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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ...
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APPROVAL SHEET ...
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...
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ABSTRACT ...
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ... I
LIST OF TABLES ... IV
LIST OF FIGURES ... IV
LIST OF APPENDICES ... IV
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION...
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1.1. Introduction ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2. Background of the Study ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3. Purpose of the Study ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4. Research Question ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.5. The Scope of the Study ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.6. Significance of the Study ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.7. Definition of Terms ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.8. Organization of the paper ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER II: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ...
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2.1. Introduction ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2. Literature Circles ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1. Principles of Literature Circles Teaching. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1.1. The students’ roles in Literature Circles ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1. Students choose the text to read in Literature Circles. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2. Students use written or drawn notes to guide both their reading and discussion. . Error! Bookmark not defined.
3. Students prepare the discussion topics. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4. Students evaluate their own progresses. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.1.2. The teacher’s roles in Literature Circles ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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2.2.1.3. The Literature Circles’ procedures. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.1. The Grouping in Literature Circles ... Error! Bookmark not defined. A. The small temporary groups are formed, based on book choice. And when a cycle of Literature Circles finished, new groups are formed based on new reading choice. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. B. Each Group reads different texts in a cycle. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. C. The group meetings are scheduled. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2. The discussions invite the students to share their reading experiences in open and natural conversations. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. The class maintains the spirit of fun. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2. Writing in Literature Circles. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3. Starting Literature Circles ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1. Scheduling Literature Circles in a Classroom ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.2. Tools in Literature Circles ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.2.1. Role Sheets ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.2.2. Response Log / Reading Log ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.2.3. Mini Lessons ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4. Theory of Reader Response ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.1. Reader Stances ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2. Types of Responses ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.5. Conclusion ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...
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3.1. Introduction ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2. Research Design ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3. Setting ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4. Participants ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5. The Literature Circles Program ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6. Data Collection Techniques ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.6.1. Class Observation ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.2. Interview... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.3. Document Analysis ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.7. Methods of data analysis ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.1. Observation ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1.1. Interview ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3. Document Analysis ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.8. Conclusion ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER IV: THE LITERATURE CIRCLES PROGRAM: AN OVERVIEW
...
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4.1. Introduction ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2. Starting the Literature Circles Program. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3. The short story selections... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4. The Literature Circles Program ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION OF TEXT ANALYSIS ...
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5.1. Introduction ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2. Discussion of the improvements gained by the students. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2.1. Literature Circles Training (LCT) ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.2. Literature Circles 1 (LC1) ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.3. Literature Circles 2 (LC2) ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.4. Literature Circles 3 (LC3) ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.3. Types of Students’ Responses ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3.1. Most Efferent ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3.2. Primarily Efferent ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3.3. Primarily Aesthetic ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3.4. Most Aesthetic Response ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.4. Conclusion ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER VI: DISCUSSION OF INTERVIEW DATA
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6.1. Introduction ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2. Discussion of Data from the Preliminary Interview. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.3. Discussion of Data from the post-program implementation Interview ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.3.1. The students’ roles in Literature Circles. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1. Students choose the text to read. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2. The students use written or drawn notes to guide both their reading and discussion.... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3. The students prepare the discussion topics. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4. The students evaluate their own progresses. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.3.2. The teacher’s roles in Literature Circles. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1. The teacher serves as facilitator. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2. The teacher conducts evaluation by observation. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.3.3. The Literature Circles’ Procedures ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1. The grouping in Literature Circles ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
A. Small temporary groups are formed, based on book choice. And when a cycle of Literature Circles finished, new groups are formed based on new reading choice. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
B. Each group reads different texts in a cycle. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
C. The groups’ meetings are scheduled. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2. The discussions invite the students to share their reading experiences in open and natural conversations. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3. The class maintains the spirit of fun. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.4. The developments the students thought they had gained... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.5. Students’ Suggestions of Literature Circles Implementation in high school. . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.6. Conclusion ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES ....
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7.1. Introduction ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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7.3. Limitation of the study ... Error! Bookmark not defined.7.4. Recommendations for Further Studies ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...
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APPENDICES ...
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List of Tables
Table 1. Literature Circles schedule model for middle school (Daniels, 2002)... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 2. Major Stages of the Literature Circles Program ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3. The ratings of the stories read by the students. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4. The schedule and activities of the Literature Circles program ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5. Result of Written Response Analysis LCT ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 6. Result of Written Response Analysis LC1. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7. Result of Written Response Analysis LC2. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 8. Result of Written Response Analysis LC3. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 9. Result of Preliminary Interview ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 10. Result of Post-Program Interview ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
List of Figures
Figure 1. Literature Circles training key steps. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2. Reader Stance Continuum ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4. The students' written response improvements. ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5. Efferent - Aesthetic Stance Distribution. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
