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KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

Kesimpulan

Dari hasil penelitian dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan, antara lain:

1. Secara spasial salinitas mengalami peningkatan mulai dari stasiun yang dekat

dengan aliran Sungai Berau menuju ke stasiun yang paling jauh dari aliran

Sungai Berau. Konsentrasi TSS dan nitrat justru memiliki kecenderungan

semakin menurun menuju stasiun yang jauh dari daratan. Sementara itu kadar

ortofosfat lebih tinggi di Pulau Maratua dan Pulau Derawan.

2. Berdasarkan citra Landsat ETM tahun 2001 sebaran sedimen dari muara

Sungai Berau di perairan Kepulauan Derawan mencapai Pualu Panjang dan

Pulau Derawan, bahkan dengan konsentrasi yang relatif rendah mencapai

Pulau Sangalaki. Sedimen dari Sungai Berau tidak terdistribusi hingga Pulau

Maratua yang merupakan stasiun terluar dari penelitian ini.

3. Terdapat perbedaan persentase penutupan karang batu diantara masing-masing

stasiun penelitian yang dibandingkan, kecuali perbandingan antara Stasiun 2

dengan Stasiun 4.

4. Bentuk pertumbuhan karang batu pada daerah dekat muara Sungai Berau

memiliki karakteristik yang dipengaruhi sedimen, sementara pada daerah yang

jauh ke arah laut, bentuk pertumbuhan karang batu lebih teradaptasi terhadap

energi mekanik yang ditimbulkan arus dan gelombang.

5. Laju sedimentasi paling tinggi terjadi di daerah yang dekat dengan muara

Sungai Berau. Selain jarak terhadap sumber, arus diduga merupakan faktor

yang paling berpengaruh terhadap penyebaran sedimen dan laju sedimentasi.

Sedimentasi lebih berpengaruh terhadap kekayaan jenis daripada persentase

penutupan karang batu.

(2)

Saran

Setelah dilakukan penelitian ini terdapat beberapa ide yang disarankan

untuk dilakukan, yaitu:

1. Penelitian lanjutan mengenai pengaruh sedimen terhadap perubahan struktur

komunitas karang akibat sedimentasi. Akan tetapi hal ini membutuhkan waktu

yang sangat lama

2. Kajian terhadap kompetisi karang batu dengan organisme lain di dalam

ekosistem terumbu karang yang terekspos oleh sedimen

3. Studi mengenai pengaruh sedimen terhadap karang batu melalui pendekatan

biologis

4. Dalam pengelolaan, adanya treatment yang serupa dengan Pulau Sangalaki

terhadap daerah terumbu karang yang lain sehingga akan memperbanyak

jumlah area karang dengan penutupan yang sangat tinggi.

(3)

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Lampiran 3. Hasil analisis Gradistat

Stasiun 1

Sand Mud Gravel 80% 30% 5% Trace 1:1 1:9 9:1 Sand:Mud Ratio Gravel % Gravel

Muddy Gravel Muddy Sandy Gravel

Gravelly Mud Gravelly Muddy Sand

Slightly Gravelly Mud Slightly Gravelly Sandy Mud Slightly Gravelly Muddy Sand

Mud Sandy Mud Muddy Sand Sand

Slightly Gravelly Sand Gravelly Sand Sandy Gravel P Panjang1 TEXTURAL GROUP: SEDIMENT NAME: Muddy Sand Fine Silty Fine Sand

SAMPLE IDENTITY: Gravel:

Sand: Mud: 0.0% 87.9% 12.1% Coarse Gravel: Medium Gravel: Fine Gravel: Coarse Sand: Medium Fine Sand: Very Fine Very Coarse Silt:

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 18.5% 30.0% 4.2% 2.5% 27.9% Very Coarse 0.0%

Very Coarse Sand:

Coarse Silt:

Clay: Fine Silt: Very Fine Gravel:

7.3% 0.0%

Medium Silt: Very Fine Silt:

0.0% 0.0% 7.6% 1.4% 0.5%

Stasiun 2

Sand Mud Gravel 80% 30% 5% Trace 1:1 1:9 9:1 Sand:Mud Ratio Gravel % Gravel

Muddy Gravel Muddy Sandy Gravel

Gravelly Mud Gravelly Muddy Sand

Slightly Gravelly Mud Slightly Gravelly Sandy Mud Slightly Gravelly Muddy Sand Mud Sandy Mud Muddy Sand

Sand Slightly Gravelly Sand Gravelly Sand Sandy Gravel P Derawan TEXTURAL GROUP: SEDIMENT NAME: Sand

