Fisika Zat Padat Pertemuan Pertama : Ceramic

Fisika Zat Padat

Pertemuan Pertama :

Ceramic

Fisika Zat Padat

Pertemuan Pertama :

Ceramic

Pengaruh jari-jari ion

kecil pada pergerakan

(

pacing

) ion-ion besar

Bilangan

koordinasi Disposisi ion-ion sekitar ion pusat Rasio jari-jari (r/R)

2

Linear 0.155 - 0

3

Corners of triangle 0.225 – 0.155

4

Corners of tetrahedron 0.414 – 0.225

6

Corners of octahedron 0.732 – 0.414

8

Corners of cube 1.0 – 0.732 KOORDINASI ION-ION SEBAGAI FUNGSI RASIO JARI-JARI IONIK

GEOMETRI KOORDINASI TRIANGULAR

GEOMETRI KOORDINASI TRIANGULAR

Geometri koordinasi triangular ion-ion kecil (jari-jari = r)

dan ion-ion besar (jari-jari = R)

Geometri koordinasi triangular ion-ion kecil (jari-jari = r)

dan ion-ion besar (jari-jari = R)

Bukti : rasio jari-jari (r/R)

Bukti :

rasio jari-jari (r/R)

Jadi rasio jari-jari (r/R)

koordinasi triangular =

0,155 – 0,225

.

Pekerjaan rumah 1 :

Buktikanlah rasio jari-jari (r/R) pada :

a) Koordinasi tetrahedron (CN = 4) sebesar 0,225 – 0,414 ?

b) Koordinasi oktahedron (CN = 6) sebesar 0,414 – 0,732 ?

c) Koordinasi kubus (CN = 8) sebesar 0,732 – 1,000?

Pekerjaan rumah 1 :

Buktikanlah rasio jari-jari (r/R) pada :

JARI-JARI IONIK (Å)

JARI-JARI IONIK (Å)

Ion Valensi

Pekerjaan rumah 2:

Predict the coordination number (bilangan

koordinasi) and crystal structure for the ions solids

CsCl and NaCl?

Use the following ionic radii for the prediction :

Cs

+

= 0,170 nm; Na

+

= 0,102 nm; Cl

-

= 0,181 nm

Pekerjaan rumah 2:

Predict the coordination number (bilangan

koordinasi) and crystal structure for the ions solids

CsCl and NaCl?

Use the following ionic radii for the prediction :

Cs

+

= 0,170 nm; Na

+

= 0,102 nm; Cl

-

= 0,181 nm

INTRODUCTION : FERROELECTRIC

MATERIAL APPLICATION

INTRODUCTION : FERROELECTRIC

Ferroelectric material perovskite structure (PZT/BST)

(a) Up Polarization (b) Down Polarization

Ferroelectric material

perovskite

structure (PZT/BST)

(a) Up Polarization (b) Down Polarization

(a)

(b)

FERROELECTRIC/PYROELECTRIC MATERIAL

FERROELECTRIC/PYROELECTRIC MATERIAL



Use at room temperature,



Wide range of response frequency,



Quick response in comparison with other temperature sensor,



High quality materials for pyrosensor is unnecessary.



Use at room temperature,



Wide range of response frequency,



Quick response in comparison with other temperature sensor,



High quality materials for pyrosensor is unnecessary.

Merit of Ba

_x

Sr

_1-x

TiO

₃

and PbZr

_x

Ti

_1-x

O

₃

based

pyrosensor compared to other infrared sensor

materials, such as semiconductors are :

Lattice constants of Ba

_x

Sr

_1-x

TiO

₃

and PbZr

_x

Ti

_1-x

O

₃

ferroelectric ceramic using XRD

method

Lattice constants of Ba

_x

Sr

_1-x

TiO

₃

Flow diagram on research

Flow diagram on research

Methodology PTZT ferroelectric ceramic

Methodology PTZT ferroelectric ceramic

5.3020 gram lead titanate (PbTiO₃, 99 %]

A pellet pressing by the presser at 31.43 MPa for

15 minutes and sintering by furnace at 850o_{C for 10 hours.}

Preparation DC Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering (UBMS) method 12 grams of PTZT bulk. Mixing by bowl of polishing for 6 hours. 12 grams of

PTZT powder

Analyzing and characterizing :

the structure (XRD Diano type 2100E), morphology surface and films

thickness (SEM JEOL type JSM-35C).

PTZT thin films of

Pt (200)/ SiO₂/Si(100)

substrate

Stop

0.0600, 0.1200, 0.1296, 0.1800 gram tantalum oxide

[Ta₂O₅, 99,9 %] 6.6980 gram

(1)

,

sin

2







d

(2)

where : d = interplanar spacing; a, b, c = the lattice constants; h, k, l = the planes indices; _ = wave length (Cu element = 1.54056 Å); _ = angle of diffraction.

Analytic method for cubic

Analytic method for cubic

Perhitungan lengkap dari konstanta kisi dari target PZT didadah 1.08 % Ta₂O₅ (PTZT) menggunakan metode analitik struktur kubik

Puncak 2

(deg.)



