The 4
th
ISSN : 2443-1753
International Conference On
Educational Research and Innovation
Research, Education, and Innovation
for Development High Quality and
Humane People
CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
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Institute of Research and Community Services Yogyakarta State University
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The 4
th
ISSN : 2443-1753
International Conference On
Educational Research and Innovation
Research, Education, and Innovation
for Development High Quality and
Humane People
CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
Institute of Research and Community Services Yogyakarta State University
Published by
Institute of Research and Community Services Yogyakarta State University
Kampus Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281
Phone : (0274) 550839.
e-mail : lppm@uny.ac.id
ICERI 2016 Proceedings
International Conference on Education, Research and Innovation
May 11th-12th, 2016
—
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Edited by
Dr. Slamet Suyanto
Dr. Ing. Satoto Endar Nayono, M.Eng., M.Sc. (Res.Eng)
Retna Hidayah, M.T., Ph.D.
Losina Purnastuti, SE., M.Ec.Dev., Ph.D.
Dr. Sugito, MA.
Prof. Anti Kolonial Prodjosantoso, Grad.Dip.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.
Adi Cilik Pierewan, Ph.D.
Dr. Margana, M.Hum.
dr. Novita Intan Arovah, MPH
Apri Nuryanto, MT.
Institute of Research and Community Services
Yogyakarta State University
in Collaboration with
Ministry of Research and Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI)
Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER)
Asia-Pacific Network for Moral Education (APNME)
The American Indonesian Exchange Foundation (AMINEF)
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
ISSN:
2443-1753
Book cover and layout designed by
Apri Nuryanto
All rights reserved. Copyright © 2016,
iii
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullah wabarakatuh.
May peace and God’s blessings be upon you all
Welcome to Yogyakarta, Indonesia!
It is a great honor and pleasure for me to welcome you all to the 4th International
Conference on Educational Research and Innovation held in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. On behalf of
Yogyakarta State University and the committee, let me extend my warmest greetings and
appreciation to all speakers and participants who have traveled hundreds or even thousands of
miles by various transportation means to come to Yogyakarta to attend this conference. It is my
strong belief that your safe journey has been due to the blessings granted by God the Almighty
and the Most Merciful to Whom we without any further due have to express our gratitude and
praise.
It is indeed a privilege for Yogyakarta State University to have the opportunity to organise
this very important conference in which educational researchers and practitioners get together to
share ideas, experiences, expectations, and research findings. This conference is held as one of
the items in the agenda of Yogyakarta State University to celebrate its 52nd anniversary.
Research is one of the activities among the academic members of a university. It is a
systematic effort to solve the problems or answer the questions by collecting data, formulating
the generalities based on the data, then finding and developing organized knowledge by scientific
method. It is expected that from research activities valuable empirical facts can be obtained to
improve and develop the theory and practice to bring a better quality of education.
In line with it, the advancement of science and technology, sport, languages, and art
should be dedicated to not only facilitate the human life, but also to educate human beings
themselves with values to be high quality beings, good citizens, and more humble people to God.
If we produce a gun, it may kill people; if we make insecticide, it may kill insects. However, in
the hands of good people, the gun may be used to protect them from a maniac; bioinsecticide can
be used to protect crops from harmful insects. The quality of human beings is the key to using or
applying the advancement of science, technology, languages, sport, and art.
The fourth International Conference on Educational Research and Innovation (ICERI)
aims at bringing together researchers, educators, scientists, engineers, and scholar students to
exchange and share their experiences, new ideas, and research findings about all aspects of
education, research and innovation, and discuss the practical challenges encountered and the
solutions adopted to develop humanity and the quality of human life. In response to this, in this
year to support the roles of the Institute of Research and Community Services of Yogyakarta State
University in encouraging researchers to conduct high-quality researches, an International
Conference on Educational Research and Innovation (ICERI) is held under the umbrella theme
of ―Research, Education, and Innovation for Developing High Quality and Humane People.‖ It
This fourth conference is aimed at discussing the papers on the research findings related
to Educational research for human quality development, Character educational research for
building humanity, research, education, and innovation on science and technology, sport,
economics, social sciences, language and arts for improving human life. It is expected that this
conference will reach its declared objectives succeesfully as a strategic forum to yield
recommendations on the improving the human life through research, education, and innovation.
To conclude, let me wish you a fruitful discussion during the conference and an enjoyable
stay in Yogyakarta.
Thank you very much for your attention.
Wassalamu’alaikum warrahmatullah wabarakatuh.
May peace and God’s blessings be upon you all
v
His Excellency General Director of Research & Development, Ministry of Research and
Technology and Higher Education,
Rector of Yogyakarta State University,
Vice Rectors and Deans of all faculties,
Honourable Heads of Institutes of Research and Community Service of the surrounding
universities,
Distinguished all invited speakers and all other speakers,
Distinguished guests,
All participants,
Ladies and gentlemen,
Assalamu’alaikum warrahmatullah wabarakatuh.
May peace and God’s blessings be upon you all.
Good morning.
First of all allow me to extend my warmest greetings and welcome to you all to the 4th
International Conference on Educational Research and Innovation, held by Yogyakarta State to
celebrate its 52nd anniversary.
