DEVELOPING A MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING SYSTEM FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
By Tommy Renaldo
1-1112-069
BACHELOR’S DEGREE in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING – MECHATRONICS CONCENTRATION FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY EduTown BSD City
Tangerang 15339 Indonesia
August 2016
Revision after the Thesis Defense on 27 July 2016
Tommy Renaldo I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.
Tommy Renaldo
____________________________________________
Student Date
Approved by:
Ir. Arko Djajadi, M.Sc., Ph.D.
____________________________________________
Thesis Advisor Date
Dr. Ir. Gembong Baskoro, M.Sc.
____________________________________________
Dean Date
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Tommy Renaldo ABSTRACT
DEVELOPING A MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING SYSTEM FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
By Tommy Renaldo
Ir. Arko Djajadi, M.Sc., Ph.D., Advisor
SWISS GERMAN UNIVERISTY
Renewable energy is an important source of power that keeps on developing further.
However, its knowledge is scarce especially in Indonesia. This thesis is created for the purpose of explaining the method regarding the development of a device called ReVoLPoM which stands for Renewable Energy Voltage, Load, and Power Control and Monitoring for renewable energy system. It is capable of tracking the maximum power generated and is called the MPPT function. The discussions consist mostly of the parts, modules, components, the algorithm implemented on ReVoLPoM. Display utilities, data transmission via Wi-Fi connection is implemented to help improve the performance and to aid the user to better understand the system and acquiring essential information from ReVoLPoM. It improves the input power source conversion and transparent in regards to data information for better study in the future.
Keywords: renewable energy, charge controller, maximum power point tracking system, MPPT device
Tommy Renaldo
© Copyright 2016 by Tommy Renaldo
All rights reserved
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Tommy Renaldo DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis for God, family, my friends, and the future of the country I loved: Indonesia
Tommy Renaldo ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, I thank God for all His blessings and guidance as the greatest support in finishing this thesis.
Secondly, I thank Ir. Arko Djajadi, M.Sc., Ph.D. as my advisor, whose support throughout this thesis is unending.
Thank you for the support that is given to me by Erikson S. Sinaga, S.T., M.Kom. by lending me guidance and measurement tools to be used during this thesis.
I wish to thank Ahmad Bagus Maskula, S.T. and Yohannes Fredy S. for their support in the area of mechanical layout, electrical components, and circuit board printing.
I thank my family that help me to go through this process of finishing my thesis.
I also would like to thank one person who always believe and support me through hardships, whose existence pushes me through this process of working with my thesis, Livia.
Last but not least, I would thank my friends who stay, share, and support me throughout the process of creating this thesis. Especially Sandy Kurniawan Boentoro who gives me enormous advices and helps in all areas in my thesis, Edwin Logito who also supports me in his own way, and Fernando Yoserizal Merzaviorentino who gives me advices in the area of electronic components and microcontroller.
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Tommy Renaldo TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR ... 2
ABSTRACT ... 3
DEDICATION ... 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... 7
LIST OF FIGURES ... 11
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ... 15
1.1 Background ... 15
1.2 Research Purpose ... 16
1.3 Research Problem ... 16
1.4 Work Scope ... 17
1.5 Work Limitation ... 17
1.6 Short Methodology ... 17
1.7 Thesis Organization ... 18
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW ... 19
2.1 Wind Energy System ... 19
2.1.1 Wind Energy Conversion ... 20
