DESIGN OF DIGITAL HANGING SCALES FOR OIL PALM PLANTATION
Pringgo W. Laksono
1,a, Roni Zakaria
1,b, Pandu S. Nugroho
1,c1Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret Unversity Surakarta,
Indonesia
apringgo@ft.uns.ac.id, b2012.ibnu@gmail.com, cpandusandito@gmail.com
Keywords: consumer requirements, concepts design, digital hanging scales, morphological chart, weighted criteria, palm oil scale
Abstract. Indonesia produces about 44% of world’s palm oil. This is supported by the palm
plantation area owned by Indonesia reached 9.2 million hectares, or twice as large as Malaysian palm oil. With large oil palm area, controlling process will be difficult to do and causing the chance of weighing data manipulation which make a loss for stakeholders of oil palm plantations. To minimize the chances of weighing data manipulation, this research aims to generate design of digital scale according to the needs of stakeholders in the oil palm plantations. Based on consumer requirement, this research has generated several concepts are combined with morphological chart. By using weighted criteria, a design of digital scale has selected from several concepts. This study also complements the selected concept by the architecture design, which aims to describe the physical and functions of the components of the product and also the relationship between the components. The final design makes the digital scale capable to send weighing data and location using GSM module, which can minimize the possibility of weighing data manipulation.
Introduction
Indonesia produces about 44% to 47% of palm oil production worldwide [1, 2]. One of the factors that make Indonesia able to dominate the world market of palm oil is the palm plantations owned by Indonesia is very large, which is estimated at around 9.2 million hectares, or twice the area of land owned by Malaysia [2 – 5]. In the other hand, the productivity of the Indonesian palm plantations is still low because the land is owned by Indonesia reaches twice the land area of Malaysia but the number of total production was only about 2 million tons of production [6, 7].
With a very large plantations, Indonesia should have accurate data about the productivity of the land to determine the policies relating to the stability of the need for renewable energy supply. In fact, there are still problems in the management of oil palm harvesting of data that is the weighing data manipulation lands production of palm oil. PTPN V identifies a decrease in the production of palm oil between 15-20 tons per day or lose a profit of 60 billion per year as a result of weighing data manipulation [8]. The data manipulation performed by the interpreter weigh indicated by reducing the weighing results of actual data. It reduces the income that land managers will lower interest land managers in managing oil palm land that would adversely affect the efforts to maintain the productivity of oil palm land.
Currently palm plantation in Indonesia is generally managed by a third party, are PTPN (State), processing plants (Private), and civil society groups. Land management, especially in the weighing process is still done manually with less supervision. With this kind of process weighing, weighing data manipulation is still very possible to do so that the mechanism which can reduce the possibility of manipulation of weighing data. This study intends to create a mechanism that can prevent the manipulation of weighing data.
This research was conducted with approaches as shown as by Fig. 1. First step of this research is identify costumers requirements. Customer requirements obtained from interviews with the owners of oil palm plantation. There are 10 owners of oil palm plantation who became respondents
.
Customer requirement is converted into a technical solution for the preparation of the draft. Technical solution obtained with the focus group discussion by experts. In addition, also conducted benchmarking with competitors' products. Once arranged several concepts, it will be filtered and made an assessment of the concept. After getting the results will be made product schemeStart
First step of this research is identify costumers requirements. Customer requirements obtained from interviews with the owners of oil palm plantation. Customer requirement is converted into a technical solution to generate several alternatives concept. By using weighted criteria, a design of digital scale has selected from several concepts. After the concept has selected, this study continued and finished by architecture design of digital hanging scale.
Identify Costumer Needs
Identify customer needs done by organizing focus group discussions with researchers and interviewed consumers who use hanging scales. Customers who responded to the interview is the consumers who use hanging scales for plantations. The result of costumer requirement is shown at Table 1.
Table 1 Costumer Requirements
No. Costumer Requirements
1 I want to look back on weighing has been done 2 Can be integrated with computer
3 I want the operator does not need to record the weighing results 4 I want the operator can not play the numbers hasi weighing 5 Hanging scales must be waterproof
6 Hanging scales do not have to frequently replace the battery
7 Hanging scales should be easy to use so the operator does not need to learn more 8 Scales used must be durable
9 It would be easier if you do not need to replace the battery 10 I need to know the weighing being performed
Concept Preparation
Conceptualization stage will be divided into four steps, namely are internal and external searches, description of the function of the product, and morphological chart. Here are the stages of Conceptualization.
Internal search
The Internal search conducted to extend the ideas to find a solution of the identification of customer needs. Internal search conducted by a discussion with the parties within the team
environment.
Table 2 Internal Search
1 I want to look back on weighing has been done Weighing data can be stored and recalled
2 Can be integrated with computer Using a USB or RS232 port
3 I want the operator does not need to record the weighing results Weighing data directly sent to the management computer via gsm 4 I want the operator can not play the numbers hasi weighing Weighing data directly sent to the management computer via gsm 5 Hanging scales must be waterproof tool material made of waterproof material
6 Hanging scales do not have to frequently replace the battery Battery capacity is increased or using an internal battery
7 Hanging scales should be easy to use Simple interface (just turn on the switch and instantly ready for use)
8 Scales used must be durable strong casing material selection
9 It would be easier if you do not need to replace the battery Used internal battery
10 I need to know the weighing being performed Added GPS module to define the location of the weighing
External search
External search as well as benchmarking with competitors' products or products that have the same goal. External search is the process of collecting information which aim to explore the existing information about competitors' products. Benchmarking carried out on the product Crane Scale Metrology MT2000 series and Kenkko KK-300H. This product is used as a benchmark because of the features of this product is very diverse.