Poorly Sorted Fine Sand

SAMPLE IDENTITY: Gravel:

Sand: Mud: 0.0% 90.0% 10.0% Coarse Gravel: Medium Gravel: Fine Gravel: Coarse Sand: Medium Fine Sand: Very Fine Very Coarse Silt:

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 15.8% 36.8% 4.1% 2.4% 27.2% Very Coarse 0.0%

Very Coarse Sand:

Coarse Silt:

Clay: Fine Silt: Very Fine Gravel:

6.1% 0.0%

Medium Silt: Very Fine Silt:

0.0% 0.0% 3.7% 2.5% 1.3%

(14)

Lampiran 3. Lanjutan

Stasiun 3

Sand Mud Gravel 80% 30% 5% Trace 1:1 1:9 9:1 Sand:Mud Ratio Gravel % Gravel

Muddy Gravel Muddy Sandy Gravel

Gravelly Mud Gravelly Muddy Sand

Slightly Gravelly Mud Slightly Gravelly Sandy Mud Slightly Gravelly Muddy Sand

Mud Sandy Mud Muddy Sand Sand

Slightly Gravelly Sand Gravelly Sand Sandy Gravel P Sangalaki TEXTURAL GROUP: SEDIMENT NAME: Sand

Poorly Sorted Medium Sand

SAMPLE IDENTITY: Gravel:

Sand: Mud: 0.0% 91.3% 8.7% Coarse Gravel: Medium Gravel: Fine Gravel: Coarse Sand: Medium Fine Sand: Very Fine Very Coarse Silt:

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.2% 33.6% 1.4% 1.9% 35.1% Very Coarse 0.0%

Very Coarse Sand:

Coarse Silt:

Clay: Fine Silt: Very Fine Gravel:

5.0% 0.0%

Medium Silt: Very Fine Silt:

0.0% 0.0% 5.1% 0.5% 1.2%

Stasiun 4

Sand Mud Gravel 80% 30% 5% Trace 1:1 1:9 9:1 Sand:Mud Ratio Gravel % Gravel

Muddy Gravel Muddy Sandy Gravel

Gravelly Mud Gravelly Muddy Sand

Slightly Gravelly Mud Slightly Gravelly Sandy Mud Slightly Gravelly Muddy Sand

Mud Sandy Mud Muddy Sand Sand

Slightly Gravelly Sand Gravelly Sand Sandy Gravel P Maratua TEXTURAL GROUP: SEDIMENT NAME: Muddy Sand Fine Silty Fine Sand

SAMPLE IDENTITY: Gravel:

Sand: Mud: 0.0% 89.9% 10.1% Coarse Gravel: Medium Gravel: Fine Gravel: Coarse Sand: Medium Fine Sand: Very Fine Very Coarse Silt:

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.9% 36.2% 2.9% 0.3% 33.1% Very Coarse 0.0%

Very Coarse Sand:

Coarse Silt:

Clay: Fine Silt: Very Fine Gravel:

3.8% 0.0%

Medium Silt: Very Fine Silt:

0.0% 0.0% 6.1% 1.5% 2.2%

(15)

Lampiran 4. Persentase penutupan karang dan biota penyusun substrat dasar lainnya

Kategori P.

Panjang P.

Derawan

Karang Keras

(HC)

T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3

Acropora

ACB

7.88%

6.58%

7.15%

0.48%

1.08%

0.97%

ACD

0.17%

0.32%

1.36%

0.20%

0.18%

0.36%

ACE

- - -

ACS

0.16%

0.18%

0.15%

0.76%

1.28%

1.73%

ACT

1.90%

1.72%

1.88%

6.81%

5.42%

5.68%

Non Acropora

CB

7.74%

7.65%

6.25%

13.15%

15.21%

15.08%

CE

2.99%

3.12%

3.04%

5.64%

5.29%

3.35%

CF

8.97%

8.14%

8.74%

0.69%

0.12%

0.52%

CM

9.16%

9.38%

9.25%

15.82%

16.14%

16.48%

CS

0.47%

0.31%

0.48%

3.81%

3.96%

4.07%

CMR

0.11%

0.16%

1.62%

-

-

-

CME

-

-

-

0.44%

0.67%

0.54%

CHL

1.49%

1.12%

1.37%

-

-

-

CTU

0.70%

0.82%

0.68%

-

-

-

Fauna Lain

SC

21.68% 24.65% 24.24% 2.67% 2.15% 2.92%

SP

1.74%

1.84%

1.57%

0.59%

1.54%

1.97%

ZO

- - -

ASC

- - -

0.03%

- -

OT

3.55%

4.16%

2.98%

0.87%

2.10%

1.44%

Alga

CA

2.26%

2.90%

1.05%

1.30%

0.21%

0.15%

MA

0.19%

1.25%

2.11%

- - -

Abiotik

DC

0.27%

0.32%

0.23%

-

-

-

DCA

7.00%

9.14%

9.36%

12.13%

14.04%

12.59%

R

12.98%

9.52%

10.20%

20.72%

18.37%

18.72%

RCK

-

-

-

1.24%

1.69%

1.12%

S

8.62% 6.72% 6.29% 12.65% 10.55% 12.31%

(16)