Raising the theme
–
Research, Education, and Innovation for Developing High Quality and
Humane People - this conference is designed to discuss the papers on the research findings related
to aspects of education, research and innovation, and discuss the practical challenges encountered
and the solutions adopted to develop humanity and the quality of human life.. Hopefully, all
discussions in this conference can be inspiring and useful for us to improve the quality of
education and educational research.
Ladies and gentlemen,
For your information, we will proudly present one keynote speech, four plenary presentation
sessions and four parallel presentation sessions. Eight outstanding speakers in the field of
character education and educational research have been invited. They are Dr. Ir. Muhammad
Dimyati, M. Sc., General Director of Research & Development, Ministry of Research and
Technology and Higher Education as the keynote speaker, Rachel Parker, Ph.D. from Australian
Council of Educational Research (ACER), Derek W. Patton, Ph.D. from Asia Pacific Network
for Moral Education (APNME), Prof. Drs. Toho Cholik Thohir, Mutohir, M.A., Ph.D. from IKIP
Mataram, Prof. Suwarsih Madya, M.A., Ph.D. from Yogyakarta State University, Hardi Julendra,
S.Pt, M.Sc., from Research Centre for Technology of Natural Materials, Ana R. Otero, Ph. D.
From AMINEF, USA, and Megat Ahmad Kamaluddin Megat Daud, Ph.D. from University
of Malaya, Malaysia.
Ladies and gentlemen,
At the end of my speech, I would like to kindly request the Rector of Yogyakarta State University
to officially open the conference.
To conclude, let me wish you a productive discussion and a fruitful conference.
Thank you very much for your attention.
Wassalamu’alaikum warrahmatullah wabarakatuh.
May peace and God’s blessings be upon you all
Yogyakarta, 11 May, 2016
Head of Research Institute and Community
Service of Yogyakarta State University
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
MESSAGE FROM THE RECTOR OF ... iii
MESSAGE FROM THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ... v
TABLE OF CONTENT ... vii
AT RISK AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN IN SCHOOL: TOWARDS
SOLUTIONS
Derek Patton ... 1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON THE QUALITY OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION AND SPORT FOR IMPROVING HEALTH AND WELL-
BEING
Prof. Toho Cholik Mutohir, Drs. MA., Ph.D. ... 8
SHYNES,
PROSOCIALITY
AND
AGRESSION
STABILITY
IN
CHILDREN AGE 6 TO 11 (A LONGITUDINAL STUDY WITH TURKISH
SAMPLE)
Serdal Seven ... 20
THE EFFECT OF SITUATIONAL FACTORS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
FACTORS OF STUDENTS IN THE CHOICE OF THE MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING EXPERTISE PROGRAM IN VOCATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOLS IN THE YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL TERRITORY
Dwi Rahdiyanta ... 24
THE SELECTION DICISION SUPPORT SYSTEM OF STUDENTS
ELIGIBLE
FOR
SCHOLARSHIPS
WITH
SIMPLE
ADDIPTIVE
WEIGHTING METHOD (CASE : SMK MAHADHIKA 2 JAKARTA)
Bay haqi, Jonser Sinaga ... 33
EXPLORING ONLINE SOCIAL CAPITAL AND GENERALISED SOCIAL
CAPITAL AMONG YOUTHS
Sheau Tsuey Chong1, Denise Koh Choon Lian2, Fauziah Ibrahim3 , Samsudin A.Rahim1, Fatin
Nabilah Abu Hassan1 ... 40
BRIDGING QUALIFIED HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: PROSPECTS AND
CHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASS PROGRAM
Dewi Nur Suci1, Mulyono2 ... 46
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM ON
ACTION CLASS RESEARCH AND RESEARCH PUBLICATION IN HULU
SUNGAI SELATAN REGENCY, SOUTH KALIMANTAN
Deasy Arisanty1, Ellyn Normelani 2 ... 55
CONTEXT, INPUT, PROCESS AND PRODUCT EVALUATION OF THE
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PROGRAM IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL
EMPLOYEE
ENGAGEMENT:
DRIVING
T
HE
EMPLOYEES’
ORGANIZATIONAL QUALITY OF LIFE
Roberto M. Arguelles1 and Danica Jane Madarang2 ... 71
“TIP
-
EX” AS AN EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING MODEL TO
ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF EDUCATORS IN THE ERA OF GLOBAL
COMPETITION
Surya Jatmika1, Alfrits Roul Sinadia2, Kriswantoro3, Maryatul Qibtiyah4 ... 80
BENEFITS
MATHEMATICAL
MINDSET
OF
MANAGEMENT
EDUCATION
Lusi Rachmiazasi Masduki1; Eem Kurniasih2 ... 86
AUDIOVISUAL LEARNING MEDIA AND SOCIAL LEARNING:
GENERATING ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ SOCIAL AWARENESS
THROUGH TEAMWORK LEARNING DURING THE PROCESS OF
VIDEO PRODUCTION
Adi Suryani ... 92
TUTORS QUALITY ANALYSIS AND BACKGROUND DIFFERENCES AT
FACULTY
OF
MEDICINE
UNIVERSITAS
MUHAMMADIYAH
SURAKARTA
N. Juni Triastuti 1 , Efrayim Suryadi 2, Harsono 3 ... 100
