Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengendalian Pressure Pada Produksi Brown s Gas Menggunakan Generator HHO Tipe Dry Cell

TUGAS AKHIR TF 145565

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengendalian Pressure

Pada Produksi Brown’s Gas Menggunakan

Generator HHO Tipe Dry Cell

VIVI NORMALIA HANANIA NRP 10511500000065

Dosen Pembimbing

Arief Abdurrakhman, S.T., M.T. NIP. 19870712 201404 1 002

Dwi Oktavianto Wahyu Nugroho, S.T., M.T. NIP. 1983201711054

PROGRAM STUDI DIII TEKNOLOGI INSTRUMENTASI DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK INSTRUMENTASI

FAKULTAS VOKASI

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER SURABAYA

TUGAS AKHIR TF 145565

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengendalian Pressure

Pada Produksi Brown’s Gas Menggunakan

Generator HHO Tipe Dry Cell

VIVI NORMALIA HANANIA NRP 10511500000065 Dosen Pembimbing

Arief Abdurrakhman, S.T., MT. NIP. 19870712 201404 1 002

Dwi Oktavianto Wahyu Nugroho,S.T., M.T. NIP. 1983201711054

PROGRAM STUDI DIII TEKNOLOGI INSTRUMENTASI DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK INSTRUMENTASI

FAKULTAS VOKASI

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER SURABAYA

2018

FINAL PROJECT TF 145565

Design

System

Control

Pressure

In

Production Brown's Gas Using HHO

Generator Dry Type Cell

VIVI NORMALIA HANANIA NRP 10511500000065 Dosen Pembimbing

Arief Abdurrakhman, S.T., M.T. NIP. 19870712 201404 1 002

Dwi Oktavianto Wahyu Nugroho,S.T., M.T. NIP. 1983201711054

STUDY PROGRAM OF DIII INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGI DEPARTMENT OF

INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING FACULTY OF VOCATION

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER

SURABAYA 2018

v

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengendalian Pressure Pada Produksi Brown’s Gas Menggunakan Generator Hho Tipe

Dry Cell

Nama : Vivi Normalia Hanania

NRP : 10511500000065

Jurusan : DIII Teknologi Instrumentasi

Departemen Teknik Instrumentasi FV-ITS

Dosen Pembimbing 1 : Arief Abdurrakhman, S.T., M.T. Dosen Pembimbing 2 : Dwi Oktavianto Wahyu N., S.T., M.T.

Abstrak

Indonesia mengalami krisis energi dan tidak seimbangnya antara jumlah permintaan energi fossil fuel dengan persediaan yang ada, sehingga dapat berdampak pada kelangkaan bahan bakar ataupun melonjaknya harga minyak bumi. Salah satu upaya dalam efisiensi penggunaan energi dengan menambahkan sistem Brown’s Gas (HHO) pada kendaraan bermotor yang terbentuk hasil proses hidrolisa pada tabung produksi dapat menghasilkan tekanan yang berlebih yang dapat meledak serta membahayakan. Sehingga pengukuran diperlukan dalam pemantauan dan pengendalian suatu proses. Sensor MPX5700AP yang digunakan termasuk sangat baik karena hanya memiliki error pembacaan sebesar 1,87% dengan akurasi sebesar 98,12%. Waktu yang digunakan untuk mencapai setpoint sebesar 5,8 Psi yaitu 108 menit. Respon sistem memiliki rise time 106 menit, peak time 106 menit, settling time pada 5,7 Psi dan 5,9 Psi, dan didapat overshoot maximum pada 1,7%. Sensor MPX5700AP bekerja pada setpoint 5,8 Psi, sehingga ketika pressure telah mencapai setpoint maka solenoid valve membuka sebagai pengalir pressure yang berlebih keluar ke udara.

Kata kunci : Brown’s Gas (HHO), pengendalian pressure, sensor MPX 5700AP, mikrokontroller ATMega 32.

vi

Design System Control Pressure In Production Brown's Gas Using Hho Generator Dry Type Cell

Name : Vivi Normalia Hanania

NRP : 10511500000065

Departement : DIII Teknik Instrumentasi

Advisor Lecturer 1 : Arief Abdurrakhman, S.T., M.T.