Lampiran 4. Lanjutan

Kategori

P. Sangalaki

P. Maratua

Karang Keras

(HC)

T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3

Acropora

ACB

7.37%

6.12%

6.24%

1.12%

1.14%

1.27%

ACD

- - -

0.10%

0.21%

0.14%

ACE

- - -

ACS

1.75%

2.33%

2.16%

2.08%

2.15%

2.20%

ACT

2.01%

2.84%

3.01%

1.17%

1.81%

1.55%

Non Acropora

CB

19.82%

19.68%

18.49%

12.87%

10.29%

12.09%

CE

19.25%

16.45%

18.11%

3.53%

4.28%

4.46%

CF

32.36%

32.91%

34.05%

3.41%

3.19%

3.11%

CM

2.17%

3.05%

2.88%

17.63%

17.35%

15.27%

CS

4.65%

4.33%

4.17%

5.18%

6.02%

6.51%

CMR

0.71%

1.13%

1.34%

-

-

-

CME

-

-

-

0.93%

0.77%

0.18%

CHL

-

1.52%

1.12%

0.18%

0.12%

0.16%

CTU

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fauna Lain

SC

2.12%

1.85%

1.26%

1.15%

1.58%

2.06%

SP

- - -

8.15%

7.79%

7.41%

ZO

- - -

ASC

- - - -

0.04%

0.06%

OT

-

-

0.19%

0.06%

0.17%

-

Alga

CA

0.29%

0.16%

0.21%

1.19%

2.05%

1.59%

MA

- - -

Abiotik

DC

1.24%

1.30%

1.36%

-

-

-

DCA

5.11%

6.12%

4.37%

10.46%

12.25%

12.36%

R

1.14%

0.21%

1.04%

19.52%

18.41%

15.28%

RCK

-

-

-

2.77%

2.08%

1.97%

S

- - -

8.49%

8.30%

12.33%

(17)

Lampiran 5. Hasil pengolahan data dengan menggunakan PCA

Statistika dasar

Variabel Mean

Std,

Dev,

Sed 11,39

6,67

HC 56,97

22,72

NO3 0,14

0,05

PO4 0,02

0,02

TSS 9,25

4,00

Tem 29,87

0,24

Sal 30,85

0,95

Arus 0,25

0,04

Vis 6,82

1,59

Matriks korelasi

Sed

HC

NO

3

PO

4

TSS Tem Sal Arus Vis

Sed

1,00

HC

-0,66

1,00

NO

3

0,89 -0,92 1,00

PO

4

-0,31

-0,43

0,15

1,00

TSS

0,93 -0,47 0,78 -0,33 1,00

Tem

-0,90 0,30 -0,60 0,69 -0,86 1,00

Sal

-0,97 0,50 -0,79 0,42 -0,98 0,93 1,00

Arus -1,00 0,68 -0,89 0,31 -0,92 0,90 0,97 1,00

Vis

-0,10 -0,21 0,18 0,73 0,12 0,40 0,05 0,11 1,00

Diagonalisasi

Baris 1: Akar ciri (ragam pada sumbu utama)

Baris 2: Kontribusi variasi total (persentase yang dijelaskan oleh sumbu utama)

Sumbu 1

Sumbu 2

Sumbu 3

5,9635

2,3308

0,7055

66,26% 25,90% 7,84%

Vektor ciri (koefisien variabel dalam fungsi linier sumbu utama)

Variabel Factor 1 Factor 2

Factor 3

Sed -0,4092

0,0067

0,0421

HC 0,2637

-0,4192

-0,4992

NO3 -0,3593

0,2937

0,2028

PO4 0,1331

0,6158

0,1206

TSS -0,3859

0,0087

-0,3983

Tem 0,3713

0,2748

0,0524

Sal 0,4012

0,0559

0,2149

Arus 0,4088

-0,0095

-0,0686

Vis 0,0369

0,5291

-0,6936

(18)

