APLIKASI THERMAL PRE-TREATMENT LIMBAH TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) SEBAGAI CO-SUBSTRAT PADA PROSES ANAEROBIK DIGESTI UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOGAS

APLIKASI THERMAL PRE-TREATMENT LIMBAH TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea

mays) SEBAGAI CO-SUBSTRAT PADA PROSES ANAEROBIK DIGESTI

UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOGAS

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Darwin, Yusmanizar, Muhammad Ilham, Afrizal Fazil, Satria Purwanto, Sarbaini, Fatwa Dhiauddin

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Jl. Krueng Kalee, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111 (PDLOGUZLQBDH#\DKRRFRP

ABSTRAK

Thermal pre-treatmentGLEHULNDQSDGDOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJGHQJDQWXMXDQXQWXNPHPHFDKNDQNDQGXQJDQOLJQLQ \DQJWHUGDSDWSDGDOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJVHKLQJJDPHPXGDKNDQPLNURRUJDQLVPHDQDHURELNXQWXNPHQJNRQYHUVL SROLPHU\DQJEHUXSDVHOXORVDGDQKHPLVHOXORVDPHQMDGLELRJDV7XMXDQGDULSHQHOLWLDQLQLDGDODKXQWXNPHODNXNDQ NDMLDQPHQJHQDLSHQHUDSDQthermal pre-treatment SDGDOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJWHUKDGDSSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL\DQJ PHOLSXWLH¿VLHQVLSURVHVGLJHVLGDQSURGXNVLELRJDV\DQJGLKDVLONDQ3HQHOLWLDQLQLGLODNXNDQGHQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQ UHDNWRU WLSH batch \DQJ VXKXQ\D GLSHUWDKDQNDQ SDGD NRQGLVL mesophilic DWDX GL DWDV UDWDUDWD VXKX NDPDU  “  o_{& +DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ GLSHUROHK EDKZD thermal pre-treatment \DQJ GLEHULNDQ SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ PDPSX} PHPSHUFHSDWSURVHVSURGXNVLELRJDVSDGDKDULSHUWDPDVHKLQJJDGDSDWPHQJXUDQJLlag-phase SDGDSURVHVDQDHURELN GLJHVL/LPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatmentPHQJDODPLSHUODPEDWDQSURGXNVLELRJDVSDGD KDULNHGHQJDQUDWDUDWDWRWDOSURGXNVLP/XQWXNOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatmentVHODPDPHQLWGDQP/XQWXNOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatment selama PHQLWVHGDQJNDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJWLGDNGLEHULNDQpre-treatmentPHQJKDVLONDQSURGXNVLELRJDVVHEHVDU P/SDGDKDULNH3URGXNVLELRJDVKDULDQWHUWLQJJLWHUMDGLSDGDVXEVWUDW\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatment PHQLWGHQJDQSURGXNVLELRJDVWHUWLQJJLSDGDKDULNHGHQJDQUDWDUDWDSURGXNVLVHEHVDUP/6XEVWUDW\DQJ diberikan thermal pre-treatmentPHQLWMXJDPHPSURGXNVLELRJDVMDXKOHELKWLQJJLP/SDGDKDULNHMLND GLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQVXEVWUDWWDQSDGLEHULNDQpre-treatment\DQJKDQ\DPHPSURGXNVLELRJDVVHEHVDUP/'DWD KDVLOSHQHOLWLDQPHQXQMXNNDQEDKZDOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatmentPHPSHUROHKbiogas yield OHELKWLQJJLGDULSDGD\DQJWLGDNGLEHULNDQtreatmentGLPDQDP/Jvolatile solids untuk thermal pre-treatment PHQLWP/Jvolatile solids untuk thermal pre-pre-treatmentPHQLWGDQP/Jvolatile solids XQWXNOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJWLGDNGLEHULNDQpre-treatment.

