SOME METAPHORS IN
“
CROSSING THE BAR
”
BY ALFRED LORD TENNYSON
SKRIPSI
BY
MILLATUL ISMI
NIM: 20111111102
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY AT SURABAYA
SOME METAPHORS IN “CROSSING THE BAR”
BY ALFRED LORD TENNYSON
SKRIPSI
Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat
Memperoleh GELAR SARJANA PENDIDIKAN
MILLATUL ISMI
NIM: 20111111102
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY AT SURABAYA
PERNYATAAN TIDAK MELAKUKAN PLAGIAT
Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:
Nama : MILLATUL ISMI
NIM : 20111111102
Program Sudi : Bahasa Inggris Fakultas : FKIP
Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa skripsi yang saya tulis ini benar – benar merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambilalihan tulisan atau pikiran orang lain yang saya akui sebagai hasil tulisan atau pikiran saya sendiri.
Apabila kemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa skripsi ini hasil jiplakan, saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut sesuai peraturan yang berlaku.
Surabaya, 25th of June 2015 Yang membuat pernyataan,
APPROVAL PAGE
Skripsi by Millatul Ismi had approved by boards of examiners as skripsi for the Sarjana Pendidikan Examination on June 25th, 2015.
Boards of Examiners Signature Date
1. Dr. Ahmad Idris Asmaradhani, M.Pd ………. ………..
2. Drs. Achmad Fathoni, S.pd., M.Pd ……… ………..
Chairman of English Department Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University at Surabaya
RATIFICATION
Accepted by the Boards of Examiners of partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in English University of Muhammadiyah Surabaya, on June 25th, 2015.
The Dean of English Department Teaching Training and Education Faculty
Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya,
Dr. M. Ridlwan, M. Pd.
No Boards of Examiners Signature Date
I. Dr. Ahmad Idris Asmaradhani, M.Pd ... ...
II. Dra. Mas’ulah, MA ... ...
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In this opportunity, firstly, thanks to Allah SWT who has been giving me some mercy and blessing for completing this research by the title “Some Metaphors in
“Crossing the Bar” by Alfred Lord Tennyson”. Secondly, may Sholawat and Salam be
upon to our Prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the darkness to the lightness of Islam.
I want to regard and thank for people who has given guidance and helped.
1. Dr. M. Ridwan, M.Pd. as my dean of English Department Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University at Surabaya.
2. Mrs. Linda Mayasari, S.Pd, M.Pd. as the head of English study program of University Muhammadiyah of Surabaya.
3. Dr. Ahmad Idris Asmaradhani, M.Pd as first advisor and Drs. Achmad Fathoni, S.Pd, M.Pd as second advisor who has given me patiently to finish my research. 4. All lectures of Muhammadiyah University at Surabaya who has been kwoledge. 5. My beloved parents who always pray and support me.
6. All my friends who give me some suggestions to finish this thesis.
Finally, I hope this thesis will be valuable, I realize this thesis is not perfect. Therefore, I need critics and suggestion to make this thesis more reliable and valid. Surabaya, 10 June 2015
Millatul Ismi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Review of Related Theory ... 7
2.1.3.1.3 Conventional Metaphor ... 15
2.1.3.1.4 Extended Metaphor... 16
2.1.3.1.5 Root Metaphor ... 16
2.1.3.1.7 Submerged Metaphor ... 17
2.1.3.1.8 Mixed Metaphor ... 17
2.1.3.1.9 Therapeutic Metaphor... 18
2.1.3.1.10 Absolute Metaphor ... 19
2.1.4 “Crossing the Bar” ... 19
2.2 Review of Previous Study ... 20
CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Nature of the Research ... 22
3.2 The Source of the Data ... 23
3.3 The Selection of the Data ... 23
3.4. The Data Analysis ... 24
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis ... 25
4.2 Data Discussion ... 26
4.2.1 The Types Metaphors are used in “Crossing the Bar” Poetry .. 26
4.2.1.1 Dead Metaphor ... 27
4.2.1.2 Extended Metaphor... 28
4.2.1.3 Primary Metaphor ... 32
4.2.1.4 Visual Metaphor ... 33
4.2.1.5 Root Metaphor ... 34
4.2.1.6 Absolute Metaphor ... 36
4.2.1.7 Therapeutic Metaphor... 37
4.2.1.8 Submerged Metaphor ... 39
4.2.1.9 Conventional Metaphor ... 40
4.2.2 The Contribution Metaphors to the Message in “Crossing the Bar” ... 43
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION
5.1 Conclusion ... 50
APPENDIX... 51
LIST OF APPENDIX
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