Advisor Lecturer 2 : Dwi Oktavianto Wahyu N., S.T., M.T.

Abstract

Indonesia is experiencing an energy crisis and not the share between the amount of fossil fuel energy demand with existing inventories, so that it can have an impact on fuel shortages or skyrocketing petroleum prices. One of the attempts in the efficiency of energy use by adding a system of Brown's Gas (HHO) on motor vehicles, formed hidrolisa process results in the production of tubes can produce excess pressure can burst and harm. So the measurements required in monitoring and controlling a process. MPX5700AP sensors used include very good because it only has a reading error of 1.87% with accuracy of 98.12%. The time used to reach the setpoint of 5.8 Psi i.e. 108 minutes. System response has a rise time 106 minutes, peak time 106 minutes, settling time at 5.7 5.9 Psi and Psi, and obtained the maximum overshoot at 1.7%. Sensor MPX5700AP work on setpoint 5.8 Psi, so that when the pressure has reached the setpoint then solenoid valve opens as pengalir the excess pressure out into the air.

Key words: Brown's Gas (HHO), automation pressure, MPX 5700AP sensor, mikrokontroller ATMega 32.

vii

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb. Bismillahirrahmanirrahiim,

Puji syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Allah Subhanahuwata’ala atas limpahan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga tugas akhir

dengan judul “RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM

PENGENDALIAN PRESSURE PADA PRODUKSI

BROWN’S GAS MENGGUNAKAN GENERATOR HHO TIPE DRY CELL” dapat terlaksana sampai akhirnya laporan

tugas akhir ini dapat penulis susun hingga selesai. Pada kesempatan ini penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada berbagai pihak, diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Orang tua yang telah memberikan segala dukungan baik moral maupun materil,

2. Bapak Dr. Ir. Purwadi Agus Darwito, M.Sc selaku Kepala Departmen DIII Teknik Instrumentasi ITS,

3. Bapak Arief Abdurrakhman S.T., M.T. selaku dosen pembimbing 1 yang telah meluangkan waktu, arahan dan saran yang membantu selama proses pengerjaan tugas akhir,

4. Bapak Dr.rer.nat.Ir. Aulia Muhammad Taufik Nasution, M.Sc. selaku dosen wali penulis yang telah memberikan semangat dan motivasi kepada kami,

5. Bapak Dwi Oktavianto Wahyu Nugroho, S.T., M.T. selaku dosen pembimbing 2 yang telah meluangkan waktu, arahan dan saran yang membantu selama proses pengerjaan tugas akhir 6. Terimakasih kepada mas dan mbak yang telah mendukung,

memberikan motivasi selama ini,

7. Terimakasih kepada tim Brown’s Gas (Dimaswari Egi A, Aditya Catur P dan Alkhabib Luthfi E) yang bersama-sama berjuang dalam pengerjaan tugas akhir ini,

viii

8. Teman-teman F50.3 yang selalu senantiasa memberikan semangat dan semua pihak yang telah membantu terselesaikannya Tugas Akhir ini,

9. Serta semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu.

Penulis menyadari bahwa kesempurnaan hanya milik Allah SWT. Oleh sebab itu, penulis sangat berterimakasih atas segala masukan, kritik dan saran yang membangun dari pembaca agar laporan ini menjadi lebih baik untuk di kemudian hari. Demikian laporan ini penulis buat, semoga laporan ini dapat memberikan manfaat selain bagi penulis sendiri, dan bagi pembaca sekalian.

Surabaya, 17 Juli 2018 Penulis

Vivi Normalia Hanania NRP. 10 51 15 000 00 065

ix

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN I ... iii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN II ... iv

ABSTRAK ... v

ABSTRACT ... vi

KATA PENGANTAR ... vii

DAFTAR ISI ... ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ... xi

DAFTAR TABEL ... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ... 2 1.3 Batasan Masalah ... 2 1.4 Tujuan ... 2 1.5 Manfaat ... 3