Lampiran 6. Spesies karang yang ditemukan pada masing-masing stasiun

Takson

P. Panjang

P. Derawan

P. Sangalaki

P. Maratua

Family Astrocoeniidae

Genus Stylocoeniella

Stylocoeniella armata

- - - +

Stylocoeniella guentheri

+ + + +

Family Pocilloporidae

Genus Pocillopora

Pocillopora ankeli

- - - +

Pocillopora damicornis

- + + +

Pocillopora danae

+ + + +

Pocillopora elegans

- - - -

Pocillopora eydouxi

+ + + -

Pocillopora kelleheri

- + - -

Pocillopora meandrina

- - - -

Pocillopora verrucosa

+ + + +

Pocillopora woodjonesi

- - - -

Genus Seriatopora

Seriatopora aculeata

- + + +

Seriatopora caliendrum

+ + + +

Seriatopora guttatus

- - - -

Seriatopora hystrix

- - + -

Seriatopora stellata

- + + +

Genus Stylophora

Stylophora pistillata

+ + + +

Stylophora subseriata

- - - -

Family Acroporidae

Genus Montipora

Montipora aequituberculata

- - - +

Montipora altasepta

- - + -

Montipora cactus

- - - +

Montipora calcarea

- - - +

Montipora capitata

- - - -

Montipora cebuensis

- + - +

Montipora confusa

+ + - +

Montipora corbetensis

- - + +

Montipora crassituberculata

- - - -

Montipora danae

+ - + +

Montipora digitata

- + + -

Montipora florida

- - - -

Montipora floweri

- - + -

Montipora foliosa

- + + +

Montipora foveolata

+ - - -

(19)

Lampiran 6. Lanjutan

Montipora hodgsoni

- - - -

Montipora hoffmeisteri

+ + + +

Montipora incrassata

- + - -

Montipora informis

+ + + +

Montipora mactanensis

- - - +

Montipora malampaya

- - - +

Montipora millepora

+ - - -

Montipora monasteriata

- + + +

Montipora nodosa

- + - -

Montipora plawanensis

- - + -

Montipora samarensis

- - + -

Montipora spongodes

+ + + +

Montipora stellata

- - - -

Montipora tuberculosa

+ + + +

Montipora turgescens

+ + + +

Montipora turtlensis

- - - +

Montipora undata

- + + -

Montipora verriculosa

- - - -

Montipora vietnamensis

- - + +

Genus anacropora

Anacropora forbesi

- - - -

Anacropora matthai

- - - +

Anacropora puertogalerae

- - + +

Anacropora reticulata

- - - -

Genus Acropora

Acropora abrotonoides

- - - -

Acropora aculeus

- - + +

Acropora acuminata

- - - -

Acropora aspera

- - + -

Acropora austera

- + + +

Acropora awi

- - - +

Acropora bifurcata

- - - +

Acropora bruggemanni

- - + +

Acropora carduus

- - - -

Acropora caroliniana

- - - +

Acropora cerealis

+ - + -

Acropora clathrata

- + + +

Acropora cophodactyla

- - - -

Acropora cytherea

- + + +

Acropora derewanensis

- - + -

Acropora digitifera

+ + + +

Acropora divaricata

+ + + +

Acropora echinata

- - + -

Acropora elegans

- - + -

Acropora elseyi

- + - -

(20)

Lampiran 6. Lanjutan

Acropora florida

+ + + +

Acropora formosa

- + + +

Acropora gemmifera

+ + - -

Acropora grandis

- - + +

Acropora granulosa

+ + + +

Acropora hoeksemai

- + - -

Acropora horrida

- - + +

Acropora humilis

+ + + +

Acropora hyacinthus

- + - +

Acropora indonesia

- - + +

Acropora insignis

- - - +

Acropora kirstyae

- - + +

Acropora latistella

- - + -

Acropora listeri

- + - +

Acropora loripes

- + + +

Acropora lutkeni

- - - -

Acropora microclados

- + + +

Acropora microphthalma

- - + +

Acropora millepora

- + + +

Acropora mirabilis

- - - +

Acropora nana

- + - -

Acropora nasuta

+ - + +

Acropora nobilis

- + + -

Acropora palifera

+ + + +

Acropora paniculata

- - + -

Acropora plumosa

- - - +

Acropora robusta

- - + -

Acropora samoensis

+ - + -

Acropora sarmentosa

- + + -

Acropora secale

- + - +

Acropora selago

- - - +

Acropora seriata

- - - -

Acropora solitaryensis

- - - +

Acropora speciosa

- - + -

Acropora spicifera

- + - -

Acropora striata

- - + +

Acropora subglabra

- - + +

Acropora subulata

- + + +

Acropora tenuis

+ + - +

Acropora valenciennesi

- + + +

Acropora valida

- + - +

Acropora verweyi

- + - -

(21)

