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ABSTRAK
Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar yang disusun oleh mono-alkil ester dari asam lemak rantai panjang yang diturunkan dari bahan baku terbarukan. Minyak jelantah merupakan bahan baku yang mudah diperoleh dan tersedia dalam jumlah besar. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan katalis heterogen. Katalis berupa paduan katalis CaO dengan zeolit alam digunakan dalam proses transesterifikasi. Limbah cangkang telur ayam dikalsinasi dengan suhu 1.000 °C selama 2 jam. Zeolit alam digunakan sebagai penyangga tanpa diaktivasi. Transesterifikasi dilakukan dalam satu tahap, dimana kadar asam lemak bebas pada minyak jelantah diturunkan melalui pre-treatment menggunakan karbon aktif. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan perbandingan berat CaO terhadap zeolit alam sebesar 1 : 3. Di bawah kondisi terbaik, yield maksimum dari biodiesel adalah 87,40%, yang diperoleh dengan kondisi rasio molar TWCO : metanol sebesar 12 : 1, kecepatan pengadukan 700 rpm, waktu reaksi 3 jam, berat total katalis 8%, dan suhu reaksi 65 °C.
Kata kunci: Biodiesel, Kalsium Oksida, Loaded Catalyst, Treated Waste Cooking Oil, Zeolit Alam
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ABSTRACT
Biodiesel refers to type of renewable fuel composed of mono-alkyl ester of long chain fatty acid, which is typically produced by using renewable raw material. Waste cooking oil is an example of potential biodiesel resource and available in considerable quantity all over the world. This research is conducted by using heterogeneous catalyst, CaO supported by natural zeolite. CaO was derived from calcination process of waste egg shell in 1.000 °C for 2 hours while natural zeolite was used without any treatment. Reaction was conducted in one step, while free fatty acid in waste cooking oil was decreased through pre-treatment step by using activated carbon. Weight ratio of CaO and natural zeolite used in this research is 1 : 3. Under the best condition, the maximum yield of 87,40%, biodiesel was obtained by using 12 : 1 molar ratio of methanol to TWCO at 65 °C, for 3 hours, in the presence of 8%(wt) of loaded catalyst.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Calcium Oxide, Loaded Catalyst, Treated Waste Cooking Oil, Natural Zeolite
