III. K E T E R A N G A N P R O G R A M
III. 1. S I S T I H P R O G R A M P A D A T U R B O P A S C A L
P a d a s e t i a p p e m r o g r a m a n derigan baJiasa T u r b o P a s c a l t e r - lebitL d a h u l u h a r u s d i d e K l a r a s i R a n v a r i a b e l - v a r i a b e l y a n g a k a n d i g u n a k a n d i d a l a m p r o g r a m . V a r i a b e 1 - v a r l a b e l i t u b i s a b e r u p a konstan-ta, real, i n t e g e r , b o o l e a n , dll. V a r i a b e l y a n g t i d a k d i d e k l a r a s i k a n t i d a k a k a n d i k e n a l dal a m p r o g r a m ( U n k n o w n I d e n t i f i e r ) d a n p r o s e s " c o m p i l i n g " a k a n t e r h e n t i .
P r o g r a m ini d i b u a t s e d e m i k i a n r u p a s e h i n g g a m u d a h u n t u k d i p a k a i d a n d i s e s u a i k a n u n t u k t u j u a n p e n d i d i k a n . P r o g r a m d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n baliasa T u r b o P a s c a l ini s a n g a t s i s t i m a t i s k a r e n a b e n t u k n y a y a n g s a n g a t t e r s t r u k t u r \ D e n g a n a d a n y a s i s t i m ini, k e m u n g k i n a n p e n g e m b a n g a n / p e r l u a s a n p r o g r a m a k a n l e b i h mudali. A d a p u n g a r i s b e s a r s i s t i m p r o g r a m p a d a T u r b o P a s c a l ini d a p a t d i l i h a t dal a m g a m b a r 3. la.
J u d u l P r o g r a m D e k l a r a s i V a r i a b e l P r o c e d u r e - p r o c e d u r e
P r o g r a m U t a m a
G a m b a r 3, la
K a p a s i t a s m a K s i m u m u n t u K m e n u l i s s u a t u p r o g r a m d e n g a n T u r b o P a s c a l d i b a t a s i 6 4 KB, s e d a n g K a n p r o g r a m ini lebili d a r i 6 4 K B (kl. 120 KB). U n t u k m e n g a t a s i lial ini d i d a l a m T u r b o P a s c a l V 4. 0 d i s e d i a k a n f a s i l i t a s y a n g d i n a m a k a n Unit. D e n g a n f a s i l i t a s ini s u a t u p r o g r a m b e s a r d a p a t d i b a g i m e n j a d i b e b e r a p a Unit, d i m a n a m a s i n g - m a s i n g U n i t m e m p u n y a i b a t a s a n m a k s i m u m 6 4 KB.
S t r u k t u r U n i t h a m p i r s a m a d e n g a n s t r u k t u r p r o g r a m , t e t a p i m e m p u n y a i b e b e r a p a p e r b e d a a n ( l i h a t Ref. No. 5. B a b 4).
s t r u k t u r U n i t a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
U n i t { I d e n t i f i e r ] ; I n t e r f a c e
U s e s { l i s t o f u n i t s ) ; { P u b l i c d e c l a r a t i o n s J I m p l e m e n t a t i o n
{ P r i v a t e d e c l a r a t i o n s ) { P r o c e d u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s ] B e g i n
{ I n i t i a l i z a t i o n code]
End.