THE DETERMINANT FACTORS INFLUENCING METACOGNITIVE
ASPECT OF THE ICT-BASED DISTANCE LEARNING GRADUATES
Slameto ... 107
DEVELOPING MEASURING TECHNIQUE TEXT BOOK TO INCREASE
THE STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT IN MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY
OF PURWOREJO
Suyitno ... 117
THE ACTION FOR IMPROVING SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL OF
STUDENTS’ THROUGH SCIENTIFIC APPROACH AND THE USE ICT
SUPPORT IN VOLUMETRIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AT SMK
–
SMAK BOGOR
Jaslin Ikhsan1, Septi Riyanningsih2, and Sulistiowati3 ... 121
ONLINE QUIZZES FOR E-LEARNERS: THE STUDENT FEEDBACKS
Zulnaidi Yaacob ... 126
THE AUTIST
IC INDIVIDUALS’ STATUS OF COMPLIANCE WITH
SOCIAL RULES
Abdurrahman MENGİ1 ... 130
BIOLOGY MODULE USING THINK PAIR SHARE STRATEGY TO
IMPROVE THE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF THE VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MALANG
Husnul Chotimah1), Herawati Susilo2), Mimien Henie Irawati3), and Ibrohim4) ... 136
ix
IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATION FOR ALL SALATIGA CENTRAL
JAVA - INDONESIA
Dr. Bambang Ismanto, M.Si ... 143
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTER-RELIGIOUS EDUCATION FOR
SUPPORTING
STUDENTS'
CAPACITY
IN
INTER-RELIGIOUS
TOLERANCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION (A CASE STUDY IN SANATA
DHARMA UNIVERSITY)
Alexander Hendra Dwi A. ... 150
PEDAGOGICAL PARADIGM OF REFLECTION AS A METHOD OF
LEARNING TO BUILD CHARACTER
Dr. B.A. Rukiyanto, S.J. ... 157
IMPROVING TRAINEE’S CHARACTER THROUGH SOFT SKILLS
PROGRAM IN VOCATIONAL TRAINING CURRICULUM
Cahyani Windarto ... 165
AN INTEGRATED LOCAL WISDOM LEARNING AS A MODEL OF
DEVELOPING MORAL CHARACTER
Badeni ... 172
CHARACTER EDUCATION IN SINGAPORE INDONESIAN SCHOOL
Akhmad Fakhrurroji1 and Dwi Sri WahyuAmalika2 ... 182
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM- BASED LEARNING ON CRITICAL
THINKING AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN THE 1 BANTUL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL
Rizqa Devi Anazifa ... 190
DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING MATERIAL ON THE SUBJECT OF
SOUND WITH ARTICULATION LEARNING MODEL
Syubhan An’nur, Mastuang, and Lonesti Agussesya Sandan ... 194
EFFECTIVENESS PHYSICS MODULE CLASS X USING COOPERATIVE
LEARNING MODEL WITH A PEER ASSESSMENT
Misbah1, Mustika Wati2, and Putrie Aprilia Lestari3 ... 199
THE VALIDITY OF PHYSICS MODULE CLASS X ACCOMPANIED
PEER ASSESSMENT PEER IN TOPIC CIRCULAR MOTION
Mustika Wati, Misbah, and Putrie Aprilia Lestari ... 203
SELF- DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM BASED ON HYBRID LEARNING TO
INCREASE CHEMISTRY TEACHER ABILITY OF RESEARCH AND
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS WRITING
Antuni Wiyarsi1, Sukisman Purtadi2 ... 207
CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND MEDIA
Erhan GÖRMEZ1 ... 214
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CHEMISTRY COMPENDIA OF
Jamil Suprihatiningrum ... 221
PROBLEM SOLVING-BASED LEARNING TOOLS TO IMPROVE THE
SCIENCE PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS
Ikhwan Khairu Sadiqin1, Uripto Trisno Santoso 2, Arif Sholahuddin 3 ... 230
DEVELOPMENT WATSON-GLASER CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
ASSESSMENT IN SCIENCE LAB COURSE
Setiyo Prajoko1, Mohamad Amin2, Fatchur Rohman3, Muhana Gipayana4 ... 240
DEVELOPMENT
OF
A
TEST
TO
PROBE
STUDENTS’
UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF ELECTRICITY
Jose Paulo Dela Cruz ... 250
DEVELOPMENT OF BLENDED LEARNING MODEL IN OBJECT
ORIENTED PROGRAMMING FOR ENHANCING VOCATIONAL
STUDENTS’ ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
Thasrimadhani 1 , Chepy Perdana2, Mukhidin3 ... 263
TEACHING FACTORY LEARNING PROCESS AT VEHICLE'S BODY
REPAIRING AND PAINTING WORKSHOP OF FACULTY OF
ENGINEERING YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY
Tawardjono Us1, Noto Widodo2, Ibnu Siswanto3, Bambang Sulistyo4 ... 267
LECTURERS’ PATRONAGE AND INTEGRATION OF MORAL VALUES
IN SPORT PSYCHOLOGY LEARNING AS A MEANS TO BUILD
STUDENTS’ OBEDIENCE AND HONESTY
Dimyati1, Margono2 ... 275
THE DIFFERENCE OF THE FATIGUE PERCEPTION, EXERCISE
PULSE RATE, AND BLOOD LACTIC LEVEL AFTER DOING MULTY
STAGE FITNESS TEST AND YO-YO INTERMITTEND RECOVERY
TEST
Eka Novita Indra, Budi Aryanto, Loly Zulfiani ... 283
BRINGING VOLUNTARY FINANCIAL EDUCATION IN EMERGING
ECONOMY: ROLE OF FINANCIAL SOCIALIZATION DURING
ELEMENTARY YEARS
Ratna Candra Sari1, Annisa Ratna Sari2, Sariyatul Ilyana3, Eka Legya Frannita4 ... 291
URBAN POVERTY IN YOGYAKARTA: STRUCTURE AND POLICY
PERSPECTIVE
Aula Ahmad Hafidh Saiful Fikri, Maimun Sholeh, Kiromim Baroroh ... 298