Kata kunci: Thermal pre-treatment, limbah tanaman jagung, anaerobik digesi, biogas ABSTRACT 7KHUPDOSUHWUHDWPHQWZDVJLYHQRQFRUQVWRYHULQWKHSXUSRVHRIEUHDNLQJWKHOLJQLQFRQWHQWWKXVLWPD\KHOSDQDHURELF PLFURRUJDQLVPVWRFRQYHUWSRO\PHULQFOXGLQJFHOOXORVHDQGKHPLFHOOXORVHVLQWRELRJDV7KLVVWXG\DLPHGWRLQYHVWLJDWH WKHHIIHFWVRIWKHUPDOSUHWUHDWPHQWRQFRUQVWRYHULQDQDHURELFGLJHVWLRQSURFHVVUHODWHGWRWKHSURGXFWLRQRIELRJDV DVZHOODVGLJHVWLRQSURFHVVHI¿FLHQF\7KLVUHVHDUFKZDVFDUULHGRXWE\XWLOL]LQJEDWFKUHDFWRUVZKHUHWKHWHPSHUDWXUH ZDVPDLQWDLQHGDWPHVRSKLOLFFRQGLWLRQVDERYHURRPWHPSHUDWXUH“o_{&%DVHGRQWKHUHVXOWLWZDVNQRZQWKDW} WKHUPDO SUHWUHDWPHQW JLYHQ RQ WKH FRUQ VWRYHU PD\ HQKDQFH DQDHURELF GLJHVWLRQ SURFHVV IRU ELRJDV SURGXFWLRQ DW WKH¿UVWGD\V7KLVFRQGLWLRQUHGXFHGWKHWLPHRIODJSKDVHGXULQJDQDHURELFGLJHVWLRQ7KHELRJDVSURGXFWLRQRI FRUQVWRYHUJLYHQWKHUPDOSUHWUHDWPHQWZDVVORZDWGD\VZKHUHWKHLUDYHUDJHWRWDOSURGXFWLRQZHUHP/ P/DWDQGPLQXWHVWKHUPDOSUHWUHDWPHQWUHVSHFWLYHO\ZKLOHELRJDVSURGXFWLRQRIQRQSUHWUHDWHGFRUQ VWRYHUZDVP/7KHKLJKHVWGDLO\ELRJDVSURGXFWLRQZDVDFFRPSOLVKHGE\FRUQVWRYHUWKDWZDVJLYHQWKHUPDO

PENDAHULUAN

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Proses anaerobik digesi dengan menggunakan limbah WDQDPDQMDJXQJVHEDJDLFRVXEVWUDWGDSDWWHUKDPEDWGHQJDQ DGDQ\DNDQGXQJDQOLJQLQ6HSHUWL\DQJWHODKGLNHWDKXLEDKZD NDQGXQJDQ OLJQLQ \DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD OLPEDK MDJXQJ WLGDN GDSDW WHUXUDL VHODPD SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL +HQGULNV GDQ =HHPDQ  :DQJ GDQ 6FKPLGW  +DO LQL WHUMDGL VHODPDSURVHVKLGUROLVLVGLPDQDPLNURRUJDQLVPHVHUWDHQ]LP HNVWUDVHOXOHUWHUKDODQJROHKNRPSRQHQOLJQLQVHKLQJJDWLGDN

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)DNWRUXWDPD\DQJPHPSHQJDUXKLSURGXNVLELRPHWDQ SDGD SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL ELRPDVVD OLJQRVHOXORVD \DLWX sifat-sifat intrinsik dari biomassa itu sendiri, serta aktivitas PLNURRUJDQLVPH\DQJWHUGDSDWGLGDODPGLJHVWHU3URVHVpre-treatment WHUKDGDS ELRPDVVD OLJQRVHOXORVD VDQJDW SHQWLQJ dilakukan sebelum bahan tersebut dimasukan ke dalam reaktor DQDHURELN3URVHVLQLSHQWLQJGLODNXNDQXQWXNPHPHFDKNDQ UDQWDL SROLPHU PHQMDGL PROHNXO \DQJ OHELK NHFLO VHKLQJJD PHPXGDKNDQ PLNURRUJDQLVPH XQWXN PHPSHUROHK GDQ PHQJNRQYHUVLVHOXORVDPHQMDGLELRJDV:DQJGDQ6FKPLGW 2010). Dengan melakukan pre-treatment maka struktur dari ELRPDVVDOLJQRVHOXORVDDNDQGLSHFDKNDQVHKLQJJDNRPSRQHQ GDULELRPDVVD\DQJPHQJDQGXQJJXODDNDQPXGDKGLDNVHVROHK PLNURRUJDQLVPH DQDHURELN :DQJ GNN  =KDQJ GDQ =KLTLQPHQ\HEXWNDQEDKZDSHQJHFLODQXNXUDQVHFDUD PHNDQLV GDSDW PHPEDQWX SHQLQJNDWDQ SURVHV ELRGHJUDGDVL ROHKPLNURRUJDQLVPHGLPDQDGHQJDQPHODNXNDQSHQJHFLODQ ukuran dindLQJVHOGDULELRPDVVDDNDQGLSHFDKNDQVHKLQJJD NRPSRQHQNRPSRQHQRUJDQLN\DQJPXGDKWHUXUDLDNDQOHELK mudah diakses oleh mikroorganisme.