Gambar 3. lb
III. 1. 1. V a r i a b e l - V a r i a b e l <3i d a l a m P r o g r a m
D a f t a r v a r i a b e l - v a r i a b e l y a n g d i g u n a R a n dal a m p e m r o g r a m - a n ini a d a l a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
A C [ . ] A E [ , ] A J [ . ] A M [ . . ] A M D [ , ]
A H L [ . , A R [ , ] A X [ ] CX[ ] CY[ ] D D
D F [ . ]
DJ[ , ]
D M ax
E E L [ ] H
ID IH
B e b a n J o i n t g a b u n g a n (Searali s u m b u s i s t i m ) B e b a n J o i n t e R i v a l e n ( S e a r a h s u m b u s i s t i m ) B e b a n p a d a j o i n t (Searah. s u m b u s i s t i m )
G a y a a k h i r p a d a u j u n g - u j u n g b a t a n g
G a y a p a d a u J u n g - u J u n g b a t a n g a K i b a t d i s p l a c e m e n t p a d a J o i n t
: G a y a p a d a u J u n g - u J u n g b a t a n g y a n g d i r e s t r a i n t
; R e a k s i p e r l e t a k a n (Searati s u m b u s i s t i m ) : L u a s p e n a m p a n g b a t a n g
: C o s i n u s a r a n X b a t a n g : C o s i n u s a r a n Y b a t a n g
: G a y a g e s e r t i a p p o t o n g a n p a d a b a t a n g
; P e r p i n d a h a n j o i n t y a n g t i d a k d i r e s t r a i n t (Searah. s u m b u s i s t i m )
: P e r p i n d a h a n J o i n t u n t u k s e m u a j o i n t (Searali s u m b u s i s t i m )
: G a y a g e s e r p o t o n g a n m a k s i m u m u n t u k s e m u a si s t e m p e m b e b a n a n
M o d u l u s e l a s t i s i t a s b a t a n g P a n j a n g b a t a n g
J u m l a h s p a s i
I n d e x p e r p i n d a h a n u n t u k J o i n t
I n d e x p e r p i n d a l i a n u n t u k s u a t u b a t a n g
IR, IC : I n d e x baris, K o l o m ( E l e m e n m a t r i x ) J J [ ] : B a t a s u j u n g j d a r i s u a t u b a t a n g J K [ ] : B a t a s u j u n g k d a r i s u a t u b a t a n g J R L [ ] : D a f t a r j o i n t y a n g r e s t r a i n t L D [ ] : S p a s i p a d a t i a p - t i a p b a t a n g L M L [ , ] : D a f t a r b a t a n g y a n g d i b e b a n i M : J u m l a n b a t a n g
M D : J u m l a n k o o r d i n a t p e r p i n d a n a n p a d a s u a t u b a t a n g (MD - 2 )( NDJ)
M M : M o m e n t i a p p o t o n g a n p a d a b a t a n g
H M a x : M o m e n p o t o n g a n m a R s i m u m u n t u R s e l u r u h s i s t e m p e m b e b a n a n
K ; J u m l a h d e r a j at k e b e b a s a n (dof)
NB ; L e b a r semi band pada matrix KeKaKuan
N D : J u m l a n k o o r d i n a t p e r p i n d a n a n u n t u k s e m u a j o i n t (ND = N D J X NJ)
N D J : J u m l a n p e r p i n d a n a n u n t u k s a t u j o i n t N J : J u m l a n j o i n t
N L J ; J u m l a n j o i n t y a n g d i b e b a n i N L M : J u m l a n b a t a n g y a n g d i b e b a n i N L S ; J u m l a n s i s t i m p e m b e b a n a n
N H a x : G a y a n o r m a l p o t o n g a n m a k s i m u m u n t u k s e m u a s i s t e m p e m b e b a n a n
N N : G a y a n o r m a l t i a p p o t o n g a n p a d a b a t a n g N R : J u m l a n r e s t r a i n t p e r l e t a k a n
N R J : J u m l a n p e r l e t a k a n
P E Q1 Q 2 Q3 Q M a x SB, SBl S C M S F F [ ,
S M S [ , ] T
X[ ]. Y[ ] XCL[ ] XMax YCL[ ] YMax YY Z I [ ]
J u m l a h b a r i s p a d a m a t r i x R o e f i s i e n b e d a h i n g g a B e b a n s e b a r a n g t e g a K l u r u s as b a t a n g
B e b a n t e r p u s a t t e g a K l u r u s as b a t a n g B e b a n t e r p u s a t s e j a j a r as b a t a n g B e b a n s e b a r a n g m a k s i m u m
JumlaJi K o l o m p a d a m a t r i x K o e f i s i e n b e d a h i n g g a K o n s t a n t a K e k a K u a n p a d a b a t a n g
M a t r i x R e K a K u a n u n t u R J o i n t y a n g t i d a K d i r e s t r a i n t
: M a t r i x R e R a R u a n b a t a n g ( t e r h a d a p s u m b u s i s t i m ) : J u m l a n t i t i R n o d a l p a d a t i a p b a t a n g
: K o o r d i n a t X d a n Y u n t u R j o i n t : K o m p o n e n p a n j a n g b a t a n g a r a h X : A b s i s m a R s i m u m
; K o m p o n e n p a n j a n g b a t a n g arah. Y : L e n d u t a n d a n o r d i n a t m a R s i m u m
; L e n d u t a n t i a p p o t o n g a n p a d a b a t a n g : M o m e n i n e r s i a b a t a n g
P i l i h a n , P i l i h a n i , P i l i h a n 2 , P i l i h a n 3 , Pilitian4, O p t i o n , O p t i o n i , O p t i o n s , O p t i o n s d i p a R a i u n t u R m e n e n t u R a n p i l i h a n d a l a m m e n u y a n g ada.