Lampiran 6. Lanjutan

Genus Astreopora

Astreopora expansa

- - + -

Astreopora gracilis

+ - + +

Astreopora listeri

- + + +

Astreopora myriophtalama

+ + - -

Astreopora ocellata

- - - +

Astreopora randalli

- + + -

Astreopora suggesta

- - - -

Family Euphyllidae

Genus Euphyllia

Euphyllia ancora

+ - + +

Euphyllia cristata

+ - - -

Euphyllia divisa

- - + -

Euphyllia glabrescens

+ + - -

Euphyllia yaeyamensis

- - - +

Genus Plerogyra

Plerogyra simplex

+ - + +

Plerogyra sinuosa

+ - + +

Genus Physogyra

- + - -

Physogyra lichstenteini

+ - + +

Family Oculindae

Genus Galaxea

Galaxea archelia

- - + +

Galaxea astreata

- - - -

Galaxea fascicularis

+ + + +

Galaxea horrescens

- - - +

Galaxea longisepta

- - - -

Galaxea paucisepta

- - - +

Family Siderasteridae

Genus Psammocora

Psammocora contigua

- - + -

Psammocora digitata

- + - -

Psammocora explanulata

+ - - -

Psammocora haimeana

- - - +

Psamocora niestraszi

- - - +

Psammocora profundacella

+ + + +

Psammocora superficialis

- + - -

Genus Coscinaraea

Coscinaraea columna

- + - +

Coscinaraea exesa

- - - -

Coscinaraea wellsi

- - + -

Family Agaricidae

Genus Pavona

Pavona bipartita

+ - - +

Pavona clavus

+ - - +

(22)

Lampiran 6. Lanjutan

Pavona decussata

+ - + +

Pavona duerdeni

+ - - +

Pavona explanulata

+ - - +

Pavona varians

+ + + +

Pavona venosa

- + + +

Genus Leptoseris

Leptoseris explanata

+ + + +

Leptoseris foliosa

- - + -

Leptoseris hawaiiensis

- - + +

Leptoseris incrustans

- - - +

Leptoseris mycetoseroides

- - - +

Leptoseris papyracea

- - - -

Leptoseris scabra

+ + + +

Leptoseris yabei

- - - -

Genus Gardineroseris

Gardineroseris planulata

- - - +

Genus Coeloseris

Coeloseris mayeri

+ + + +

Genus Pachyseris

Pachyseris foliosa

+ - - +

Pachyseris gemmae

- - + +

Pachyseris rugosa

+ + - +

Pachyseris speciosa

+ + + +

Family Fungiidae

Genus Cycloseris

Cycloseris cyclolites

- - + -

Genus Heliofungia

Heliofungia actiniformis

+ - + +

Genus Fungia

Fungia concinna

+ + + +

Fungia corona

- + - -

Fungia danai

- + + +

Fungia fralinae

- - - -

Fungia fungites

- + + +

Fungia granulosa

- + + +

Fungia gravis

- - + +

Fungia horrida

+ + + +

Fungia moluccensis

- - + +

Fungia paumotensis

- + + +

Fungia repanda

- - + +

Fungia scabra

- - + -

Fungia scruposa

+ - + +

(23)

Lampiran 6. Lanjutan

Ctenactis crassa

- + + +

Ctenactis echinata

- + + +

Genus Herpolitha

Herpolitha limax

+ + + -

Genus Polyphyllia

Polyphyllia talpina

- - + -

Genus Sandalolitha

Sandalolitha robusta

- - + -

Genus Halomitra

Halomitra clavator

- - - +

Halomitra pileus

- + + +

Genus Zoopilus

Zoopilus echinatus

- - - +

Genus Lithophyllon

Lithophyllon mokai

- - - +

Genus Podabacia

Podabacia crustacea

+ + + +

Podabacia motuporensis

- - + +

Family Pectinidae

Genus Echinophyllia

Echinophyllia aspera

+ - + +

Echinophyllia echinata

- - + -

Echinophyllia echinoporoides

+ + + +

Genus Oxypora

Oxypora crassispinosa

- - + +

Oxypora glabra

+ - + -

Oxypora lacera

+ + + +

Genus Mycedium

Mycedium elephatotus

+ + + +

Mycedium robokaki

- - + +

Mycedium mancaoi

- - + +

Mycedium steeni

- - + -

Genus Pectinia

Pectinia alcicornis

+ + + -

Pectinia elongata

- - + +

Pectinia lactuca

+ + - +

Pectinia paeonia

- - + -

Pectinia teres

- - - +

Pectinia maxima

+ - - -

Family Merulinidae

Genus Hydnophora

Hydnophora exesa

+ + + +

Hydnophora microconos

- + + +

Hydnophora pilosa

- - + -

Hydnophora rigida

- - + +

(24)