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SHQLQJNDWDQ XNXUDQ SRULSRUL ELRPDVVD OLJQRVHOXORVD VHKLQJJD PHPXGDKNDQ HQ]LPHQ]LP KLGUROLVLV GDODP PHQJDNVHVVHOXORVDXQWXNVHODQMXWQ\DGLNRQYHUVLNDQPHQMDGL JXOD:DOFKGNN0RNGNNGrethlein, 1985).

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METODE PENELITIAN Bahan dan Alat

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GLSHUWDKDQNDQ SDGD NRQGLVL mesophilic atau di atas rata-UDWD VXKX NDPDU  “  o_{& 3HQJXNXUDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV} GLODNXNDQVHWLDSKDULGHQJDQPHQFDWDWSHQLQJNDWDQOHYHOJDV SDGDJDVPHWHU3DGDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLLQLELRJDV\DQJ GLKDVLONDQGDULUHDNWRUGLKXEXQJNDQNHWDEXQJ\DQJEHULVLDLU dan kemudian biogas tersebut dialirkan ke tabung gas meter. %LRJDV \DQJ GLDOLUNDQ NH WDEXQJ \DQJ EHULVL DLU EHUWXMXDQ XQWXN PHPEHUVLKNDQ NDQGXQJDQ ELRJDV GDUL NRPSRQHQ NRPSRQHQ \DQJ WLGDN GLLQJLQNDQ VHSHUWL KLGURJHQ VXO¿GD +₂6GDQNDUERQGLRNVLGD&2₂=KDRGNN'DUZLQ GNN  0HWRGH LQL GLWHUDSNDQ NDUHQD &2₂ GDQ +₂S PHUXSDNDQNRPSRQHQGDULELRJDV\DQJOHELKPXGDKODUXWGL GDODPDLUGLEDQGLQJNDQJDVPHWDQ=KDRGNN Pengamatan dan Analisis

3DUDPHWHUDQDHURELNGLJHVL\DQJGLDPDWL\DLWXSURGXNVL ELRJDV SHU KDUL SHQJXNXUDQ S+ total solids 76 volatile solids 96 total dissolved solids 7'6 GDQ WRWDO NMHGDKO QLWURJHQ7.1WHUKDGDSEDKDQ\DQJGLPDVXNNDQLQÀXHQW) NH GDODP UHDNWRU GDQ EDKDQ \DQJ GLNHOXDUNDQ HIÀXHQW) GDULUHDNWRUVHWHODKVHOHVDLQ\DSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL\DQJ GLWDQGDLGHQJDQEHUKHQWLQ\DSURGXNVLELRJDV$QDOLVDVDPSHO LQÀXHQW dan HIÀXHQW LQL GLODNXNDQ EHUGDVDUNDQ ³PHWRGH VWDQGDU´$3+$

'XUDVL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL VHUWD SHQJXNXUDQ SURGXNVLELRJDVGLWHQWXNDQEHUGDVDUNDQVHEHUDSDODPDSURVHV DQDHURELNGLJHVLGDULWLDSWLDSUHDNWRUPHQJKDVLONDQELRJDV 3HQJXNXUDQ SDUDPHWHU H¿VLHQVL GLJHVL GLSHUOXNDQ XQWXN PHQJHWDKXL NLQHUMD GDUL WLDSWLDS UHDNWRU DQDHURELN GDODP PHQMDODQLSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL-RDQH'DUZLQGNN SHQJXNXUDQSDUDPHWHUH¿VLHQVLGLJHVL\DQJGLODNXNDQ SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHOLSXWL volatile solids reduction, dan biogas yield.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Produksi Biogas

Produksi biogas dari manure WDQSD SHQDPEDKDQ feedstock limbah tanaman jagung sangat sedikit dibandingkan GHQJDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV GDUL FDPSXUDQ manure VDSL GDQ OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ FRGLJHVL +DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ PHQXQMXNNDQEDKZDSURGXNVLUDWDUDWDELRJDVNXPXODWLIGDUL manure VDSL VHODPD  KDUL PHQJDODPL SHQLQJNDWDQ \DQJ WLGDN VLJQL¿NDQ GHQJDQ WRWDO SURGXNVL ELRJDV VDPSDL KDUL NHDGDODKP/3URGXNVLUDWDUDWDELRJDVNXPXODWLI dari manureVDSL\DQJGLFDPSXUNDQGHQJDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQ MDJXQJ WDQSD pre-treatment WHUXV PHQJDODPL SHQLQJNDWDQ GLPDQDSURGXNVLELRJDVQ\DSDGDKDULNHDGDODK mL. Limbah tanaman jagung dengan thermal pre-treatment VHODPDPHQLWPHQJKDVLONDQWRWDOSURGXNVLELRJDVQ\D\DLWX