Baca, T u l i s d i p a R a i u n t u R v a r i a b e l file.
III. 1.2. F u n g s i F r o c e d u r e - p r o c e d u r e
D i b a w a h ini a k a n d i u r a i k a n f u n g s i s e t i a p p r o c e d u r e y a n g a d a d i d a l a m p r o g r a m . A k h i r a n ‘ i ‘ m e n u n j u k k a n baliwa p r o c e d u r e t e r s e b u t u n t u k r a n g k a b a t a n g , akliiran '2' m e n u n j u k k a n p r o c e d u r e y a n g d i p a k a i u n t u k b a l o k m e n e r u s / p o r t a l , s e d a n g k a n t a n p a a k n i r a n m e n u n j u k k a n p r o c e d u r e y a n g d a p a t d i p a k a i u n t u k r a n g k a b a t a n g m a u p u n b a l o k m e n e r u s / p o r t a l .
1. P r o c e d u r e D a t a _ S t r u k t u r l
M e m a s u k k a n (Input) d a t a - d a t a s t r u k t u r , y a n g m e l i p u t i : Jumiali B a t a n g , Jumlali Joint,
Jumlali R e s t r a i n t P e r l e t a k k a n ,
J u m l a h P e r l e t a k k a n , M o d u l u s E l a s t i s , K o o r d i n a t Joint, R e s t r a i n t Joint, L u a s P e n a m p a n g B a t a n g .
2. P r o c e d u r e D a t a _ S t r u k t u r 2
S a m a d e n g a n D a t a _ S t r u k t u r i , d i t a m b a h d e n g a n i n p u t M o m e n I n e r s i a B a t a n g .
3, P r o c e d u r e P e n u l i s a n _ D a t a _ S t r u k t u r 1 P r o c e d u r e P e n u l l s a n _ D a t a _ S t r u k t u r 2
M e n u l i s d a t a - d a t a s t r u k t u r d a r i p r o c e d u r e D a t a _ S t r u k t u r 1/
p r o c e d u r e D a t a S t r u k t u r 2 k e dal a m disket.
4. P r o c e d u r e P e m b a c a a n _ D a t a _ S t r u k t u r 1 P r o c e d u r e P e m b a c a a n _ D a t a _ S t r u k t u r 2
M e m b a c a d a t a - d a t a s t r u k t u r d a r i p r o c e d u r e D a t a _ S t r u k t u r i / p r o c e d u r e D a t a _ S t r u k t u r 2 d a r i disket.
5. P r o c e d u r e P r i n t _ D a t a _ S t r u k t u r 1
M e n a m p i l k a n d a t a s t r u k t u r d a r i p r o c e d u r e D a t a _ S t r u k t u r 1 k e layar.
6. P r o c e d u r e S D a t a l P r o c e d u r e S D a t a S
M e n g h i t u n g d i s p l a c e m e n t c o m p o n e n t s e m u a joint.
• Me n g l i i t u n g jumlali d e g r e e o f fr e ed o m.
M e n g h i t u n g p a n j a n g b a t a n g , c o s i n u s arali Cx, Cy, M e n g h i t u n g l e b a r s e m i b a n d width.
M e n g a t u r j o i n t d i s p l a c e m e n t index.
7. P r o c e d u r e S t i f f l P r o c e d u r e S t i f f E
M e m D u a t m a t r i x K e k a k u a n , ( l i h a t Ref. No. l, B a b 5).
8. P r o c e d u r e B a n F a c
P r o s e s f a K t o r i s a s i m a t r i x k e k a K u a n , ( l i h a t Ref. No. 1, A p e n d i x D ) .
9. P r o c e d u r e Data_Bel)anl
M e m a s u k k a n (Input) d a t a - d a t a be b an , y a n g m e l i p u t i J u m l a n S i s t l m P e m b e b a n a n ,
JumlcLh. Joint yang dibebani,
B e b a n p a d a Joint.
