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EMULSI 2. Tim Dosen Teknologi Sediaan Farmasi 1 (Semi Solid)

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(1)

EMULSI

2

Tim Dosen

Teknologi Sediaan Farmasi 1

(Semi Solid)

(2)

4.

Flocculation

dua atau lebih droplet

saling menempel tanpa

kehilangan identitas

Fase dalam tetap sebagai

fase dalam, Fase luar

tetap sebagai fase luar

Bersifat reversible

Piacentini, 2016

(3)

5.

Sedimentasi

Terpisahnya emulsi menjadi 2

bagian

akibat perbedaan konsentrasi

bobot jenis fase dalam dan

gravitasi

Bersifat reversible

KETIDAKSTABILAN EMULSI

Creaming

(4)

6. Ostwald Ripening

droplet bertabrakan dengan yang lain dan

membentuk droplet yang lebih besar dan yang

lebih kecil

Droplet berukuran kecil cenderung menjadi

makin kecil

Irreversible

(5)
(6)

EMULSI

Jenis Emulsi Secara umum

:

1) Emulsi Losion

2) Linimen

3) Krem

4) Ointments

5) Vitamin drops

(7)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com www.free-power-point-templates.com

FORMULASI EMULSI

1. Preformulasi

2. Tipe emulsi

3. Emulgator

4. Eksipien

5. Proses pengerjaan

6. IPC (In Process Control)

7. Evaluasi

(8)

PREFORMULASI

Fase minyak :

minyak, lemak, minyak menguap, zat

larut lemak (vitamin, zat nutrisi),

antioksidan

Fase air :

bahan obat larut air, pengawet

(kadar,kelarutan) eksipien lain (warna,

rasa)

(9)

PREPARASI EMULSI

 METODE PREPARASI

 KOMPONEN PENYUSUN

 PERALATAN

 JUMLAH/VOLUME PRODUKSI

 SKALA LAB  METODE KERING (MORTIR

PORSELIN/HAND HOMOGENIZER

 SKALA BESAR  LARGE HOMOGENIZER, HIGH SPEED

(10)

METODE

PREPARASI

(1) Continental or Dry

Gum Method

(4:2:1 Method)

(2) English or Wet

Gum Method

[Ansel. page 409]

 4 parts (volumes) of oil

 2 parts of water

 1 part of gum

Continental or Dry Gum

Method

English or Wet Gum

Method

Emulgator (akasia) +

minyak

Emulgator + Air 

MUCILAGO

EMULSI AWAL

Mortir kasar cenderung lebih dipilih

Memudahkan penggilingan

Pengurangan ukuran globul

EMULSI AWAL

Eksipien lain yang tidak larut/tidak bercampur

ditambahkan ke dalam fase luar (setelah emulsi

awal terbentuk)

Bahan padat (Pengawet, penstabil, dll) dilarutkan

dalam sejumlah air secukupnya  ditambahkan

dalam bentuk larutan

+ Minyak

(sds)

+ Air

(sds)

Lebih stabil

Pembuatan Lebih lama kurang stabil

(11)

METODE

PREPARASI

(3) Bottle or Forbes

Bottle Method

 2/4 parts (volumes)

of oil

 2 parts of water

 1 part of gum

Minyak menguap/ bahan berminyak dengan viskositas

rendah

Tidak bisa untuk minyak DENGAN viskositas tinggi

Emulsifikasi spontan

Dilakukann langsung dalam botol

Prinsip = dry gum method

Dapat diterapkan pada pembuatan emulsi tanpa

emulsifier (in situ)

Prinsip  salah satu bahan dapat berfungsi sebagai

emulgator

Contoh : olive oil + lime water emulsion

Emulgator (akasia) +

minyak

EMULSI AWAL

+ Air

(Semua sekaligus)

diencerkan sampai volume yang sesuai

dengan air atau cairan lainnya

(12)