*DPEDU'LDJUDPDOLUWDKDSDQSHQHOLWLDQ

Proses Anaerobik Digesi

5HDNWRU \DQJ VXGDK GLLVLNDQ GHQJDQ VXEVWUDW \DQJ PHOLSXWL UHDNWRU \DQJ KDQ\D EHULVL LQRNXOXP GDQ manure VDSL UHDNWRU \DQJ EHULVL LQRNXOXP GDQ OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ\DQJWLGDNGLEHULNDQpretreatment, serta inokulum dan OLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pretreatment diletakkan di dalam thermostatic waterbath \DQJ VXKXQ\D

P/3URGXNVLUDWDUDWDELRJDVNXPXODWLIGDULmanure \DQJ GLFDPSXUNDQ GHQJDQ OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ GHQJDQ thermal pre-treatment VHODPD  PHQLW DGDODK  P/ 'DUL KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ GDSDW GLNHWDKXL EDKZD GXUDVL thermal pre-treatment \DQJ GLEHULNDQ SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ selama 15 dan 25 menit tidak jauh berbeda untuk biogas \DQJGLKDVLONDQ+DVLOLQLGDSDWWHUOLKDWGDULSURGXNVLELRJDV dari kedua variasi thermal pre-treatment\DQJPHQJKDVLONDQ MXPODK SURGXNVL ELRJDV \DQJ KDPSLU VDPD GLPDQD WRWDO SURGXNVLVHODPDKDULSURVHVGLJHVL\DLWXP/ menit thermal pre-treatment GDQ  P/  PHQLW thermal pre-treatment).

tHUODUXWGLGDODPDLUVHKLQJJDPHPXGDKNDQSURVHVNRQYHUVL OLPEDKRUJDQLNWHUVHEXWPHQMDGLELRJDV3HQHUDSDQthermal

pre-treatmentSDGDfeedstock \DQJPHPLOLNLWLQJNDWNHNHUDVDQ

\DQJ WLQJJL MXJD VDQJDW PHPSHQJDUXKL SHQLQJNDWDQ ODMX SURVHV SHQJXUDLDQ NDQGXQJDQ EDKDQEDKDQ RUJDQLN VHODPD SURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL%RXJULHUGNN

Berdasarkan Gambar 2, substrat dari manure \DQJ GLFDPSXU OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ GHQJDQ thermal pre-treatmentGDQPHQLWPHQJDODPLSHQLQJNDWDQMXPODK SURGXNVL ELRJDV \DQJ VLJQL¿NDQ ELOD GLEDQGLQJNDQ VXEVWUDW \DQJ WLGDN GLODNXNDQ thermal pre-treatment +DO LQL GDSDW WHUOLKDWMHODVEDKZDVHODPDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLGDULKDUL SHUWDPDVDPSDLKDULNHSURGXNVLELRJDV\DQJGLKDVLONDQ GDUL VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment lebih WLQJJLMLNDGLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQVXEVWUDW\DQJWLGDN diberikan thermal pre-treatment+DVLOLQLPDVLKVHGLNLWOHELK UHQGDK MLND GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ EHEHUDSD KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ \DQJWHODKGLODNXNDQROHK*DYDODGNNGDQ%RXJULHU GNN  \DQJ PHQJXQJNDSNDQ DGDQ\D SHQLQJNDWDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV VHNLWDU  SDGD VXEVWUDW OXPSXU DNWLI \DQJGLEHULNDQthermal treatmentSDGDVXKXo_&

3HQLQJNDWDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV WHUMDGL NDUHQD WLQJJLQ\D ODMX SURVHV KLGUROLVLV \DQJ WHUMDGL SDGD VXEVWUDW \DQJ diberikan thermal pre-treatment dibandingkan dengan VXEVWUDW\DQJWDQSDGLEHULNDQpre-treatment, sehingga di awal SURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLGDULVXEVWUDW\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatment GDSDWPHQJKDVLONDQELRJDV \DQJ OHELKWLQJJL +DOLQLVHVXDLGHQJDQVWXGL\DQJGLODNXNDQROHK:DQJGNN  \DQJ PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD GHQJDQ PHPEHULNDQ pre-treatmentSDGDOLPEDKELRPDVVDOLJQRVHOXOORVDPDNDVWUXNWXU GDULELRPDVVDOLJQRVHOXORVDDNDQPXGDKGLSHFDKNDQVHKLQJJD NRPSRQHQ GDUL ELRPDVVD \DQJ PHQJDQGXQJ VHOXORVD DNDQ PXGDK GLDNVHV ROHK PLNURRUJDQLVPH DQDHURELN :DQJ GNN  0RVLHU GNN  /HL GNN  'DUL KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQMXJDGDSDWGLNHWDKXLEDKZDSURGXNVLELRJDVKDULDQ WHUWLQJJL WHUMDGL SDGD VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment  PHQLW GHQJDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV WHUWLQJJL SDGD KDUL NH  GHQJDQ UDWDUDWD SURGXNVL VHEHVDU  P/ 3DGD KDUL NH VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ SUHWUHDWPHQW  PHQLW MXJDPHPSURGXNVLELRJDVMDXKOHELKWLQJJLP/MLND GLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQVXEVWUDWWDQSDGLEHULNDQpre-treatment \DQJKDQ\DPHPSURGXNVLELRJDVVHEHVDUP/