10. P r o c e d u r e D a t a_ B e l) a n2
M e m a s u k k a n (Input) d a t a - d a t a beba n , y a n g m e l i p u t i Jumlati S i s t i m P e m b e b a n a n ,
J u m l a h B a t a n g y a n g d i b e b a n i , J u m l a n J o i n t y a n g d i b e b a n i ,
Jumlali t i t i k n o d a l u n t u k s e m u a b a t a n g , B e b a n p a d a B at a n g ,
B e b a n p a d a joint.
11. P r o c e d u r e P e n u l l s a n _ D a t a _ B e l ) a n l P r o c e d u r e P e n u l i s a n _ D a t a _ B e b a n E
M e n u l i s d a t a - d a t a b e b a n d a r i p r o c e d u r e D a t a _ _ B e b a n l / p r o c e d u r e D a t a _ B e b a n 2 k e dal a m d isket.
12. P r o c e d u r e P e m b a c a a n D a t a B e b a n l P r o c e d u r e P e in b a c a a n _ D a t a _ B e l 3 a n E
M e m b a c a d a t a - d a t a b e b a n d a r i p r o c e d u r e Data__Bebanl / p r o c e d u r e D a t a B e b a n 2 d a r i d isket.
13. P r o c e d u r e F r l n t _ D a t a _ B e t a n l
M e n a r n p i l k a n d a t a - d a t a b e b a n d a r i p r o c e d u r e D a t a _ B e b a n l k e layar.
14. P r o c e d u r e L D a t a 2
M e n g h i t u n g F i x e d E n d F o r c e s ( g a y a - g a y a je pit), ( l i h a t Ref. No. 1, B a b 5).
15. P r o c e d u r e L o a d s l P r o c e d u r e L o a d s 2
M e n t r a n s f e r b e b a n t i t i k e k i v a l e n ( e q u i v a l e n t j o i n t load) m e n j a d i b e b a n t i t i k g a b u n g a n ( c o m b i n e d j o i n t load),
( l i h a t Ref. No. l, B a b 5).
16. P r o c e d u r e B a n S o l
M e n y e l e s a i k a n p e r s a m a a n - p e r s a m a a n s i m u l t a n , ( l i b a t Ref.
No. 1, A p e n d i x D).
17. P r o c e d u r e E e s u l l P r o c e d u r e R e s u l 2
M en g l i i t u n g g a y a - g a y a p a d a u j u n g b a t a n g , r e a k s i p e r l e t a k - an, p e r p i n d a H a n t i t i k ( J o i n t d i s p l a c e m e n t ) , ( l i h a t Ref.
No. 1, B a b 5).
18. P r o c e d u r e H a s ! l AkliirS
M e n gt i it u ng Mo m e n , G a y a G e s e r , G a y a N o r m a l d a n L e n d u t a n p a d a t i a p nodal.
19. P r o c e d u r e P r i n t H a s l l l
M e n a j n p i l k a n t a b e l - t a b e l liasil p e r b i t u n g a n s t r u k t u r r a n g k a b a t a n g , y a n g m e l i p u t i r e a k s i p e r l e t a k a n , g a y a - g a y a b a t a n g d a n p e r p i n d a l a a n t i t i k buliul.
20. P r o c e d u r e P r i n t _ H a s i l 2
M e n a m p i l K a n t a b e l - l a b e l h a s i l p e r h i t u n g a n s t r u k t u r b a l o K rnenerus a t a u p o r t a l b i d a n g , y a n g m e l i p u t i r e a k s i p e r l e t a k a n , g a y a - g a y a akHir, r o t a s i / t r a n s l a s i p a d a m a s i n g - m a s l n g tltik, m o m e n / g a y a g e s e r / g a y a n o r m a l /
l e n d u t a n p a d a t i a p t i t l k nodal.
21. P r o c e d u r e G a m t ) a r _ S t r u K t u r 1
M e n g g a m b a r k a n s t r u k t u r r a n g k a b a t a n g d e n g a n s i s t i m p e m - b e b a n a n n y a d a n k e a d a a n t a r i k - t e k a n s e r t a p e r p i n d a n a n t i t i k b u n u l r a n g k a b a t a n g t e r s e b u t .
22. P r o c e d u r e G a m ] b a r _ S t r u K t u r 2
M e n g g a m b a r k a n s t r u k t u r b a l o k rnenerus d e n g a n s i s t i m p e m - b e b a n a n n y a s e r t a g a m b a r b i d a n g m o m e n / g a y a g e s e r / g a y a n o r m a l d a n l en d ut a n.