BAB II DASAR TEORI 2.1 Brown’s Gas (Hidrogen Hidrogen Oksida : HHO) ... 5

2.2 Elektrolisis ... 6

2.3 Generator HHO ... 9

2.4 Netral Plat Generator HHO ... 11

2.5 Sistem Pengendalian ... 12

2.6 Sistem Pengendalian Close-Open Loop ... 13

2.7 Sistem Pengendalian On-Off ... 14

2.8 Sensor MPX 5700AP ... 15

2.9 Solenoid Valve ... 15

2.10 Mikrokontroler AVR ATMEGA32 ... 16

2.11 LCD 20X4 ... 20

x

2.13 Teori Ketidakpastian ... 22

BAB III PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN ALAT 3.1 Bahan dan Peralatan yang digunakan ... 25

3.2 Sensor MPX 5700AP ... 25

3.3 Solenoid Valve ... 26

3.4 Relay ... 26

3.5 Mikrokontroler AVR ATMEGA32 ... 27

3.6 Prosedur Penelitian ... 28

3.7 Flowchat ... 28

3.8 Perancangan system ... 29

3.9 Perancangan Hardware ... 29

3.10 Perancangan Software ... 31

3.11 Integrasi Hardware dan Controller ... 31

3.12 Pengujian Sistem Pengukuran dan Sistem Pengendalian ... 32

3.13 Pengambilan dan Analisis Data ... 32

3.14 Penulisan Laporan ... 32

BAB IV ANALISIS DATA DAN KESIMPULAN 4.1 Hasil Perancangan Alat ... 33

4.2 Pengujian Kalibrasi Sensor MPX 5700AP... 33

4.3 Data Karakteristik Statik Sensor ... 39

4.4 Pengujian sistem pengendalian pressure ... 41

4.5 Pembahasan ... 43

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Kesimpulan ... 45

5.2 Saran ... 45

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ... xiv LAMPIRAN

xi

LAMPIRAN B (DATASHEET SYSTEM ATMEGA 32) LAMPIRAN C (Listing Program pada CVAVR)

LAMPIRAN D (WIRING)

LAMPIRAN E (DATA PRESSURE) BIODATA PENULIS

xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Pemecahan molekul air menjadi gas HHO ... 5

Gambar 2.2 Skema elektrolisis ... 6

Gambar 2.3 Hubungan Konsentrasi KOH dan Konduktivitas . 8 Gambar 2.4 Standard komposisi stainless steel (David Tabolt, 1998) ... 9

Gambar 2.5 Generator HHO Tipe Dry Cell ... 10

Gambar 2.6 Generator HHO tipe wet cell ... 11

Gambar 2.7 Netral Plat ... 11

Gambar 2.8 Diagram Blok Close Loop ... 13

Gambar 2.9 Diagram Blok Open Loop... 14

Gambar 2.10 Sinyal Digital ... 14

Gambar 2.11 Diagram Blok On-Off ... 14

Gambar 2.12 Sensor MPX5700AP ... 15

Gambar 2.13 Solenoid Valve... 16

Gambar 2.14 Bentuk Fisik Mikrokontroler AVR ATMEGA32 PDIP 40 pin ... 17

Gambar 2.15 Bentuk fisik dan konfigurasi pin dari IC ATMEGA32 model PDIP 40 pin ... 19

Gambar 2.16 LCD 20X4 ... 20

Gambar 2.17 Plant Produksi Brown’s Gas ... 25

Gambar 3.1 Sensor MPX5700AP ... 25

Gambar 3.2 Solenoid Valve... 26

Gambar 3.3 Flowchart Sistem ... 28

Gambar 3.4 Diagram Blok Sistem Pengendalian Tekanan .... 29

Gambar 3.5 P&ID Sistem Pengendalian Pressure ... 30

Gambar 3.6 Hardware Pengendalian Pressure ... 30

Gambar 3.7 Software Code Vision AVR ... 31

Gambar 4.1 Plant Produksi Brown’s Gas ... 33

xiii

Gambar 4.3 Grafik Hubungan Respon Solenoid Valve - Pressure

xiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengambilan Data Naik MPX5700AP ... 34

Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengambilan Data Turun MPX5700AP ... 34

Tabel 4.3 Data Kalibrasi Sensor MPX5700AP ... 35

Tabel 4.4 Data Kalibrasi Sensor MPX5700AP ... 36

Tabel 4.5 Hasil Data Sensor MPX 5500AP Naik dan Turun .... 39

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