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LEVEL OF EDUCATION WITH
COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS IN FLOOD PRONE AREA
Rosalina Kumalawati, Nevy Farista Aristin1, Agus Purnomo2 ... 308
SYAILENDRA AND SANJAYA DYNASTY TRACES IN DEWATA
CENGKAR TOURISM VILLAGE TERRITORY
xi
EVENT MARKETING AND BRAND EQUITY: THE MEDIATING ROLES
OF EXPERIENCE AND ATTITUDE
Roberto M. Arguelles1, Joel Moises R. Dizon2, Donn Virnigilio Ypil3 ... 319
DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH
THE SNACK PRODUCTS ENTREPRENEURIAL FOR GROWING THE
SPIRIT
OF
ENTERPRISE
AT
'AISYIYAH
MLATI,
SLEMAN,
YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL REGION
Widodo 1, Aliyah Rasyid Baswedan 2, Marwanti 3 ... 327
MUSIC TEACHING MODEL IN THE NETHERLANDS
Dr. Kun Setyaning Astuti, M.Pd., Dr. Agus Widyantoro, M.Pd., Prof. Theo Wubbles, Ph.D. and Dr. Karin Hoogeven ... 334
MANAGEMENT CREATIVE MUSIC TRAINING MODEL TO INCREASE
ARTS LEARNING COMPETENCE ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TEACHER
Totok Sumaryanto F. ... 342
THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF NUSANTARA ETHNIC MASK
Martono ... 347
THE INTEGRATION OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION IN THE
SPEAKING SKILL-RELATED COURSES
Berry Septiana, M.Pd ... 353
EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE STYLE FOR BUILDING YOUNG
GENERATION’S CHARACTER
Eripuddin1, Ummi Rasyidah2 ... 362
FUTURE LEADERS IN MAKING: SUPREME PUPIL GOVERNMENT
AND ITS RELEVANCE TO LEADERSHIP SKILLS FORMATION
Christine Lyzandra O. Andrade1, John Roeve S. Tulali2, Fernando P. Oringo3 ... 366
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CAKE CULINARY PRODUCTION
PROCESS MOVIE AS ENTREPRENEURSHIP LEARNING MEDIA TO
INCREASE COLLEGE STUDENTS CREATIVITY
Dr. Ninik Sudarwati, MM. ... 372
ENHANCING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIAN MANPOWER
THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF "RECOGNITION OF WORK
EXPER
IENCE AND LEARNING OUTCOME (ReWELO)” THROUGH
COMPETENCY TESTS
Zamtinah1, Ariadie Chandra Nugraha2 ... 378
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND SCHOOL ACCOUNTABILITY
Siti Irene Astuti Dwiningrum ... 383
INTRODUCING LESSON STUDY IN SMK NEGERI 9 MALANG
Tri Endarwati ... 392
OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Bonar Hutapea1 ... 396
REVISITING THE HUMANE DIMENSION OF
ADAB
IN ISLAMIC
SCHOLARSHIP; A REFLECTION ON CONTEMPORARY PRACTICES
Nailil Muna Yusak ... 402
USING SPATIAL DATA ON INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA
Agus Purnomo1, Nevy Farista Aristin2 ... 411
A RESEARCH ABOUT PROFILES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES TEACHERS
ON CLASS MANAGEMENT
Zakir TAŞKIN1, Zihni MEREY2 ... 417
EXPLORATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF BLACK BOX METHOD IN
DEVELOPING EXPERIMENTAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION
DESIGN LEARNING
Moh. Rusnoto Susanto, S.Pd, M.Sn (Chairman) Sugiyamin, S.Sn, Hum (Member 1), Insanul Qisti Barriyah, A.Md, S.Sn, M.Sn (Member 2), Dwi Susanto, S. Pd, M. Pd (Member 3), M. Lugis, S.Pd, M.Sn (Member 4) ... 420
A STUDY ON TEACHER CANDIDATES’ ATTITUDES TOWAR
DS
MOBILE LEARNING IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Hasan Basri MEMDUHOĞLU1, Fırat ÜNSAL2 ... 429
13
PERFORMANCE OF THE BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM IN
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATION FOR ALL SALATIGA
CENTRAL JAVA - INDONESIA
Dr. Bambang Ismanto, M.Si
bam_ismanto@yahoo.com
Lecturer of Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the basic education program as the implementation of education for all. Evaluation of the program by using the model CIPP (context, Input, Process and Product). The study was conducted with a qualitative approach conducted in Salatiga. Technical data collection using documentation studies, interviews and focus group discussion. Which is the source of information is the officials of the Department of Education, Regional Development Planning Agency, the Office of Management and Financial Policies in Salatiga. Research. The results showed that the primary education program in Salatiga has managed to create the access and equity. The gross enrollment rate (GER) at primary school level of about 115,53 % and junior high school of about 125,43 %. While the net enroollment rate (NER) on SD / MI approximately 110,20 % and SMP : 93,80 % . Evaluation of basic education programs still show problems in terms of quality and support costs. Improving the quality of education has not been backed up with the kind of teacher education that is relevant to elementary and Subjects. School Operational Cost sourced from state and local budgets can not meet the needs of the school budget.