2.1.2 Wind Turbine Characteristics ... 23
2.2 Photovoltaic Module ... 24
2.3 Theoretical Perspective... 24
2.3.1 Electric Power Converter ... 24
2.3.2 Battery ... 25
2.3.2.1 Battery Type ... 26
2.3.2.2 Battery State ... 26
2.3.3 Sensors ... 27
2.3.3.1 Voltage Sensors ... 27
2.3.3.2 Current Sensors ... 28
2.3.4 Embedded System ... 29
2.4 Similar Works ... 30
2.4.1 Simple Charge Controller ... 30
Tommy Renaldo
2.4.2 Pulse Width Modulation Charge Controller ... 32
2.5 Previous Studies ... 33
2.5.1 Maximum Power Point Tracking System for Solar PV Module ... 33
CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODS ... 34
3.1 Methodology Overview ... 34
3.2 System Design Overview ... 35
3.3 Input Power ... 36
3.3.1 Wall Plugged Power Supply Unit as Simulated DC Source ... 36
3.3.2 Wind Turbine as Renewable Source of Input Power... 37
3.4 Electrical Design... 41
3.4.1 Main Board ... 42
3.4.1.1 Sensors ... 42
3.4.1.1.1 Current Sensor ... 42
3.4.1.1.2 Voltage Sensor ... 48
3.4.1.2 Buck Converter ... 50
3.4.1.3 Power Switching ... 57
3.4.1.4 Dump Load and Battery Switching Control ... 61
3.4.1.5 DC Load ... 66
3.4.2 Utilities ... 67
3.4.2.1 LCD Display and Monitoring ... 67
3.4.2.2 Wi-Fi Data Logging ... 69
3.4.3 Microcontroller ... 72
3.4.4 Battery ... 74
3.5 Programming ... 75
3.5.1 MPPT Program ... 75
3.5.2 Battery Charging Algorithm ... 76
3.5.3 LCD Display Configuration ... 78
3.5.4 Wi-Fi Module Configuration ... 79
3.6 Mechanical Design ... 82
3.6.1 Printed Circuit Board Trace Consideration ... 82
3.6.2 Enclosure ... 84
3.6.3 Terminals ... 85
3.7 Testing Plan ... 85
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Tommy Renaldo
3.7.1 Voltage Sensors and Current Sensors Testing ... 86
3.7.2 MOSFET and Gate Driver Switching Behavior Testing ... 86
3.7.3 Microcontroller 100kHz Pulse Generation Capability Testing ... 87
3.7.4 Dump Load and Battery Switching Functionality Testing ... 87
3.7.5 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module Testing ... 88
3.7.6 Testing Power Supply Unit Maximum Power Capability ... 89
3.7.7 Testing ReVoLPoM Functionality with Power Supply Unit ... 89
3.7.8 Testing ReVoLPoM Functionality with Solar Panel ... 89
3.7.9 Testing ReVoLPoM Functionality with Wind Turbine ... 90
CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 91
4.1 Experiment Introduction ... 91
4.2 Result of Electrical Design ... 91
4.2.1 Printed Circuit Board Result ... 91
4.2.2 Subsystems Installation ... 94
4.3 Programming Result ... 95
4.3.1 MPPT and Battery Charge State Algorithm Response ... 95
4.3.2 Wi-Fi Connection Result ... 98
4.4 Mechanical Result ... 98
4.5 Test Result ... 99
4.5.1 Voltage and Current Sensors Testing Result ... 99
4.5.2 Result of Gate Driver and MOSFET Switching Behavior Test ... 105
4.5.3 Microcontroller 100kHz Pulse Generation Capability Result ... 107
4.5.4 Dump Load and Battery Switching Functionality Result ... 108
4.5.5 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module Result ... 108
4.5.6 Power Supply Unit Test Result ... 110
4.5.7 Testing ReVoLPoM with Power Supply Unit Result ... 110
4.5.8 Testing ReVoLPoM with Solar Panel Result ... 112
4.5.9 Testing ReVoLPoM with Wind Turbine Result ... 115
CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 119
5.1 Conclusions ... 119
5.2 Recommendations ... 120
GLOSSARY ... 121
REFERENCES ... 122
APPENDIX A – TECHNICAL DRAWINGS ... 124
A.1 Bottom Side ... 124
Tommy Renaldo
A.4 Back Side ... 127
A.5 Left and Right Side ... 128
APPENDIX B – SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ... 129
B.1 Main Board Diagram ... 129
B.2 ESP8266 Module Board ... 130
B.3 Regulator Board ... 130
B.4 Pin Terminal ... 131
B.5 Power Line Terminal ... 131
APPENDIX C – DATASHEET ... 132
C.1 Arduino UNO ... 132
C.2 IR2104 Half-Bridge Driver ... 137
C.3 N-Channel MOSFET IRF540N ... 141
C.4 ACS712 Current Sensor ... 143
C.5 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module ... 147
C.6 Logic Level Converter ... 150
C.7 LM2596 Small Step-Down Converter ... 154
APPENDIX D – ARDUINO CODE ... 159
D.1 Variable Header ... 159
D.2 Main Program ... 165
APPENDIX E – BILL OF MATERIAL ... 182
CURRICULUM VITAE ... 183