METODE PREPARASI LAIN

Auxiliary Methods

Electric mixer or blender

Hand homogenizer

The dispersed droplet size

to about 5 microns or less

Beaker Method

synthetic or non-gum

emulsifiers

All oil soluble components are

dissolved in the oily phase in

one beaker

all water soluble components

are dissolved in the water in a

separate beaker

Oleaginous components are

melted and both phases are

heated to approximately 70°C

over a water bath

The internal phase is then

added to the external phase

with stirring until the product

reaches room

(13)

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a. Distribusi ukuran tetesan

-

Makin besar ukuran globul, dorongan tjdnya

koalesen makin besar

-

Ukuran tetesan lebih halus, meningkatkan

stabilitas, dan absorbsi

-

Distribusi dipengaruhi karakteristik

emulgator, manufacturing

SIFAT-SIFAT EMULSI

dipengaruhi oleh

(14)

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b. Emulsi a/m lebih kental dari emulsi m/a

-

konsistensi emulsi m/a meningkat dengan

penambahan gom dan pengental lain

-

sifat alir plastik/pseudoplastik

c. Teknik emulsifikasi

-

aplikasi energi mekanik yang dihasilkan

dengan bermacam teknik agitasi

-

Peralatan : mixer (manual/mekanik)

-

emulgator

SIFAT-SIFAT EMULSI

dipengaruhi oleh

(15)

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Oksidasi; tengik

Hidrolisis; depolimerisasi

Mikroba; penguraian

Efek kimia yg timbul akibat interaksi bahan

aktif-eksipien-eksipien; merubah formulasi

KETIDAKSTABILAN KIMIA

(16)

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STABILITAS EMULSI

• Stabilisasi secara elektrostatik

– Muatan pd permukaan tetesan emulsi, meningkat

akibat ionisasi bag hidrofilik surfaktan yg diadsorbsi

dan menghasilkan lapisan ganda elektrik

– Tabrakan antar tetesan akibat gerak Brown, gravitasi,

dan

• Stabilisasi sterik

– Stabilisasi polimer

• Stabilisasi oleh partikel padat

– Partikel padat halus dpt menstabilkan emulsi jk dibasahi pd

kedua

fase, membtk lap. antar muka; barier mencegah koalesen

(17)

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• Stabilisasi dgn campuran pengemulsi

– Penggunaan emulgator campuran; emulsi lbh stabil secara fisik

– Emulgator ; surfaktan non inonik dgn HLB tinggi dan rendah

• Kompleksasi antar muka

– Emulsa encer m/a dgn campuran lemak-surfaktan ionik,

stabilitas lbh besar; menghasilkan pembentukan komplek

molekuler antarmuka tetesan minyak-air

– Lapisan menghasilkan halangan mekanik dan elektrik 

menyebabkan koalesen

– Peningkatan stabilitas thd koalesen terkait peningkatan

viskositas antarmuka, elastisitas, tipe rheologi

(18)

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• Pertimbangan rheologi

– Mengurangi mobilitas partikel/globul minyak

dlm fase

kontiniu

air;

memperlambat

creaming,

flokulasi, koalesen

– Sifat rheologi penting dlm proses stabilisasi

emulsi krn

dpt menghalangi mobilitas partikel&dpt

diadsorpsi serta menghalangi tumbukan

sterik/mekanik

• Oswalt ripening

(19)

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Evaluasi stabilitas emulsi

Emulsi Encer

pemisahan fase

analisa ukuan globul,

muatan partikel/potensial zeta

Penentuan sifat alir

Emulsi multi fase

peningkatan konsistensi

(20)

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1. Pengenceran fase

2. Tes zat warna

3. Kertas saring / CoCl

2

4. Fluorescensi

5. Konduktivitas

EVALUASI TIPE

EMULSI

(21)

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• Meramalkan tipe emulsi :

1) jenis emulgator;- larut dalam air (M/A)

- larut dlm minyak (A/M)

- HLB (8-16 → M/A), 3-8 → A/M

2) proporsi masing-masing fase

- fase lebih banyak cenderung mjd fase luar (M/A)

- A/M lebih mudah mengalami inversi fase

cont.

