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MIXED ANTIOXIDANT DRINK FROM Clitoria ternatea, Hibiscus sabdariffa, AND Ipomoea tricolor FLOWER EXTRACTS

By Stephanie Bun

14211031

BACHELOR’S DEGREE in

FOOD TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY EduTown BSD City

Tangerang 15339 Indonesia

August 2016

Revision After the Thesis Defense on 26th July 2016.

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Stephanie Bun STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.

Stephanie Bun

____________________________________________

Student Date

Approved by:

Ir. Abdullah Muzi Marpaung, MP

____________________________________________

Thesis Advisor Date

Della Rahmawati, S.Si, M.Si.

____________________________________________

Thesis Co-Advisor Date

Dr. Dipl. –Ing. Samuel P Kusumocahyo

____________________________________________

Dean Date

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MIXED ANTIOXIDANT DRINK FROM Clitoria ternatea, Page 3 of 69

Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Ipomoea tricolor FLOWER EXTRACT

Stephanie Bun ABSTRACT

MIXED ANTIOXIDANT DRINK FROM Clitoria ternatea, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Ipomoea tricolor FLOWER EXTRACTS

By Stephanie Bun

Ir. Abdullah Muzi Marpaung, MP, Advisor Della Rahmawati , S.Si, M.Si, Co-Advisor

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY

Clitoria ternatea, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Ipomoea tricolor are known for their functional properties as antioxidant activity due to their anthocyanins content which is responsible for the color intensity. The objective of this study was to develop mixed antioxidant drink in the form of Ready-To-Drink beverage from C. ternatea, H.

sabdariffa and I. tricolor flower extracts that resulted in good sensory acceptance.

The development of mixed antioxidant drink resulted in an optimum formula of 46.67 ml H. sabdariffa, 37.50 ml I. tricolor and 15.82 ml C.ternatea flower extracts with 10% sugar (w/v) and pH 3.0 conditions. This formula scored 7 in hedonic test which means “liked” by the panelists. The combination of flower extracts also proven to give more stable color compared to single flower extract by having lower k-value when it was stored at accelerated condition (45° C). The mixed antioxidant drink product has a good stability in regard to antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total anthocyanins content and color intensity on both refrigerator and room temperatures. However it is highly recommended to store the drink in low temperature to maintain the functional properties.

Keywords: Anthocyanins, Antioxidant drink, Clitoria ternatea, Ipomoea tricolor, Hibiscus sabdariffa stability.

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Stephanie Bun

© Copyright 2016 by Stephanie Bun All rights reserved

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MIXED ANTIOXIDANT DRINK FROM Clitoria ternatea, Page 5 of 69

Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Ipomoea tricolor FLOWER EXTRACT

Stephanie Bun DEDICATION

I dedicated this work for God, my family especially my mother (Fenny Contesta) and grandpa (Harijanto Hadiwidjaja), and Indonesia.

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Stephanie Bun ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all I would like to thank Jesus Christ for all of His uncountable blessings for me. His blessings really ease my way during my thesis work period. I would also like to thank my beloved family for their unlimited support, help, encouragement and unconditional love.

To my advisor and co-advisor, Mr. Abdullah Muzi Marpaung and Mrs. Della Rahmawati, deepest gratitude for the guidance, support, inspiration, motivation and help during my thesis work especially thank you for the enlighten when I met a dead end. I would like to also thank Ms. Listya for the help and patience in answering my questions.

I would like to deliver special thanks for other lectures that helped me to conquer my problems, Mr. Agung for every update of thesis information, and staffs of Swiss German University.

To my dearest friends; Elsie Angelina, Gracia Stephanie, Christine Suwandy, Stefani Djunaidi, William Juhadi, Arthur Jonathan, Eveline, and Sarah Andita thank you for the kindness, help, support, motivation, and craziness. To my fellow anthocyanins thesis topic; Swanty Rahmazania, Theresa Mahamaya, Bernadetha Prisca, Darinda Pusha, and Eufrasia Michelle thank you for the valuable knowledge and time.

Jakarta, 12th June 2016 Stephanie Bun

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MIXED ANTIOXIDANT DRINK FROM Clitoria ternatea, Page 7 of 69

Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Ipomoea tricolor FLOWER EXTRACT

Stephanie Bun TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR ... 2

ABSTRACT ... 3

DEDICATION ... 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... 7

LIST OF FIGURES ... 9

LIST OF TABLES ... 10

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ... 11

1.1. Background ... 11

1.2. Research Problems ... 12

1.3. Research Objectives ... 13

1.4. Significance of Study ... 13

1.5. Research Questions ... 13

1.6. Hypothesis ... 14

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW ... 15

2.1 Clitoria ternatea ... 15

2.2 Hibiscus sabdariffa ... 16

2.3 Ipomoea tricolor ... 17

2.4 Ready-To-Drink Beverages... 18

2.5 Anthocyanins ... 19

2.5 Stability of Anthocyanins ... 20

2.5.1 pH ... 21

2.5.2 Temperature... 22

2.5.3 Light ... 22

2.5.4 Sugar ... 22

CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODS ... 23

3.1. Venue and Time ... 23

3.2. Materials and Equipment ... 23

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Stephanie Bun

3.2.2 Equipment ... 23

3.3 Design of Experiment ... 24

3.4 Flow Chart ... 25

3.5 Analytical Analysis ... 26

3.5.1 Antioxidant Activity ... 26

3.5.2 Color Intensity ... 26

3.5.3 Total Phenolic Content ... 27

3.5.4 Total Anthocyanins Content ... 27

3.5.5 Sensory Analysis ... 28

3.5.7 Shelf Life Analysis ... 28

CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 30

4.1 Preliminary Research (Stage 1)... 30

4.1.1 Selection of Extracts ... 31

4.2 Flower Ratio Formulation For Mixed Antioxidant Drink (Stage 2) ... 32

4.2.1 Formulation Using Mixture Design ... 32

4.2.2 Selection of Formula (Best Flower Ratio Formula)... 33

4.3 Development of Mixed Antioxidant Drink Formulation (Stage 3) ... 35

4.3.1 Hedonic sensory test ... 35

4.3.2 Hedonic sensory test result ... 35

4.4 Stability Test and Shelf Life Determination... 36

4.4.1 Stability of single flower extracts ... 36

4.4.2. Stability of mixed antioxidant drink. ... 39

4.4.2.1 Antioxidant activity ... 39

4.4.2.2 Total Phenolic Content ... 40

4.2.2.3 Total Anthocyanins Content ... 40

4.2.2.4 Color Intensity ... 41

CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS ... 43

5.1 Conclusions ... 43

5.2 Recommendations ... 43

REFERENCES ... 44

APPENDICES...49

CURRICULUM VITAE...68

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