Keywords: Evaluation, Basic Education Program, CIPP
Quality of life is determined by education attained by a person. Education will change in a positive way (to improve and develop) the ability to match a person's potential. The ability to read, count and write the basis for understanding, explaining, analyzing, evaluating up to troubleshooting.
The relative definition of quality has two aspects to it. The first is concerned with measuring up and ensuring conformity to a predetermined specification. In an industrial setting quality is achieved by products or services meeting a predefined specification in a consistent fashion. Quality is demonstrated by a producer having a system, known as a quality assurance system, that supports the consistent production of the good or service to a particular standard or specification (Sallis 2002: 13)
The Indonesian government to guarantee basic education to the population without exception. It is mandated in Article 11 of Law No. 20 of 2003 follows:
The Government and local governments have to provide services and facilities, and ensure the implementation of quality education for every citizen without discrimination. The Government and local governments have to
ensure the availability of funds for the implementation of education for every Indonesian citizen from aged seven to fifteen (Article 11 The Law 20/2003).
The Indonesian government along with 189 other countries have agreed to realize the millennium development goals. The second goal of MDGs is Achieve Universal Primary Education. Target 2.A: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. The measurement for this target in Indonesia uses the following indicators: (1) Primary school net enrolment ratio (NER) 7–12 years); (2) Junior high school net enrolment ratio (13–15 years); and (3) Literacy rate of the 15–24 year age group.
Indonesia’s ambitious decentralization program is transforming the nature and level of public service delivery, including education. How decentralization applies to the education system has been defined in Education Law 20/2003, which transfers the principal responsibilities, authority, and resources for the delivery of education to lower levels of government, while some decision making power is transferred to schools themselves. There are four key conditions for decentralization to overcome barriers and stimulate educational development: (i) clear division of responsibilities and power among the different levels of government, (ii) greater decisionmaking power and autonomy to local governments, (iii) greater voice of teachers and parents on how schools operate, and (iv) effective accountability mechanisms and financial structures that are consistent with educational goals ( The World Bank : 2004:15).
In terms of financing basic education, Ismanto states that The government guarantees the implementation of decentralization by allocating government budget (Budget). Financial balance between the Government and the local government as the distribution system based on the principles of fairness, proportional, democratic, transparent, and accountable in the funding of decentralization, taking into account the potential, conditions, and needs of the area and the amount of funding of deconcentration and assistant task.
Education in Indonesia is strategically aligned with the achievement of Education for All (EFA) goals as agreed by UNESCO Member States on Dakar convention in Senegal, 2000. The Education for All goals to be achieved in 2015 as stated in Dakar agreement are: First, expanding and improving comprehensive early childhood care and education, especially for the most vulnerable and disadvantaged children. Second, ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in diffi cult circumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access to and complete, free and compulsory primary education of good quality. Third, ensuring that the learning needs of all young people and adults are met through equitable access to appropriate learning and life- skills programs. Fourth, achieving a 50 percent improvement in levels of adult literacy by 2015, especially for women, and equitable access to basic and continuing education for all adults. Fifth, eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring girls’ full and equal access to
and achievement in basic education of good quality. Sixth, improving all aspects of the quality of education and ensuring excellence of all so that recognized and measurable learning outcomes are achieved by all, especially in literacy, numeracy and essential life skills.
Based on the results of the 1945 amendments IV (fourth) in 2002 is about education, forms of government support has poured in Article 31, paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Especially for financial support explicitly stated in Article 31, paragraph 4, which reads "The State prioritizes education budget at least 20% of the State Budget (APBN) and of Revenue and Expenditure (APBD) to meet the needs national implementation ".
Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2015-2019 prepared by several paradigms that are universal, national, in accordance with the values and the condition of Indonesia. Paradigm is meant Education for All; Lifelong Education; Education as a movement; Produce Education Learner; Shaping Character Education; Exciting school; Building Education Culture; This paradigm is the basis for the determination of personnel and formation of Vision Ecosystem Education and Culture Based Character with the Mutual Cooperation. Seven educational ecosystem elements are as follows: 1. Schools Conducive; 2. Teacher as encouragement; 3. Parents Involved On; 4. People are Very Concerned; 5. Important Role Industry; 6. Professional Organizations Contribute to the Great; 7. Optimal Role of Government.