Lampiran 6. Lanjutan

Genus Merulina

Merulina ampliata

+ - + +

Merulina scabricula

+ + - +

Genus Scapophyllia

Scapophyllia cylindrica

- + + +

Family Dendrophyllidae

Genus Turbinaria

Turbinaria irregularis

+ - - +

Turbinaria mesenterina

- - - -

Turbinaria patula

+ - - -

Turbinaria peltata

+ - + -

Turbinaria reniformis

+ - - -

Turbinaria stellulata

+ - + -

Family Mussidae

Genus Acanthastrea

Acanthastrea echinata

+ - + -

Acanthastrea hemprichii

- - + -

Acanthastrea regularis

- - + -

Acanthastrea subechinata

+ + + +

Genus Lobophyllia

Lobophyllia flabelliformis

+ - - -

Lobophyllia hataii

- - + +

Lobophyllia hemprichii

+ + + +

Lobophyllia robusta

- + + +

Genus Symphyllia

Symphyllia agaricia

+ - - +

Symphyllia radians

+ - + +

Symphyllia recta

+ + + +

Symphyllia valenciennesii

- - + +

Genus Scolymia

Scolymia australis

+ - - -

Scolymia vitiensis

- - + -

Genus Australomussa

Australomussa rowleyensis

+ - - -

Genus Cynarina

- - - -

Cynarina lacrymalis

+ - - -

Family Faviidae

Genus Favia

Favia danae

- + - -

Favia favus

+ + + +

Favia lizardensis

+ - + +

Favia matthai

+ + + +

(25)

Lampiran 6. Lanjutan

Favia speciosa

+ + + +

Favia stelligera

+ + + +

Favia truncatus

+ - + -

Genus Barabottoia

Barabottoia amicorum

+ - + -

Barabattoia laddi

- + + -

Genus Favites

Favites acuticulis

+ - + -

Favites abdita

+ + + +

Favites complanata

+ + + +

Favites flexuosa

+ - + +

Favites halicora

+ - + -

Favites micropentagona

- + + -

Favites paraflexuosa

+ - - -

Favites pentagona

- + + +

Favites russelli

+ + + +

Favites spinosa

- + - -

Genus Goniastrea

Goniastrea aspera

- + + -

Goniastrea australensis

- - - +

Goniastrea edwardsi

- + + +

Goniastrea pectinata

+ + + +

Goniastrea retiformis

- + + +

Genus Platygyra

Platygyra acuta

- - + +

Platygyra contorta

- - + +

Platygyra daedalea

+ + + +

Platygyra lamellina

+ - + -

Platygyra pini

+ + + -

Platygyra sinensis

+ + + +

Platygyra verweyi

+ - + -

Platygyra yayamaensis

- - + -

Genus Oulophyllia

Oulophyllia bennettae

+ - + -

Oulophyllia crispa

+ - + +

Oulophyllia levis

- - + -

Genus Leptoria

Leptoria irregularis

- + - -

Leptoria phyrigia

- + + +

Genus Montastrea

Montastrea colemani

- - + -

Montastrea curta

+ + + +

Montastrea magnistellata

+ - + -

Montastrea salebrosa

+ - + -

Genus Plesiastrea

(26)

