PHONOLOGICAL ACQUISITION IN PRONOUNCING
INDONESIAN CONSONANT WORDS BY TWO YEAR OLD
CHILDREN
SKRIPSI
FIFI ULAIMAH
NIM: 20111111071
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA
PHONOLOGICAL ACQUISITION IN PRONOUNCING
INDONESIAN CONSONANT WORDS BY TWO YEAR OLD
CHILDREN
SKRIPSI
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Sarjana of English Department Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University
Surabaya
FIFI ULAIMAH
NIM: 20111111071
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN
Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Fifi Ulaimah
NIM : 20111111071 Program Studi : Bahasa Inggris Fakultas : Pendidikan
Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa skripsi yang saya tulis ini benar-benar merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambilalihan
tulisan atau pikiran orang lain yang saya akui sebagai hasil tulisan atau pikiran saya sendiri.
Apabila kemudian terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa skripsi ini hasil
jiplakan, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut sesuai peraturan yang berlaku.
Surabaya, 25 Juni 2015
Yang membuat pernyataan,
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL PAGE
This skripsi of Fifi Ulaimah is approved by the advisor for examination on June 25, 2015.
Advisors Signature Date
I. Drs. Wijayadi, M.Pd. ………….. ……
II. Waode Hamsia, S.Pd., M.Pd. ………….. ……
Head of English Education Department Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that this skripsi entitled “Phonological Acquisition in
Pronouncing Indonesian Consonant Words by Two Year Old Children” has been
approved by the Board of Examiners as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd) in English Education Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya.
The Board of Examiners Signature Date
I. Drs. Wijayadi, M.Pd. ………… ……
II. Dr. Dwijani Ratnadewi, M.Pd. ………… ……
III. Sofi Yunianti, S.S., M.Pd. ………… ……
The Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah. That is the first word I would like to say to my greatest Lord, Allah Swt. for giving me strength to finish my skripsi. He is the one who
always there for me whenever I need. He is the one who always watch me at the day, and guide me at night. He is the one whom I turn every time I felt alone in the mid of the crowd. I probably never finish my skripsi, without His bless and
kindness. Later on, I would like to send my deepest thanks to my Skripsi Advisors who are Drs. Wijayadi, M.Pd. and Waode Hamsia, S.Pd., M.Pd. Thank you for
being so patient in facing me. Thank you for reading my skripsi. Thank you for correcting it. I know it disturbs your life lately and make you busy by reading my skripsi. For that, I can only say really sorry.
Next, my greatest thanks go to my family, they are mother, husband and my son, Ach. Chubaib Lubbawy. For mother who always prays for me, I believe it
will not be enough for me, no matter how many thanks I say, to pay your love to me. In the future, I promise I will make your smile wider than now. For my husband, there’s nothing to say except a huge thanks for your support and for my
little son, just promises me that you will always face the world with your reciting of Quran.
Surabaya, 25th June 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INSIDE COVER PAGE ... i
INSIDE TITLE PAGE ... ii
THESIS ADVISOR’S APPROVAL PAGE ... iii
THESIS EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL PAGE ... iv
DECLARATION PAGE ... v
MOTTO ... vi
DEDICATION PAGE ... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEEMENT ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
LIST OF TABLES ... xi
ABSTRACT ... xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1. Background of the Study ... 1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ... 4
1.3. Purpose of the Study ... 5
1.4. Significance of the Study ... 5
1.5. Scope and Limitation ... 5
1.6. Definition of Key Terms ... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 8
2.1. First Language Acquisition ... 8
2.2. Child of Phonology ... 10
2.3. Articulatory Phonetic Theory ... 12
2.3.1. Manner of Articulation ... 13
2.3.2. Place of Articulation ... 14
2.4. Phonological Process ... 15
2.4.1 Substitution Process ... 16
2.4.3. Syllable Structure Processes ... 20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ... 22
3.1. Research Design ... 22
3.2. Population and Sample of the Research ... 23
3.3. The Data Source and Data ... 24
3.4 Technique of the Data Collection ... 24
3.4. Technique of Data Analysis ... 25
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSS ... 28
4.1. Research Findings ... 28
4.1.1. Substitution Process ... 28
4.1.2. Assimilatory Process ... 36
4.1.3. Syllable Structure Process ... 38
4.2 Discussion ... 41
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 46
5.1. Conclusion ... 46
5.2. Suggestion ... 47
REFERENCES ... 49
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.2.1 Indonesian Consonants ... 12
Process 3.1 Technique of the Data ... 26
Table 3.2 The Data of Phonological Process ... 26
Table 4.1. Table of Substitution Process-Stopping ... 29
Table 4.2. Substitution Process-Fronting ... 30
Table 4.3. Substitution Process-Gliding ... 31
Table 4.4. Substitution Process of Alveolar ... 33
Table 4.5. Substitution Process of Stop ... 34
Table 4.6. Substitution Process of Retroflex ... 35
Table 4.7. Assimilatory Process-Consonant Harmony-Velar Assimilation... 36
Table 4.8. Assimilatory Process-Consonant Harmony- Denasalization ... 37
Table 4.9. Syllable Structure Process-Cluster Reduction ... 38
Table 4.10. Syllable Structure Process-Deletion of Final Consonant ... 39
Table 4.11. Syllable Structure Process-Deletion of Unstressed Syllables ... 40
Table 4.12. Syllable Structure Process-Deletion of Reduplication ... 40
REFERENCES
Akmajian, Adrian et al. 2001. Linguistics; An Introduction to Language and Communication. United States of America: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Bickford, Anita C. and Floyd, Rick 2006. Articulatory Phonetics: Tools for Analyzing the World's Languages. United States of America: International Academic Bookstore.
Bybee, Joan. 2004. Phonology and Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Clark, Eve V. 2009. First Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Creswell, John W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Boston: University of Nebraska
Field, John. 2004. Psycholinguistics; the Key Concepts. London and New York: Taylor and Francis Group.
Fletcher, Paul, and Garman, Michael. 1997. Language Acquisition: Studies in First Language Development. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.
Fromkin, Victoria et al. 2003. An Introduction to Language (7th ed.). Wadsworth: Thomson Corporation.
Fernández, Eva M. and Cairns, Helen S. 2011. Fundamentals of Psycholinguistics. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell.
Ingram, David. 1989. First Language Acquisition: Method, Description, and Explanation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kreidler, Charles W. 2004. The pronunciation of English: a course book. the United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing
Ladefoged, Peter. 2010. A Course in Phonetics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Lust, Barbara. 2006. Child Language Acquisition and Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lacy, Paul de. 2007. The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lowe, Michelle. 2007. Beginning Research a Guide for Foundation Degree Students. New York: Routledge
McMahon, April. 2002. An Introduction to English Phonology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
Muslich, Masnur. 2011. Fonologi Bahasa Indonesia; Tinjauan Deskriptif Sistem Bunyi Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara
Rahmah, Fetty M. 2011. Thesis: Phonological Process Made on Consonant
Sound by Two Year Old Children. Surabaya: Muhammadiyah University.
Yule, George. 2010. The Study of Language (4thed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yuwana, Brawis Mada. 2009. Thesis: Phonological Process in A Two Year Old