Indonesia will increasingly depend on greater levels of educational attainment and a more highly skilled workforce if it is to develop a more advanced and diversified economy and improve its international competitiveness. The trend towards greater open trade within ASEAN and with People’s Republic of China and other nations, will intensify the need for Indonesia to catch up. Resorting to protectionist economic policies would only hold Indonesia back by sheltering its firms from competition that drives innovation, reducing its attractiveness to foreign investment, and encouraging an outflow of its most highly skilled people (OECD : 2015:28).
15
success of education at the next level, so that the focus of improving the quality of early childhood education in the next five years is to increase compliance with the standards of early childhood services. Improving the quality of basic and secondary education learning supported by more and more involvement of students in the class interactively, so as to encourage students' creativity, the power of critical thinking and analytical skills. Targeted increase in significant gains in national test results and the results of international tests. Quality improvement in primary and secondary education is closely related to the development and implementation of the curriculum as well. Character education is meant to build character, build character, and develop the personality of students. Meanwhile, citizenship education is intended to increase national awareness in among school-age children, thus forming an understanding of the social plurality and cultural diversity in the community, which affects the willingness to build social harmony, cultivate an attitude of tolerance and maintain unity in diversity (MoEC:2015).
Evaluation of the performance of basic education in Salatiga be of strategic importance. Basic Education SD / MI and SMP / MTs is mandatory for the entire population aged 7-12 years. Government provides learning facilities and the operating budget for the provision of basic education. Primary education became a priority program in the vision of the development program of Salatiga Year 2011-2016. Evaluation of the program implemented by the CIPP method. According to Stufflebeam (2007: 331), states that The CIPP Model has a strong orientation to service and the principles of a free society. This models is based on learning by doing and an ongoing effort to identify and correct mistakes made in evaluation practices. This means that the core values of the CIPP includes 4 key importance is the context (goals), Input (plans), processes (actions) and products (outcomes). CIPP is relevant to the evaluation of educational programs as a strategy for human resources development in the era of regional autonomy. Decentralization, local government and the community having an ample opportunity to identify needs and potential resources to improve the welfare and quality of life. Basic education becomes an important and strategic, performance will determine the quality of basic education students go on to high school or vocational school.
This study was conducted using a qualitative approach to the evaluation of basic education programs in Salatiga. The evaluation was done by the context, input, process and
product (CIPP).
According to Stufflebeam (2007: 126), The CIPP model’s core concept are denoted by the acronym CIPP, which stands for evaluation of an entity’s context, input, processes and products. Contex evaluations assess needs, problems, assets and opportunities to help decision makers define goals and priorities and to help the relevant users judge goals, priorities, and outcomes. Input evaluations asses alternative approaches, competing action plans, staffing plans, and budgets for their feasibility and potential cost – effectiveness to meet targeted needs and achieve goals. Process evaluation assess the implementation of plans to help staff carry out activities and, later, to help the broad group of users judge program implementation and interpret outcomes. Product evaluations, identify and assess outcomes – intended and unintended, short term and long term – to help a staff keep an enterprise focused on achieving important outcomes and ultimately to help the broader group of users gauge the efforts succes in meeting targeted needs.
Technical data collection is done through the study of documentation, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Documents sourced from the basic educational performance Education Profile, Performance Report on Education for All, Report on Accountability Description Salatiga Mayor of the Year 2015. Interviews were conducted with officials of the Regional Planning Board and the Department of Education, Youth and Sports, Department of Regional Financial Management, Salatiga , FGD conducted with officials related to planning and monitoring the implementation of educational programs, community, Supervisor and Principal, and NGOs in Salatiga. Data analysis was conducted according kosepsi (Miles and Huberman: 1984), with the steps of data reduction, data display and conclusion / verification.
education and equitable access to education, and the availability of scholarships for disadvantaged students. The field of education becomes the focus of the development program on the grounds that education is meeting the basic needs of society and improving the quality of human resources. Through qualified human resources can be used as capital for Salatiga for development towards the welfare of society.
Local Government Salatiga establish basic educational policy is (1). Improving access to and expanding learning opportunities for all school age children in quality either through formal education and non-formal education channels with the main target the poor, (2). Improving the quality and relevance of basic education, so that graduates have the basic competencies to live in the community and / or continuing education to higher education. (3). Improving the quality of school culture and school management efficiency, as well as governance and management accountability utilization of education resources so that all agencies can perform their roles effectively and efficiently. strategy implementation conducted, as follows: (1). Increasing the quantity and quality of compulsory education movement in Salatiga by involving various related elements. (2). Prioritizing programs that directly have a direct influence on improving access, quality and relevance of the implementation of the 9 year basic education program. (3). Enhancing the role and participation in various forms to support the 9 year basic education program.(4). Improving the curriculum and technical assistance to support its appropriateness. (5). Make special efforts more effectively and efficiently targets for working people who are not affordable by organizing a variety of alternative education, (6). Providing full authority and responsibility to the Government of Salatiga to support the implementation of the 9 year basic education (RPJMD Salatiga 2011-2016).