3HQHUDSDQ thermal pre-treatment \DQJ GLEHULNDQ SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ MXJD GDSDW PHPSHUPXGDK mikroorganisme anaerobik untuk menguraikan kandungan EDKDQRUJDQLNVHODPDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL+DOLQLWHUMDGL NDUHQD OLJQLQ \DQJ WHUNDQGXQJ GL GDODP OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ WHODK EHUNXUDQJ DNLEDW GDUL SURVHV thermal pre-treatment VHKLQJJD VXEVWUDW \DQJ WHUVHGLD VHSHUWL VHOXORVD GDSDW OHELK FHSDW GLPDQIDDWNDQ ROHK PLNURRUJDQLVPH

*DPEDU3URGXNVL ELRJDV GDUL VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal

pre-treatmentWDQSDpre-treatment dan manureVDSL 'DUL NHHPSDW MHQLV VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ SDGD DQDHURELNUHDNWRUWRWDOSURGXNVLELRJDVWHUWLQJJLVHODPD KDUL SURVHV GLJHVL GLSHUROHK GDUL manure GHQJDQ FDPSXUDQ OLPEDKWDQDPDQ MDJXQJ WDQSDpre-treatment  P/ +DO LQL GLNDUHQDNDQ MXPODK EDKDQ PDNDQDQ VXEVWUDW \DQJ dibutuhkan oleh mikroorganisme sulit untuk didegradasikan NDUHQD PHPLOLNL NDQGXQJDQ OLJQLQ \DQJ WLQJJL ROHK NDUHQD WLGDN GLODNXNDQQ\D thermal pre-treatment, sehingga jumlah EDKDQPDNDQDQELVDEHUWDKDQOHELKODPDGDQVHFDUDEHUWDKDS substrat tersebut dikonsumsi oleh mikroorganisme untuk PHQLQJNDWNDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV 7RWDO SURGXNVL ELRJDV GDUL VXEVWUDW \DQJ WLGDN GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment KDQ\D EHUNLVDU  OHELK WLQJJL GDUL WRWDO SURGXNVL ELRJDV SDGD VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment$NDQ WHWDSL MLND GLOLKDW SDGD *DPEDU  GDSDW GLNHWDKXL EDKZD VXEVWUDW \DQJ WLGDN GLEHULNDQ pre-treatment memiliki waktu lag phase \DQJOHELKSDQMDQJMLNDGLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQVXEVWUDW \DQJ WHODK GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment +DVLO LQL MXJD VHVXDLGHQJDQSHQHOLWLDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQROHKBougrier dkk.  \DQJ PHQJXQJNDSNDQ EDKZD SHQHUDSDQ thermal

pre-treatmentSDGDVXVEWUDW\DQJEHUXSDOXPSXUDNWLIXQWXN

SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL MXJD GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV 3HQLQJNDWDQ YROXPH SURGXNVL ELRJDV LQL EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQSHQLQJNDWDQMXPODKEDKDQEDKDQRUJDQLN\DQJPXGDK

XQWXN PHQJKDVLONDQ ELRJDV 6HWHODK EHEHUDSD KDUL SURVHV anaerobik digesi, nutrisi di dalam reaktor berkurang sehingga PLNURRUJDQLVPH PHQJDODPL NHNXUDQJDQ PDNDQDQQ\D GDQ PHQJDNLEDWNDQSURGXNVLELRJDVMXJDLNXWPHQXUXQ

0HVNLSXQOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJWHODKGLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment PHQJKDVLONDQ WRWDO SURGXNVL ELRJDV OHELKVHGLNLWMLNDGLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQ\DQJWLGDNGLEHULNDQ pre-treatment $NDQ WHWDSL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL \DQJ diberikan thermal pre-treatment tidak memerlukan waktu \DQJ ODPD KDO LQL WHUMDGL NDUHQD WHUMDGLQ\D SHQLQJNDWDQ ODMX SURVHV KLGUROLVLV SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ \DQJ telah diberikan thermal pre-treatment VHKLQJJD SURGXNVL ELRJDVGDSDWGLWLQJNDWNDQGDODPZDNWX\DQJFHSDW'HQJDQ SHPEHULDQ thermal pre-treatment SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ MXJD GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ H¿VLHQVL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVLVHKLQJJDEDNWHULGDSDWGHQJDQFHSDWPHQJNRQYHUVLNDQ VHOXORVD PHQMDGL ELRJDV +DVLO LQL VHVXDL GHQJDQ SHQHOLWLDQ \DQJ WHODK GLODNXNDQ ROHK /HL GNN  \DQJ PHQJXQJNDSNDQ EDKZD SHQHUDSDQ thermal pre-treatment GHQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQDLUSDQDVSDGDELRPDVVDOLJQRVHOXORVD DNDQPHQLQJNDWNDQODMXSURVHVKLGUROLVLVXQWXNPHQJNRQYHUVL VHOXORVDPHQMDGLNRPSRQHQVHGHUKDQD\DQJEHUXSDJXODGDQ VHODQMXWQ\D SURGXN KDVLO KLGUROLVLV LQL DNDQ GLNRQYHUVLNDQ PHQMDGLSURGXNIHUPHQWDVLVHSHUWLDONRKROGDQvolatile fatty acids, \DQJNHPXGLDQDNDQGLNRQYHUVLNDQPHQMDGLJDVPHWDQ SDGDWDKDSSURVHVPHWKDQRJHQHVLV

Parameter Anaerobik Digesi

Tabel 1 dan Tabel 2 menunjukkan bahwa secara NHVHOXUXKDQSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL\DQJGLODNXNDQEHUMDODQ

GHQJDQVWDELOKDOLQLGDSDWGLNHWDKXLGDULQLODLS+GDULNHGXD SURVHV GLJHVL \DQJ PHQGHNDWL SDGD UHQWDQJ S+ RSWLPXP XQWXN SURGXNVL ELRJDV PHODOXL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL %HUGDVDUNDQ OLWHUDWXU S+ RSWLPXP XQWXN SURGXNVL ELRJDV WHUMDGLSDGDUHQWDQJS+GDQ'LQDPDUFDGNN &KHQJ'DUL7DEHOGDSDWGLOLKDWEDKZDS+LQÀXHQW dari anaerobik co-digesi limbah tanaman jagung dan manure VDSL FXNXS UHQGDK \DLWX  5HQGDKQ\D S+ NDUHQD SDGD saat ditambahkan limbah organik ke dalam reaktor anaerobik PDND NHFHQGHUXQJDQ \DQJ DNDQ WHUMDGL \DLWX DGDQ\D SHQLQJNDWDQWLQJNDWNHDVDPDQSDGDFDPSXUDQOLPEDKRUJDQLN di dalam digester. Peningkatan keasaman ini juga disebabkan DGDQ\DSHQLQJNDWDQSURGXNVL volatile fatty acidsSDGDculture DWDXFDPSXUDQGLGDODPUHDNWRUGLPDQDVHWHODKPHQJDODPL SURVHV KLGUROLVLV GLODQMXWNDQ SDGD SURVHV DFLGL¿NDVL \DQJ PHQJNRQYHUVL SURGXN KDVLO GDUL WDKDSDQ KLGUROLVLV \DQJ EHUXSD VHQ\DZD VHGHUKDQD VHSHUWL JXOD PHQMDGL EHEHUDSD NRPSRQHQvolatile fatty acidsVHSHUWLDVDPSURSLRQDWDVDP EXWLUDWGDQDVDPDVHWDW&KHQJ3DGDWDKDSDQSURVHV DFLGL¿NDVLLQLMXJDPHQJKDVLONDQSURGXNDONRKROVHSHUWLHWDQRO +DQGNN6HWHODKPHODOXLSURVHVDFLGL¿NDVLvolatile fatty acids tersebut terurai menjadi asam asetat, hidrogen dan NDUERQGLRNVLGD \DQJ VHODQMXWQ\D SDGD WDKDS DNKLU SURVHV DQDHURELNGLJHVL\DLWXWDKDSDQPHWKDQRJHQHVLVGLPDQDDVDP DVHWDW GDUL KDVLO SURVHV DFHWRJHQHVLV GLNRQYHUVLNDQ PHQMDGL ELRJDV\DQJWHUGLULGDULJDVPHWDQGDQNDUERQGLRNVLGD+DO LQLMXJDGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGD7DEHOGLPDQDS+HIÀXHQWdari anaerobik co-digesi limbah tanaman jagung dan manureVDSL PHQLQJNDW PHQMDGL  GLPDQD S+ LQL WHUPDVXN SDGD S+ RSWLPXPXQWXNSURGXNVLELRJDV 7DEHO$QDOLVLVVDPSHOSDUDPHWHULQÀXHQWVHEHOXPSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL 1R Substrat Parameter S+ TDS PJ/ 76 96 7.1 PJ/ 1 ManureVDSL 6,55 1050 1,13 ± 0,12 56,79 ± 0,79 155,06 2 Manure VDSLGDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQ MDJXQJWDQSDpre treatment 5,83 1680 “ 78,79 ± 3,06  3 ManureVDSLGDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQ jagung dengan thermal pre treatment 15 menit