III. 2. D I A G R A M A L I R P R O G R A M U T A M A
G a m b a r 3. 2
D i a g r a m A l i r P r o g r a m U t a m a
Gambar 3.3
D i ag ra m Alir P r o g r a m Utama (lanjutan)
* hanya untuk balok menerus/portal bidang
III.3. DIAGRAM ALIR PROCBDURE-PROCBDURE III.3.1. Diagram Alir Procedure LData2
a. Clear Fixed End Forces
b. Clear spasi LD, hitung jumlah spasi H, jutnlah baris matrix koefisien SB, jumlah kolom matrix koefisien PE, hitung spasi LD
2y
LD(J) = 0.0
H = T-1 PE = T-2 SB == 3
J = ]L, M
LD(J) = EL(J) / H
c. Clear matrix koefisien, inengisi elemen koefisien pada upper triangular matrix
PE
J L. SB
M A T ( I , J ) = 0 . 0
M A T (1,1) = 7 MAT(PE,1) = 7
1 = 2 , PE-1
s./
- M A T (1,1) = 6
6 y--- ^/
J = 1, PE-1
MAT(J,2) = -4
-- X ^ K = 1, P E - 2 ^
MAT(K,3) = 1
d. Paktorisasi semi upper band matrix koefisien
e. Kombinasi beban s e barang Q1 dan gaya terpusat Q2 menjadi beban kombinasi Q
10.
1 = 1 , NLS
10
■ < II = 1, m ).
Q2(I,I1,0) <> 0 z >
04(1,11,0) = 0.0
04(1,11,0) = 02(I,I1,0)/(LD(I1)/2)
0 2 ( 1 , I I , H ) <> 0
0 4 ( 1 , II,H) = Q2(I,I1,H)/(LD(I1)/2)
J = 1, PE ^
I_____
Q4(I,I1,J) = 0 2 ( 1 , 1 1 , J)/LD(I1)9 _____ Sit
I--- I
91____
T
- 0 ( 1, 11 ,K) = O K I , I I , K ) + 0 4 (1 ,1 1, K)
—
I CONTINUE
f. Clear lendutan Y1
1 = 1 , NLS
lly
- X J = 1, M
1 1
Y1(I,J,K) = 0.0
g. Menyele s a i k a n persamaan simultan untuk mengh i t u n g lendutan
h. M enghitung Fixed End Forces
III.3.2. Diagram Allr Procedure Hasil_Akhir2
a. Clear momen, geser, normal, lendutan pada tiap titik nodal
b. Hitung jumlah k o l o m matrix SBl, clear matrix koefisien, mengisi elemen koefisien pada upper triangular matrix
/ SBl = 2
^ I = ;L, PE
j = 1,, SBl
\ /
M A T ( I , J ) = 0 . 0
/ __
- MAT(I,J) = 2
A \
= 1, P E - 1 ^
________ ^
MAT(I,J) = -1
c. Faktorisasi semi upper band dari matrix koefisien
d. Mengambil hasil p e r hitungan metode kekakuan sebagai beban pada perhitungan Beda Hingga
' x . l
^ .
, NLS
^ a = :L, M
N
M1(I,J,0) = AM(I,J,3)
= AM(I,J,6)
5.--- ^/ ---- K = 1, PE )>
5 ■
D1(I,J,0) = AM(I,J,2) D1(I,J,H) = AM(I,J,5)
S II = 1, PE
V
D i d , J , 11) = 0.0
--- CONTINUE
e. Kombinasi beban sebarang Ql, terpusat tegak lurus as batang Q2 dan momen Ml menjadi beban kombinasi Q
©
12 = 1, P E
I 8 V/
Q4(I,I1,I2) = Q2(I ,11,12) / LD(Il)
M i d , 11,0) = 0.0 Q5(I,I1,1) = 0.0
Q5(I,I1,1) = - M1(I,I1,0) / S Q R ( L D ( I D ) 2 6
Ml (I, I 1 , H ) = 0 . 0 V Q5(I,I1,H-1) = 0.0
Q5(I,I1,H-1) = - M1(I,I1,H) / S Q R ( L D ( I D )
9 ^ i
---^ ^
V./
Q ( I , I 1 , J 1 ) = Q 1 ( I , I 1 , J 1 ) + Q 4 ( I , I 1 , J 1 ) + Q 5 ( I , I 1 , J 1 )
10 ,--- i/ CONTINUE
f. Clear momen yang b e l u m dikalikan dengan harga spasi pangkat dua
11
11
Y 1 ( I , J , K ) = 0.0
g. Menyele s a i k a n persamaan simultan untuk m en d a p a t k a n nilai Y1
h. M enghitung momen pada tiap titik nodal dan nilai m a ks i m u m momen
13
- X ^ 1 = 1 / N L S ^
M1(I,J,0) = 0.0
M M ( I , J , 0 ) = -■ M l (I ,J ,0)
M M (I ,J ,0) = M 1 ( I , J , 0 ) ^
i .