Population aged 4-6 years of school in kindergarten / RA 2015 approximately 72.34%, up 11.20 compared to 2014 (61.14%). This indicates that in Salatiga, still relatively many students of class 1 SD / MI who do not follow the pre-school. It also means that there are students in SD / MI were age 6 years or ineligible compulsory school age (7 years). This has implications for the management of SD / MI primarily grade 1 teacher to prepare specifically in reading, writing and arithmetic. Population aged 7 -15 years in Salatiga who attended classes SD / MI and SMP / MTs already reached the target. The gross enrollment rate of
population aged 7-12 years enrolled in primary school / MI 2015 approximately 115.53%, up 5.33% compared to 2014 (110.20%). While the net enrollment rate in 2014 of about 94.18%, in 2015 rose approximately 16.02% to 110.20%. The gross enrollment rate of population aged 12- 15 years were enrolled in SMP / MTs in 2015 approximately 125.43%, up 10.48% compared to 2014 (114.95%). While the net enrollment rate in 2014 of about 81.98%, in 2015 rose approximately 11.82% to 93.80% (Education Profile of Salatiga Year 2013). The increase in education NER in Salatiga relatively large as the implications of the increasing number of students who come from outside the city of Salatiga. Conditions as the implications of the geographical location of Salatiga is located in the middle of Semarang District administrative area and the quality of education. The existence of basic education facilities in Salatiga relatively affordable so rely more efficient for the people of the District of Semarang, Boyolali and Magelang regency. In addition, the quality of basic education development Salatiga become strategic considerations surrounding communities.
Discussion of the research conducted by the evaluation approach to context, input, process and product (CIPP) of the Basic Education Program as the implementation of education for all in Salatiga. Evaluation is based on a critical review conducted by the performance targets of compulsory education and development programs in 2015 compulsory basic education into a determinant of success in entering secondary education. Evaluation is also linked to the quality of management education SD / MI and SMP / MTs in Salatiga. The issue of quality is essential and strategic autonomy. This is relevant to the study of the World Bank (2014: 19), which states that :
Improving education quality across the system is the key educational challenge for Indonesia today, and even concerns about equity and serving the poor must be couched in terms of universal access to education of acceptable quality. Decentralization can potentially help to meet this quality challenge—by spreading the governance and managerial responsibility for improving better education across different stakeholders, by strengthening accountability mechanisms, and by enhancing incentives to innovate.
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education is mandated by the Constitution of 1945, Act No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System, the government's commitments in the Declaration Development Goals Millennium especially Education for All and Development Priorities Salatiga in 2011 - 2016. This means that the basic education in SD / MI and SMP / MTs in Salatiga inplementasi national program. Decentralization of educational programs to local governments mendinamiskan Salatiga in the implementation of educational programs. In the context of regional development, education as the implementation of the Development Vision for the Year 2011-2016, which Salatiga as a prosperous, independent and dignified. More specifically, the implementation of the vision of education as a "prosperous" in improving the fulfillment of basic services. As a priority development, education becomes the focus in the setting of Medium Term Development Plan, Work Plan and the Local Government Development Budget and Expenditure. It is as the implications of Salatiga as Education City. In an effort to improve access, equity and quality of basic education, the Government outlines RPJMD Salatiga, and the Education Strategic Plan to the Regional Action Plan for Education for All. This plan describes the output (target) EFA into the activities to be carried out the Department of Education, Youth and Sports Salatiga. It can be concluded, in the context of the basic education program as the implementation of a national education program, the focus of the MDGs and Local Government in improving the quality of human resources.
Input basic education program in Salatiga relevant to Education For Alls.Jumlah SD in Salatiga as many as 107 units with as many as 19 232 learners. Total SMP / MI 41 units with as many as 11 071 learners. All students TK / RA is accommodated as a learning group in SD / MI. Similarly, graduates SD / MI prepared to enter the SMP / MTs. The ratio of students per teacher in elementary school in 2015 around 14.13 and SMP / MTs: 13.35. Feasibility teachers teach in SD/MI, SMP/MTs and SMA/SMK is certified Bachelor Degree or Diploma IV and higher (Act 14/2005: Teachers and Lecturers). The number of teachers teaching in primary schools worthy of 1,064 people or 79.40%. Teachers are not worth teaching at primary school level by 276 people or 20.60%. Teachers eligible to teach in junior high as 726 (89.52%) and inadequate teaching: 85 (10.48%). Low teacher eligible in elementary, because most teachers are still educated Diloma II. Classrooms as a vital infrastructure of the school is divided into three conditions, namely good, slightly damaged and severely damaged.
At the elementary level good infrastructure amounted to 611 spaces, or 86.06%. The number of classrooms in the SMP was good for room 357 or 89.92%. Meanwhile, the number of classrooms in elementary heavily damaged by 19 spaces, or 2.68%. The amount of space the computer in elementary good by 61 or 81.33%, damaged by 14 spaces or 18.67 while the computer room at the SMP was good for 24 spaces. Primary education budget is still a problem in Salatiga. Interviews and focus group activities concluded that the free education policy at the level of SD / MI and SMP / MTs constraint management. The whole school is prohibited charge fees to parents. In fact Assistance Operational Costs can not meet all the needs of education in schools. Restrictions on the use of BOS also an obstacle for schools in allocating to implement programs that are especially relevant to quality improvement. Most SD / MI and SMP / MTs in Salatiga has an obligation to pay the honorarium for temporary teachers, security personnel and administration. On the Organizational Structure of SD / MI there are no administrative personnel and security. This has implications, recruitment of permanent and paid with non budgetary. In addition, due to inconsistent Local Government to replace teachers who have retired resulted School recruiting temporary employees. From the discussions, it can be concluded that the issue of basic education inputs in Salatiga is the policy of free education, teachers and education personnel and budgetary support from the local government. Meanwhile, the allocation of Salatiga city budget constrained Regulation and limited sources of revenue. Most of the revenue budget (> 75%) from the state budget. The entire budget allocation provisions stipulated by the Act and Regulations and the Decree of the Ministry of Finance, Education and National Development Planning Agency. Community empowerment in education funding relative face constraints formation of perceptual free compulsory education. On the other hand, not all schools have the teachers and the support of the School Committee who have competence in planning quality based education programs. From this discussion it can be concluded that the input requires more thought in improving the quality of basic education is the fulfillment of a qualified teacher, the education budget and community support.