6,72 1380 2,81 ± 0,08 76,16 ± 0,33 386,87



ManureVDSLGDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQ jagung dengan thermal pre treatment 25 menit

0HVNLSXQ DQDHURELN GLJHVL manure VDSL PHPLOLNL S+ \DQJ PHQGHNDWL RSWLPXP XQWXN SURGXNVL ELRJDV DNDQ WHWDSL DQDHURELN GLJHVL \DQJ KDQ\D PHQJJXQDNDQ manure VDSL VHEDJDL VXEVWUDW WXQJJDO WLGDN PHPLOLNL FXNXS QXWULVL \DQJGLEXWXKNDQROHKEDNWHULDQDHURELNXQWXNPHQJKDVLONDQ ELRJDV+DOLQLGDSDWWHUOLKDWGDULUHQGDKQ\DNDQGXQJDQtotal solids 76 GDQ volatile solids 96 GDUL manure VDSL \DLWX sebesar “76GDQ“966HGDQJNDQ anaerobik digesi manure VDSL \DQJ GLWDPEDKNDQ OLPEDK tanaman jagung sebagai co-substrate memiliki kandungan total solids dan volatile solids lebih tinggi dari anaerobik GLJHVLGHQJDQKDQ\DPHQJJXQDNDQmanureVDSL1LODLtotal solids dan volatile solids dari anaerobik digesi manure VDSL \DQJ GLWDPEDKNDQ OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ \DLWX VHEHVDU  “  76 GDQ  “  96 8QWXN VXEVWUDW FDPSXUDQGDULmanureVDSLGDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJ telah diberikan thermal pre-treatment 15 menit, memiliki kandungan total solids dan volatile solids sebesar 2,81 ± 0,08 76 GDQ  “  96 3DGD VXEVWUDW FDPSXUDQ GDUL manureVDSLGDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJWHODKGLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment 25 menit, memiliki kandungan total solids dan volatile solids VHEHVDU“76GDQ “96

Parameter Total Dissolved Solids7'6SDGDNHHPSDW SURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLMXJDWHUMDGLSHQLQJNDWDQGDULVHEHOXP PHQJDODPL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL LQÀXHQW) dan setelah PHQJDODPL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL HIÀXHQW). Peningkatan NDQGXQJDQ7'6WHUMDGLNDUHQDSDGDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL PHQJDODPL SURVHV SHQJXUDLDQ VHQ\DZD RUJDQLN NRPSOHNV PHQMDGL PROHNXOPROHNXO VHGHUKDQD \DQJ ODUXW GDODP air \DQJ VHODQMXWQ\D GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN SURVHV SURGXNVL ELRJDV -D\DNRG\ GNN . TDS dari anaerobik co-digesi limbah tanaman jagung dan manure VDSL MXJD OHELK

WLQJJL GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ DQDHURELN GLJHVL \DQJ KDQ\D menggunakan manureVDSLVHEDJDLVXEVWUDWWXQJJDO7DEHO dan Tabel 2).