(deg.) Sin

2 _{ (Sin}2 _{)/2 (Sin}2 _{)/3 (Sin}2 _{)/4 (Sin}2 _)/5

1 21.85 10.925 0.03588 0.01794 0.01196 0.00897 0.00718

2 31.10 15.550 0.07180 0.03589 0.02393 0.01795 0.01436

3 38.35 19.150 0.10751 0.05375 0.03593 0.02688 0.0215

4 44.55 22.275 0.14354 0.07177 0.04785 0.03589 0.02871

5 50.15 25.075 0.17944 0.08972 0.05981 0.04486 0.03589

6 55.30 27.650 0.21516 0.10758 0.07172 0.05379 0.04303

7 64.40 32.200 0.28370 0.14185 0.09326 0.07093 0.05674

8 68.35 34.175 0.31525 0.15763 0.10508 0.07881 0.06305

Puncak 2

(deg.)



(deg.) (Sin

2 _{)/6 (Sin}2 _{)/A s h k l}

1 21.85 10.925 0.00598 1.00000 1 1 0 0

2 31.10 15.550 0.01197 2.00099 2 1 1 0

3 38.30 19.150 0.01792 2.99629 3 1 1 1

4 44.55 22.275 0.02392 4.00063 4 2 0 0

5 50.15 25.075 0.02991 5.00111 5 2 1 0

6 55.30 27.650 0.03586 5.99663 6 2 1 1

7 64.40 32.200 0.04663 7.79756 8 2 2 0

8 68.35 34.175 0.05254 8.78626 9 3 0 0

untuk memperoleh nilai konstanta kisi dengan

menggunakan hubungan . Jadi nilai konstanta kisi

struktur kubuk untuk material PZT

doping

1,08 %

Ta

₂

O

₅

) diperoleh sebesar :

(1)

,

sin

2







d

(2)

where : d = interplanar spacing; a, b, c = the lattice constants; h, k, l = the planes indices; _ = wave length (Cu element = 1.54056 Å); _ = angle of diffraction,  = h2 + k2;  = l2;

 = 10 sin22; A = D/10; B = 2/(4c2); C = 2/(4a2); A, B, C =

numeric number. We carry out A, B, C using Cramer method.

.

1

2 2 2 2 2 2

c

l

a

k

h

d







Cohen method for tetragonal

Cohen method for tetragonal

2 2

2 2

2 2

sin ,

sin , ,

sin ,

C B A

C B A

C B A

No Puncak h k l 2   2 

1. 1 0 0 21,6 10,80 1 1 0

2. 1 1 0 31,5 15,75 2 4 0

3. 1 1 1 38,8 19,40 2 4 1

4. 2 0 0 44,7 22,35 4 16 0

5. 2 1 0 50,2 25,10 5 25 0

6. 2 1 1 55,4 27,70 5 25 1

7. 2 2 0 65,2 32,60 8 64 0

8. 3 0 0 70,2 35,10 9 81 0

9. 3 1 0 73,6 36,80 10 100 0

 ₃₂₀

No 

2 _{ } Sin22_ Sin2_  _2

1. 0 0 0,1355157 0,0351118 1,355157 1,836450

2. 0 0 0,2730048 0,0736799 2,730048 7,453159

3. 1 2 0,3926323 0,1103310 3,926323 15,41602

4. 0 0 0,4947641 0,1446003 4,947641 24,47915

5. 0 0 0,5902596 0,1799452 5,902596 34,84064

6. 1 5 0,6775535 0,2160781 6,775535 45,90787

7. 0 0 0,8240600 0,2902740 8,240600 67,90748

8. 0 0 0,8852566 0,3306310 8,852566 78,36793

9. 0 0 0,9202833 0,3588293 9,202833 84,69214

No      sin

2_{  sin}2_{  sin}2_

1. 0 1,355157 0,0351118 0 0,0475819

2. 0 5,460095 0,1473598 0 0,2011497

3. 3,926323 7,852647 0,2206620 0,1103310 0,4331953

4. 0 19,79056 0,5784011 0 0,7154302

5. 0 29,51298 0,8997258 0 1,0621435

6. 6,775535 33,87767 1,0803906 0,2160781 1,4640449

7. 0 65,92480 2,3221917 0 2,3920314

8. 0 79,67310 2,9756794 0 2,9269332

9. 0 92,02833 3,5882927 0 3,3022459

11,847815

320

7

335, 475300

0,3264091

7

2

10, 701858

.

12,5447559 335, 475300

10,701858

360,900800

C

B

A

C

B

A

C

B

A





























Untuk memperoleh bilangan numerik A, B, C dipecahkan dengan metode Cramer, maka diperoleh bilangan numerik

C = 0,0035726585 dan B = 0,035501007.

Selanjutnya diperoleh konstanta kisi PZT doping 1 % Ta₂O₅ (PTZT) untuk :

a = _Cu/(2_C) = 1,54056/(2_0,035726585) = 4,075 Å;

No Puncak h k l 2   2 

1. 1 0 0 21.85

2. 1 1 0 31,10

3. 1 1 1 38,35

4. 2 0 0 44,55

5. 2 1 0 50,15

6. 2 1 1 55,30

7. 2 2 0 64,40

8. 3 0 0 68,35

9. 3 1 0 73,10



Pekerjaan Rumah ke -2

No 

2 _{ } Sin22_ Sin2_  _2

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

No      sin

2_{  sin}2_{  sin}2_

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.