Youth and Sports, Board of Education, Principal and coordinated the Regional Planning Board. Planning documents in accordance with the educational program and the regulation of regional finance. Each school is required to draw up a School Development Plan and Activity Plan and Budget School. In an interview with the Principal concluded that management of SD / MI experiencing difficulties in preparing the plan (program and budget). According to them, not all of the Principal have competence in planning educational programs and school budgets. In general, the head of SD / MI and SMP / MTs have never attended a special training as a structural position. Principal is not official structures, but rather as an additional task for teachers with the main task of teaching. In addition, the absence of administrative personnel in SD is also becoming a bottleneck in the planning process. Relatively complex bureaucracy in program planning and management commitments less budget support SD / MI and SMP / MTs in improving the quality of education. School management had trouble following the process of planning, coordination and bureaucratic administration and finance program. Meanwhile, the FGD stated that the Department of Education and Bappeda facing constraints to optimize access to the program and budget, especially for SD / MI. Permasalahnya relatively large and relatively complex. To solve this coordination Regional Technical Implementation Unit should be able to coordinate. Thus, the problem (need) each school can be identified, proposed activities can be accommodated, realistic budget calculation and guaranteed to be allocated in the budget plan Salatiga. The process of education SD / MI and SMP / MTs relatively accordance with the provisions set minimum service standards. Implementation of the program is implemented in accordance Salatiga City budget implementation document after approval of Parliament with the mayor of Salatiga. Supervision of the program carried out by the Inspectorate of Salatiga. Some programs that diaalokasi of the budget supervision by the Financial Supervisory Board and Audit Board Pembangan. It can be concluded that the process of planning, implementation and monitoring of programs implemented according to regulations and the terms of financial management.
Evaluation of the output of the basic education program shows achieving the target of basic education gross enrollment rate both SD / MI and SMP / MTs. The geographical position amid Salatiga Semarang District and other districts affecting NER. Residents on the outskirts of Additional District utilizes basic
education facilities in Salatiga. National exam graduation rate at the primary level of 100% and SMP: 99.91%. Meanwhile, the average test scores in basic education since the year 2013 - 2015 exceeded the national target. The quality of education is also the appeal of residents of other regions to school in Salatiga. Performance levels of basic education is supported to continue in secondary education (SMA / SMK) in 2015 was 100% .The level of gender parity indicated by GER at primary school level of 0.08%, which means men are better than women with a difference a little. Gender parity index (GPI) APK best also at primary school level is 1.00, which means balanced between men with women. One of the outcomes of primary education Salatiga is the highest achievement of Human Development Index in Central Java province. HDI of Salatiga 2014 about 79.98, while the HDI Central Java Province: 68.90 and National: 68.78. Still not optimal output due to unmet basic education standard of educational inputs such as teachers, educators, educational infrastructure and limited education budget.
Increasing participation in senior secondary education is vital for Indonesia: currently fewer than one-third of Indonesians complete secondary education. Increasing this proportion necessitates increasing its relevance to the life, work and further learning prospects of students. This in turn means paying greater attention to the development of cognitive and interpersonal skills. It will also be necessary to allow students flexibility to enter, exit and re-enter education depending on their financial and social circumstances, and to create pathways between academic and vocational tracks (OECD 2015:24).
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and tertiary education, both academic and vocational. Graduates of tertiary education who are roundly educated and skills relevant to the job market will boost productivity and economic growth, thereby increasing capacity for greater investment in education and other services. Improvements in teacher education, in part resulting from better-prepared entrants to pre- service training, will promote better teaching and learning at all levels of education ( OECD : 2015:29);
Based on the discussion above study it can be concluded that the performance of basic education corresponding city EFA targets. Not to mention the entire population of women and men have to follow basic education. Evaluation of context, basic education level SD / MI and SMP / MTs as the implementation of Article 31 UUD 1945, the National Education System, Commitment of MDGs and the implementation of the Government's vision of Salatiga. Education as a form of basic needs. Evaluation of educational inputs indicate they have not met the number of qualified teachers diploma IV / S1 and budget support and regional governments as well as community participation in meeting the operational needs of the school. Management process evaluation of basic education in Salatiga carried out according to regulations and the terms of financial management. Complex bureaucratic process and limited human resources into obstacles and constraints of planning and implementation of basic education programs. Output education shows the entire population aged 7-12 years was registered at the level of SD / MI and SMP / MTs. Outcome of primary education is the achievement of HDI which exceeds the achievements of Central Java Province and National.
REFERENCES
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