Untuk Total Kjedahl Nitrogen 7.1 SDGD DQDHURELN digesi manureVDSLMXJDPHQJDODPLSHQLQJNDWDQGDUL PJ/PHQMDGLPJ/3HQLQJNDWDQ7.1WHUMDGLNDUHQD DQDHURELN GLJHVL \DQJ KDQ\D PHQJJXQDNDQ manure VDSL PHPLOLNLNDSDVLWDV EXIIHU \DQJ UHQGDK VHKLQJJD DNXPXODVL DPPRQLDGDSDWWHUMDGLGLGDODPUHDNWRUDQDHURELN\DQJSDGD DNKLUQ\D GDSDW PHQJKDPEDW SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL XQWXN menghasilkan biogas. Pada anaerobik co-digesi limbah tanaman jagung dan manure VDSL GLPDQD NDQGXQJDQ7.1 WHUMDGL VHGLNLW SHQXUXQDQ GDUL  PJ/ PHQMDGL  PJ/3HQXUXQDQ7.1SDGDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLGHQJDQ menggunakan limbah tanaman jagung sebagai co-substrat WHUMDGL NDUHQD DGDQ\D SHQLQJNDWDQ NDSDVLWDV EXIIHU VHODPD SURVHV VHKLQJJD GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ NHVWDELODQ SURVHV anaerobik digesi untuk mengurangi resiko kegagalan akibat akumulasi ammonia di dalam reaktor anaerobik sehingga SDGD DNKLUQ\D GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV %DQNV GDQ+XPSKUH\V3HUEHGDDQWHUMDGLMXJDSDGDVXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment GLPDQD 7.1 GDUL NHGXD VXEVWUDW \DQJ WHODK GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment PHQJDODPL VHGLNLW SHQLQJNDWDQ VHWHODK PHQJDODPL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL $GDQ\D SHQLQJNDWDQ NDQGXQJDQ 7.1 NDUHQD SURVHV SHQJXUDLDQ VXEVWUDW VDQJDW FHSDW WHUMDGL GLDZDODZDO SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL \DQJ GLWDQGDL GHQJDQ SHQLQJNDWDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV *DPEDU  \DQJ NHPXGLDQ GLLNXWLGHQJDQSHQXUXQDQSURGXNVLELRJDVSHUKDULQ\DVHWHODK OHELKGDULKDULSURVHVGLJHVL3HQXUXQDQSURGXNVLELRJDV WHUMDGL NDUHQD DGDQ\D SHQJXUDQJDQ MXPODK QXWULVL \DQJ WHUVHGLDDNLEDWWLQJJLQ\DODMXSHQJXUDLDQQXWULVLGLDZDODZDO SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL 3HQLQJNDWDQ 7.1 SDGD VXEVWUDW 7DEHO$QDOLVLVVDPSHOSDUDPHWHUHIÀXHQWVHVXGDKPHQJDODPLSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL 1R Substrat Parameter S+ TDS PJ/ 76 96 7.1PJ/ 1 ManureVDSL 6,95 ± 0.02 “ 0,976 ± 0,02 30,879 ± 12,09 “ 2 ManureVDSLGDQOLPEDK WDQDPDQMDJXQJWDQSDpre treatment “ “ “ “ “ 3 ManureVDSLGDQOLPEDK

tanaman jagung dengan thermal

pre treatment 15 menit

6,73 ± 0 1975 ± 35 1,118 ± 0,07 “ “



ManureVDSLGDQOLPEDK

tanaman jagung dengan thermal

pre treatment 25 menit

\DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment juga diikuti dengan PHQLQJNDWQ\D QLODL S+ GDUL NHGXD VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment.

'DUL SHQHOLWLDQ LQL MXJD GDSDW GLNHWDKXL EDKZD SURVHV anaerobik co-digesi limbah tanaman jagung dan manure VDSL PDPSX PHPEHULNDQ NHXQJJXODQ GDODP PHPSURGXNVL ELRJDV NDUHQD GDSDW PHQ\HGLDNDQ QXWULVL \DQJ FXNXS XQWXN SHUWXPEXKDQ PLNURRUJDQLVPH methanogen dalam menghasilkan biogas. Anaerobik digesi manure VDSLGHQJDQ PHQDPEDKNDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJMXJDGDSDWPHPEHULNDQ SHQLQJNDWDQNDSDVLWDVEXIIHUVHODPDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL GL GDODP UHDNWRU VHKLQJJD SURVHV DQDHURELN \DQJ WHUMDGL menjadi lebih stabil %DQNVGDQ+XPSKUH\V

(¿VLHQVL%LRGHJUDGDVLSDGD3URVHV$QDHURELN'LJHVL 3URGXNVLELRJDVGDULSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLGLSHQJDUXKL ROHK EHEHUDSD IDNWRU GLDQWDUDQ\D \DLWX ELRGHJUDGDVL GDQ NHWHUVHGLDDQ VHQ\DZDVHQ\DZD \DQJ WHUNDQGXQJ GL GDODP biomassa serta kandungan OLJQLQ.DOUDGDQ3DQZDU Biogas dan methane yield \DQJ GLSHUROHK GDUL MXPODK WRWDO ELRJDV \DQJ GLSHUROHK SHU WLDS JUDP volatile solidV \DQJ GLWDPEDKNDQPHUXSDNDQSDUDPHWHUGLJHVLXQWXNPHQJHWDKXL H¿VLHQVL SURVHV ELRGHJUDGDVL GDUL SURVHV NRQYHUVL OLPEDK organik menjadi ELRJDV/RGNN

7DEHO(¿VLHQVLELRGHJUDGDVL Substrat 96reduction  Biogas yield P/J96 Manure 66,015 137,923

Manure + limbah tanaman

jagung 58,812 

Manure + limbah tanaman jagung dengan thermal pre treatment 15 menit

 670,39

Manure + limbah tanaman jagung dengan thermal pre treatment 25 menit

 

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