Lampiran 6. Lanjutan

Plesiastrea versipora

- + + +

Genus Diploastrea

Diploastrea heliopora

- + + +

Genus Leptastrea

Leptastrea pruinosa

+ + + +

Leptastrea purpurea

+ + - +

Leptastrea transversa

- + + +

Genus Cyphastrea

Cyphastrea chalcidium

+ - - -

Cyphastrea decadia

- - - +

Cyphastrea japonica

- - - -

Cyphastrea microphtalama

+ + + +

Cyphastrea serailia

+ + + +

Genus Echinopora

Echinopora gemmacea

+ - + +

Echinopora horrida

- - + +

Echinopora lamellosa

+ + + +

Echinopora mammiformis

- - - +

Echinopora pacificus

+ - - +

Echinopora taylorae

- - + -

Family Poritidae

Genus Porites

Porites cumulatus

- - - +

Porites cylindrica

+ + + +

Porites deformis

- - - -

Porites evermanni

- + - -

Porites horizontalata

- - - +

Porites lichen

+ + + +

Porites monticulosa

+ - - +

Porites napopora

- - + +

Porites negrosensis

+ - - +

Porites nigrescens

- + + -

Porites rugosa

+ + + +

Porites rus

- + - +

Porites solida

- - + -

Porites tuberculosa

+ + + -

Porites vaughani

+ + + +

Porites massive

+ + + +

Genus Goniopora

Goniopora burgosi

+ - + -

Goniopora columna

- + + -

Goniopora djibuotiensis

- - + +

(27)

Lampiran 6. Lanjutan

Goniopora pendulus

Goniopora somaliensis

+ + + +

Goniopora stokesi

- + - -

Goniopora stutchburyi

- - - +

Goniopora tenuidens

+ + + +

Genus Alveopora

Alveopora gigas

+ - - -

Alveopora minuta

- - + -

Alveopora spongiosa

+ - - +

Alveopora tizardi

- - + +

Total

133 140 209 205

Total Spesies

306

(28)

Lampiran 7. Hasil Cluster Analisis dengan menggunakan SPSS.10

Cluster Analisis

Dendrogram using Average Linkage (Between Groups) Rescaled Distance Cluster Combine

C A S E 0 5 10 15 20 25 Label Num +---+---+---+---+---+ Stylocoeniella armata Zoopilus echinatus Acropora awi Psammocora haimean Psamocora niestraszi Porites cumulates Porites horizontalata Pectinia teres Pocillopora ankeli Montipora malampaya Montipora turtlensis Montipora hispida Montipora mactanensis Montipora cactus Montipora calcarea Lithophyllon mokai Montipora aequituberculata Leptoseris incrustans Leptoseris mycetoseroides Goniopora stutchburyi Halomitra clavator Gardineroseris planulata Goniastrea australensis Galaxea horrescens Galaxea paucisepta Echinopora mammiformis Euphyllia yaeyamensis Astreopora ocellata Cyphastrea decadia Acropora solitaryensis Anacropora matthai Acropora plumosa Acropora selago Acropora insignis Acropora mirabilis 4 Acropora bifurcata Acropora caroliniana Symphyllia agaricia Turbinaria irregularis Alveopora spongiosa Porites monticulosa Porites negrosensis Pavona duerdeni Pavona explanulata Pavona bipartita Pavona clavus 1,4 Goniopora minor Pachyseris foliosa Echinopora pacificus Plerogyra sinuosa Symphyllia radians Acropora nasuta Physogyra lichstenteini Plerogyra simplex

(29)

Heliofungia actiniformis Favia rotundata Favites flexuosa Euphyllia ancora Favia lizardensis 1,3,4 Echinophyllia aspera Echinopora gemmacea Astreopora gracilis Porites napopora Symphyllia valenciennesii Acropora aculeus Platygyra contorta Podabacia motuporensis Pectinia elongate Platygyra acuta Oxypora crassispinosa Pachyseris gemmae Mycedium mancaoi Mycedium robokaki Montipora corbetensis Montipora vietnamensis Leptoseris hawaiiensis Lobophyllia hataii Goniopora djibuotiensis Hydnophora rigida Fungia repanda Galaxea archelia Fungia gravis Fungia moluccensis Ctenactis albitentaculata Echinopora horrida Alveopora tizardi Anacropora puertogalerae Acropora striata Acropora subglabra Acropora kirstyae Acropora microphthalma 3,4 Acropora horrida Acropora Indonesia Acropora bruggemanni Acropora grandis Pachyseris rugosa Pectinia lactuca Acropora tenuis 1,2,4 Merulina scabricula Montipora confuse Leptastrea purpurea Symphyllia recta Stylophora pistillata Stylocoeniella guentheri Seriatopora caliendrum Psammocora profundacella Porites vaughani Porites rugosa Porites massive Porites lichen Porites cylindrica Podabacia crustacea Pocillopora verrucosa Pocillopora danae Platygyra sinensis Platygyra daedalea Pavona varians Pachyseris speciosa Oxypora lacera Mycedium elephatotus Montipora turgescens Montipora tuberculosa

(30)