Description Function
Hanging scales will be designed that when palm oil was weighed, number of weighing results will appear and then weighing results will be stored into the data logger along with the location of weighing defined by the GPS module. Data will be stored until the weighing has been done up to 1 batch. 1 batch consists of several times the weighting that will be adjusted to cluster the plantation itself. After weighing up to 1 batch, then the weighing data and location coordinates will be sent via GSM module to the management computer. This cycle will be repeated until the weighing is completed. And after the completion of all the data that has been in the record, hanging scales will send the number of times the weighing is done.
Start morphological chart for the combined. Morphological chart is a list or summary of the analysis of the changes in a systematic form to find out how the shape of the product is made.
Fig. 3 Morphological Chart
Concept Selection
I II III
1 Scales Form Fused Separate
2 Display LCD LED
3 Data Sending GSM Signal Wifi Signal
4 Data Storage Raspberry Pi Data Logger
5 Capacity of Memory 512Mb 1Gb 2Gb
6 Battery T ype Rechargeable Nonrechargeable Built-In/Internal Rechargeable
7 Combining Port Port RS 232 Direct Communication USB
8 Define Location Modul GPS
Alternative Function
The selection concept which will come out to be the best solution, there are two steps that must be performed for screening and assessment concepts. Filtering concept is that the evaluation process is approximate aiming to narrow the alternatives. The concept selection is a concept analysis to select one of the concepts that allow to bring success to a product.
Filtering Concept
Selection matrix is used for filtering concept. The criteria that will be used is taken from the customer's needs and also judgment of the research team. To perform filtering concept, which previously had to be determined concepts that will be used as a reference. The concept will be used as a reference is the concept II.
After filtering concept, obtained three concepts that are considered the most good. Of the three existing concepts will be assessed with weighted criteria aimed to select the best concept. Determination of criteria weights are determined by consideration of the opinion research team consumer needs.
Table 4 Assesment Concept
Weighted Criteria
Concept fIltered
I II III
Selection Criteria Weight Rating Score Rating Score Rating Score
Ease to be made 25% 4 1 3 0,75 3 0,75
Product architecture is functional assignment elements of the product to a collection of buildings (physical building blocks) [9]. The purpose of the product architecture is outlining the basic physical components of a product, the function of the components in the product and the relationship of each component in the architecture phase of the product, there are several steps that need to be done is to make the scheme of products and grouping elements contained in the scheme products. The following explanation of the stages of product architecture that has been done
Product Scheme
Once the best solution concept has been established, then the concept converted into a scheme that functions more detail. The scheme will be described in the block diagrams and flow charts function.
The main components of this tool is the load cell. The function of the size of the load cell to convert weight into electrical voltage. The output of the load cell in the form of electrical voltage which will be transferred to the analog to digital converter for conversion of voltage into a digital signal that can be processed in the microcontroller. From the data microcontroller weighing results already in the form of a digital signal in the display to the LCD display. Once the data is weighing results are stored in the data logger along with location data that is defined by weighing the GPS module. After weighing data and location data is collected weighing, GSM module will send data to the management computer that has been prepared short messages service gateway.
Summary
The design concept of digital-based weighting to oil palm plantations has been done by generating a concept proposal is an alternative design concept 3 to form these scales will be made incorporated with the LCD screen displays. Data transmission will use the GSM signal. Data storage media will be using the data logger with a capacity of 2GB. The battery will be used to recharge. For additional connection module using direct communication without using the port. While to define the location of weighing keep using the GPS module. The design concept has a function that can store data of weighing results into a data logger and send data through the weighing result of the GSM signal. The concept is also possible to define the location coordinates weighing using GPS module so that management can determine where the weighing is done.
References
[1] D.I. Maryanie, W. Sutopo, and Yuniaristanto: A Holistic Feasiblilty Study Framework to Determine Valueable Chain in Palm Oil Industry, Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering, Vol .1, London, U.K. (2013)
[2] The Ministry of Coordinating Economic Affairs the Republic of Indonesia, The Master Plan For Acceleration And Expansion On Indonesian’s Economic Development (MP3EI), The Ministry of Coordinating Economic Affairs the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta (2011)
[3] United States Department of Agriculture, Palm Oil Productions Growth to continue, Indonesia 2009
[4] Serikat Petani Kelapa Sawit Sanggau, Fulfill Companies’ Commitment to Respect Human Rights and Best Practices for Indigenuous Peoples, Farmers and Labourers (2010)
[5] H. Norihan,Mail an den Verfasser vom15.9 (2010)
[6] United States Department of Agriculture, Oilseeds : World Market and Trade, Circular Series FOP, 2010
[7] Toepfer International, Statistical Information About The Grain and Feedstuff Market, (2009)
[8] Informtion on http://www.bisnis.com