MM(I, J, H) - Ml (I. J. H)
1 = 1 , NLS
15.
J = 1/ M )>
N
DD(I,J,0) = D1(I,J,0) DD(I,J,H) = -D1(I,J,H)
14,--- i
14
DD(I,J,K) = ( M M ( I , J, K+ 1) -M M( I, J, K- 1) ) / ( 2* LD (J ))
15 -ik:
CONTINUE
\/
Cari Nilai M a ksimum DD
j. Mengh i t u n g normal pada tiap titik nodal
1 = 1 , NLS
NN(I,J,0) = 0.0
27
AM(I
__ ik_____________
,J,4) = 0.0 ^
NN(I,J,H) = 0.0
16
— K = 1, P E ^ 16
NN(I,J,K) = Q3(I,J,K) = NN(I,J,K-1)
17-
CONTINUE
N /
Cari Nilai M a ksimum NN s /
k. Clear lendutan, menyele s a i k a n persamaan simultan untuk me n dapatkan nilai lendutan seb e l u m di k alikan dengan spasi pangkat dua dibagi kekakuan, menghitung lendutan
18/---^
K = 0, H
18 \/
Y 2 ( I , J , K ) = 0 . 0
) ''
---- K ^ I = 1, N L S ^
2 0 .--- --- J = 1/ M ^
M M ( I , J , 0 ) = 0 . 0 ---
M 3 ( I , J , 0 ) = - M M ( I , J , 0 )
M 3 ( I , J , 0 ) - 0 . 0 ^—
19
i y ---^
--- ^ K = ]L , H ^
\ /
M3(I,J,K) - MM(I,J,K)
20 /
--- ( C O NTINUE )
i @ )
©
Menyele s a i k a n persamaan simultan untuk mencari nilai Y2
O O ---
1 = 1 , N L S
22
--- K = 1, P E ~ ^
21
\J/
Y3(I,J,K) = (DJ(I,3*(J+1)-1)*K + DJ(I, 3 * J - 1 ) * ( H - K ) ) / H
22.--- ^/
<
C O N T I N U E)
l23
24
J = 1 , M ) >
/
YY(I,J,0) = DJ(I,3*J-1) YY(I,J,H) = DJ(3*(J+1)-1)
23.---^
--- P E
Y4(I,J,K) = - ( S Q R ( L D ( J ) ) * Y 2 ( I , J , K ) / ( E * Z I ( J ) ) ) YY(I,J,K) = Y3(I,J,K) + Y4(I,J,K)
CONTINUE
Cari Nilai Maksitnum YY
^ END )
II I . 3.3 D ia g r a m Alir Procedure G a m b a r Strukturl
START ----/
/•
Persiapan Screen untuk Gambar
I
1 = 1 , NLS y
—
--- -)( J - 1, M )>
Gambar Struktur Rangka Batang Bidang dan S i st i m P e mbebanannya
CONTINUE
--- X ^ J = 1, NRJ )>
JRL(2*J)+JRL(2*J-1) = 1 Gambar Rol
J RL(2*J)+JRL(2*J-1) = 2 ^ Gambar Sendi
-( CONTINUE
■< J = 1. M >
-j<l_
AM(J) < 0 ^ Gambar Batang Tekan (warna merah)
<---1
AM(J) > 0 ^ Gambar Batang Tarik (warna hijau)
©
K = 1, M
\/
Gambar S i stim Pembebanan (beban pada batang)
5 y--- ^/
I
Hitung Nilai M a ks i m u m untuk Momen
Hitung Besar Skala Momen
Gambar Bidang Momen
— ---
^
^ CONTINUE ;•s
I = 1,. NLS
J = 1, M
' K = ]L, H»
Hitung Nilai M ak si m u m untuk Gaya Geser /
Hitung Besar Skala Gaya Geser
