Figure 33. Pedestrian walkways ...44
Figure 34. Bike Shower ...45
Figure 35. Electrical Metering...46
Figure 36. Lux censor planning ...48
Figure 37. Water Metering Planning...50
Figure 38. Rain Water Harvesting ...52
Figure 39. Fire extinguisher...53
Figure 40. Non ODS Refrigerant ...53
Figure 41. Wood Implementation ...54
Figure 42. Example of Prefab Material ... 55
Figure 43. CO2 censor planning...57
Figure 44. Car stopper and Railing...63
Figure 45. User Activity Patterns ...69
Figure 46. Tenant-Meeting room ...80
Figure 48. Board Room ...80
Figure 49. Files Room ...83
Figure 50. Workstation with Computer ... 83
Figure 51. Dining Table ...83
Figure 52. Fitness Area ...83
Figure 53. Dining Table with person...83
Figure 54. Caisson Foundation ...88
Figure 55. Pile System ...89
Figure 56. Parallel Bearing Walls ...90
Figure 57. Core and Facade Bearing Walls...90
Figure 58. Self Supporting Boxes...91
Figure 59. Cantilever Slab ...91
Figure 60. Rigid Frame and Core ...91
Figure 61. Green Roof Components ... 93
Figure 62. Grey Water System ...95
Figure 63. Rain Water System ...95
Figure 64. Solid Waste System ...95
Figure 65. Stairs ... 96
Figure 66. Fire Extenguisher System ... 98
Figure 67. CCTV system ...99
Figure 68. Access Card ...100
Figure 69. FCU system ...101
Figure 70. Electrical System...102
Figure 72. ROD ... 103
Figure 73.Conductor Cables...103
Figure 74.Ground Rod...103
Figure 75. Laminated Glass System ... 104
Figure 76. Smart Energy System ...104
Figure 77. Diagram of Intelligent Lighting System ...105
Figure 78. Sun Shading System ...105
Figure 79. West Surabaya Map...107
Figure 80. South Surabaya Map...107
Figure 81. Alternative 1 Site ...109
Figure 82. Panorama View Site Alt.1... 109
Figure 83. Alternative 2 Site ...110
Figure 84. Site Condition ...110
Figure 85. Spazio Site ...111
Figure 86. Activity Program ...117
Figure 87. Green Roof Segments...119
Figure 88. Electrical System...124
Figure 89. Telecommunication system ... 125
Figure 90. Lightning Rod ...125
Figure 91. Heat Loss of double glazing ... 126
Figure 92. Sun Shading...127
Figure 93. Gandaria Tree ...128
Figure 94. Bungur Tree ...128
Figure 96. Nusa Indah Tree...129
Figure 97. Grass block ...129
Figure 98. Pedestrian ...129
Figure 99. Paver... 130
Figure 100. Biopori ... 130
Figure 101. Gutter ... 130
Figure 102. Choosen Site...131
Figure 103. Percentage of the advantages double façade ... 139
Figure 104. Percentage of Disadvantages Double Façade ... 140
Figure 105. Material Properties ...142
Figure 106. Sun-Path Diagram...142
Figure 107. Differences between Single Skin and Double Skin...143
Figure 108. Solar Heat Gain at June, 30th (North orientation) ...144
Figure 109. Thermal Transmission at June 30th (North orientation) ...144
Figure 110. Thermal Transmission (June 30th, 12:00AM) ... 145
Figure 111. Solar Heat Gain (September 22nd) west orientation ...145
Figure 112. Thermal Transmission (September 22nd) west orientation ...146
Figure 113. Thermal Transmission-Double Facade (September 22nd, 14:00 PM)...146
Figure 114. Solar Heat Gain (December 30th) South orientation ...147
Figure 115. Thermal Transmission (December 30th) South orientation ...147
Figure 116. Thermal Transmission - Double Facade (Dec, 30th) South orientation...148
Figure 118. Thermal Transmission (March, 23rd) East orientation...149
Figure 119. Thermal Transmission - Double Facade (March,23rd) East
orientation...149
Figure 120. Double Facade View ...150
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1. Water Calculation ...51
Table 2. Main User Activities ...65
Table 3. Office Management User Activities...67
Table 4. Service User Activities...68
Table 5. Leisure Activities ...68
Table 6. Score Structure Criteria ...92
Table 7. Surabaya Region and District ... 106
Table 8. Score Location Criteria ...108
Table 9. Score Site Criteria ...112
Table 10. FCU equivalent...123