Montipora hoffmeisteri Montipora grisea Montastrea curta Lobophyllia hemprichii Leptoseris scabra Leptastrea pruinosa Acanthastrea subechinata Leptoseris explanata Hydnophora exesa Goniopora tenuidens Goniopora somaliensis Goniopora lobata Goniastrea pectinata Galaxea fascicularis Fungia horrida Fungia concinna Favites russelli Favites complanata Favites abdita Favia stelligera Favia speciosa Favia pallida Favia matthai Favia favus Echinopora lamellose Echinophyllia echinoporoides Cyphastrea serailia Cyphastrea microphtalama Coeloseris mayeri Acropora palifera Acropora humilis Acropora granulose 1,2,3,4 Acropora divaricata Acropora florida Acropora digitifera Montipora cebuensis Porites rus Acropora hyacinthus Acropora yongei Coscinaraea columna 2,4 Acropora secale Acropora valida Acropora listeri Seriatopora aculeate Seriatopora stellata Acropora austere Pocillopora damicornis Scapophyllia cylindrical Pavona venosa Plesiastrea versipora Montipora foliosa Montipora monasteriata Leptoria phyrigia Lobophyllia robusta Hydnophora microconos Leptastrea transversa Goniastrea retiformis Halomitra pileus Fungia paumotensis Goniastrea edwardsi Fungia fungites Fungia granulose Favites pentagona Fungia danai

(31)

Acropora microclados Acropora millepora 2,3,4 Acropora Formosa Acropora loripes Acropora clathrata Acropora cytherea Psammocora digitata Psammocora superficialis Acropora elseyi Pocillopora kelleheri Porites evermanni Montipora incrassate Montipora nodosa Goniopora stokesi Leptoria irregularis Favites spinosa Fungia corona Acropora verweyi Favia danae 2 Acropora nana Acropora spicifera Acropora hoeksemai Montipora undata Porites nigrescens Acropora nobilis Goniopora columna Montipora digitata Favites micropentagona Goniastrea aspera 2,3 Astreopora randalli Barabattoia laddi Acropora sarmentosa Scolymia vitiensis Seriatopora hystrix Acanthastrea hemprichii Psammocora contigua Sandalolitha robusta Polyphyllia talpina Porites solida Pectinia paeonia Platygyra yayamaensis Mycedium steeni Oulophyllia levis Montipora plawanensis Montipora samarensis Montipora floweri Montipora friabilis Montastrea colemani Montipora altasepta Hydnophora pilosa Leptoseris foliosa Euphyllia divisa Fungia scabra Echinophyllia echinata Echinopora taylorae Coscinaraea wellsi Cycloseris cyclolites Alveopora minuta Astreopora expansa Acropora robusta Acropora speciosa Acropora latistella Acropora paniculata Acropora echinata Acropora elegans 3 Acropora aspera Acropora derewanensis Acanthastrea regularis

(32)

Porites tuberculosa 1,2,3 Herpolitha limax Pectinia alcicornis Platygyra pini Turbinaria peltata Turbinaria stellulata Acanthastrea echinata Platygyra lamellina Platygyra verweyi Oulophyllia bennettae Oxypora glabra Montastrea magnistellata Montastrea salebrosa Favites halicora Goniopora burgosi Favia truncates Favites acuticulis 1,3 Acropora samoensis Barabottoia amicorum Acropora cerealis Turbinaria patula Turbinaria reniformis Alveopora gigas Psammocora explanulata Scolymia australis Montipora millepora Pectinia maxima Lobophyllia flabelliformis Montipora foveolata Favia maxima Favites paraflexuosa 1 Cyphastrea chalcidium Euphyllia cristata Australomussa rowleyensis Cynarina lacrymalis Astreopora myriophtalama 1,2 Euphyllia glabrescens Acropora gemmifera

(33)

Lampiran 8. Profil terumbu karang di Stasiun 1

(34)

Lampiran 9. Profil terumbu karang di Stasiun 2

(35)

Lampiran 10. Profil terumbu karang di Stasiun 3

(36)

Lampiran 10. Profil terumbu karang di Stasiun 3

(37)

Lampiran 11. Profil terumbu karang di Stasiun 4

(38)

Referensi

Sediment efect

Riegl dan Bloomer (1995) menemukan bahwa sediment memberikan efek histopologi

yang serius terhadap karang scleractinia dan alcyonacea. Efek tersebut lebih sering

ditemukan dalam alcyonacea dibanding scleractinia. Efek sedimentasi umumnya mudah

terlihat dalam necroses jaringan karang baik scleractinia maupun alcyonacea. Necross

pada jaringan berkaitan dengan terjadinya akumulasi sedimen pada permukaan koloni.

Necroses selalu terjadi pada area dimana sediment terakumulasi.

Referensi

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