- air-mineral oil- sorbiton monooleat (air<40% mjd A/M)

- kadar air 20-30% terbtk emulsa A/M jika fs air di(+)kan dlm

fs minyak

- campuran 2 fase jk dicampur cenderung M/A (air>10%)

3) Viskositas

Viskositas fase yang lebih tinggi, cenderung mjd fase luar

EVALUASI TIPE

EMULSI

(22)

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Tes

Observasi

Keterangan

1.

Pengenceran

2.

Zat warna

3.

Fluoresecensi

4.

CoCl

2

/kertas sar

ing

5.

Konduktivitas

Encerkan dgn fase luar

Larut air, memberi warna pd

emulsa M/A dan sebaliknya

(mikroskop)

M = terfluors. dgn UV

M/A = totol

A/M = menyeluruh

Kert.saring jenuh CoCl

2,

keringkan → biru (A/M)

pink (M/A)

M/A → aliran listrik (+)

dan sebaliknya

Hanya utk emulsi cair

Terganggu bila emulg.

Ionik

Tdk selalu berhasil (unt.

M yg tdk berfluoresensi)

Bila emulsa tdk stabil; el

ektrolit →breaking→

gagal

Terganggu bila emulg

ator non ionik dan seb

aliknya

EVALUASI TIPE

EMULSI

(23)

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EMULSI

Emulsion Type and Means of Detection:

1) Dilution Test:

- o/w emulsion can be diluted with water.

- w/o emulsion can be diluted with oil.

2) Conductivity Test:

Continuous phase water > Continous phase

oil

(24)

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EMULSIONS

3) Dye-Solubility Test:

- water soluble dye will dissolve in the

aqueous phase.

- oil soluble dye will dissolve in the oil

phase.

(25)

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EVALUASI LAIN

• ESTETIKA

• PENETAPAN KADAR

• SIFAT ALIR

• BOBOT JENIS

• UKURAN PARTIKEL

(26)

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Relation between absorption and

drug distribution in an O/W emulsion

(27)

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Schematic of the relationship between absorption and drug distribution in

an o/w emulsion.

O, M, F : drug in oil droplets, micelles and aqueous phase

two-headed arrows : competition between states

(28)

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Two-stage method of formulation

of a W/O/W multiple emulsion

(29)

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Stability of

multiple emulsion

Breakdown processes that may

occur in multiple emulsions.

(w/o/w)

a : coalescence of multiple

drops with other oil drops

b, c, d, e : explusion of

single internal droplets

f, g : explusion of more

than one internal droplet

h, j : coalescence of

internal droplets before

being expelled (i, k)

l, m, n : shrinkage of

internal droplets due to

diffusion of water

(30)

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Possible interactions A, B,

and C between phases

in multiple emulsions.

(S: surfactant film )

(31)

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Schematic phase diagram showing microemulsion region in

equilibrium with excess oil and water phases.

(32)

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Schematic phase diagram showing equilibrium between water-in-oil

micelles and excess aqueous and cosurfactant phases

(33)

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Association

structures of

amphiphiles such

as surfactants and

lipids in water.

(34)

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(a) Double-chain and single-chain amphiles.

(35)

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FORMULA

R/ Menthol

0.04 gram

Stearic acid

2.4 gram

Cetyl alcohol 1.2 gram

Woolfat

0.8 gram

Liq. Petrolatum

4.0 ml

Triaethanolamin 1.2 ml

Aqua dest

32 ml

(36)

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R/

Hydrous wool fat

20.0 gram

Stearic acid

2.0 gram

Light liquid petrolatum10.0 ml

Triaethanolamin

0.8 ml

Rose Water qs ad

100.0 ml

(37)

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R/

Cetyl alkohol

5%

Arlacel 165

5%

Sorbitol solution 5%

Water

85%

R/

Castor oil

42,0 ml

Span 80

6.3 ml

Tween 80 (0,67% sol) 38.7 ml

Referensi

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