APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS TO DETERMINE SALAK-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM THAT MOST APPROPRIATE AND SUSTAINABLE
FOR COMMUNITY
Rahmawaty *1, Abdul Rauf2, dan Idasari Siregar 3
1) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara (USU), North Sumatra, Indonesia
E-mail : rahmawaty@usu.ac.id
2) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara 3) Forestry Services in Tapanuli Selatan District, Sumatera Utara
Summary: Analitical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of multy criteria decision making that able to assist in decision making. This Method has applied in many aspects. One of them can be applied to determine type of agroforestry (salak/Salacca sumatrana-based) in Tapanuli Selatan District, North Sumatera Province. Tapanuli Selatan district especially in Padangsidempuan City is famous as Salak City in Indonesia. This research aimed to determine type of agroforestry base on salak that most appropriate and sustainable to Padangsidempuan Community in Tapanuli Selatan District. This matter was constituted that in Tapanuli Selatan District; most of salak farmer was applied of agroforestry system in its garden farm. This research was used AHP method. In this method was needed expert responder to fill questioner as well as interview to some expert responder. Based on the observation, there are three types salak-based agroforestry system in Tapanuli Selatan, namely: agrisilvikultural, agrosilvopastural, and agroaquaforestry. Result of this research indicate that system type of agroforestry base on continual and most appropriate for Padangsidempuan community in Tapanuli Selatan District is agrosilvopastural type.
Keywords : Analitical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Agroforestry, Tapanuli Selatan
INTRODUCTION
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used in a decision-making process of complex issues such as problems: planning, determination of alternatives, prioritization, selection of wisdom, resource allocation, determining the needs, requirements forecasting, performance planning, optimization, and conflict resolution. AHP method also have the advantage in solving multicriteria problems and unstructured problems (Iryanto, 2008). Decision-making with the AHP method makes it possible to look at the problems with frame arranged, so that the decision-making to be effective. AHP is the working principle of simplifying a complex issue, not structured, strategic and dynamic into parts and arranging structured variable in a hierarchy. One of the most relevant parts of the AHP is related with to give a structure to the problem to be solved through the hierarchy. In this phase, the decision group involved should divide the problem on his fundamental components (Saaty, 1980 cited by Rahmawaty et al. 2011).
In Indonesia, especially in Sumatra, agroforestry systems are often found in upland areas or hillsides are generally formed by conversion of forest land into cultivation land (Michon, et al., 1989). Land management by planting different kinds of crops, such as: rubber, durian, banana, and coconut as a shade of salak have done a lot of salak farmers in Tapanuli Selatan. The
2 existence of agrofotrestry system, which is one form of conservation farming systems should be developed so that land sustainable (sustainable).
Salak farmers in Tapanuli Selatan have been implementing agroforestry systems. Agroforestry systems are found in Tapanuli Selatan, consists of three types, namely: agrisilvikultural, agrosilvopastural, and agroaquaforestry. However, of the three types of agroforestry systems, they are not yet known which type that most appropriate and sustainable for community. Hence, the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is needed. AHP method has many advantages in explaining the decision-making process, as can be depicted graphically so easily understood by all parties involved in the decision-making (Marimin, 2004). Based on the description above, this research needs to be done. This study aimed to determine type of agroforestry base on salak that most appropriate and sustainable to Padangsidempuan Community in Tapanuli Selatan District.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted in six subdistricts in Tapanuli Selatan, namely: Angkola Timur, Angkola Barat, Angkola Selatan, Marancar, Angkola Batang, and Batangtoru. Materials was used in this study, namely: GPS and camera. For AHP was used questionnaire and expert choice software. There are 4 stages in AHP, namely: 1. Preparation of the hierarchy problem (Problem Decomposition), 2. Pairwise comparisons Assessment (Comparative Judgement), 3. Prioritization (Synthesis of Priority), and 4. Logical consistency
Data obtained by distributing questionnaires to the respondents experts. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The first principle of the method is the preparation of AHP hierarchy. AHP method and the data obtained by questionnaire respondents were processed using a computer (Expert Choice). Data analysis using AHP to limit the level of inconsistency in the study was 10%. According to Malczewski (1999) cited by Rahmawaty et al. (2011) if consistency ratio (CR) is less than 0.1, there is a reasonable level of consistency in the pair-wise comparisons. If CR is more than or equal 0.1, the values of the ratio are inconsistent. In the latter case, the original value in the pair wise comparison matrix should be revised. Consistency measurement was be done by using Expert Choice Program. Furthermore, the weighting per individual if consistent, coupled with a geometric average (GA) formula which then results are united in a single table.
GA = n√x1. x
3 Figure 1: Hierarchical levels for decision-making to determine salak-based agroforestry
system that most appropriate and sustainable for community in Tapanuli Selatan
Priority of objective and alternative from each stakeholder using mixed aggregation are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1: Priority of objective using mixed aggregation
Objective Geometric average Priority of objective Ranking
Biodiversity 0.203 0.336 2
Land Properties 0.280 0.464 1
Socioeconomic 0.121 0.200 3
Total 0.604 1
Table 2: Priority of alternative using mixed aggregation
Alternative Geometric average Priority of alternative Ranking
Agrisilvicultural 0.307 0.420 2
Agrosilvopastural 0.384 0.525 1
Agroaquaforestry 0.040 0.055 3
Total 0.731 1
4
Trees are rooted in the role as a safety net and have good nutrient resistance to
drought. The ability of plants to tie up N from the atmosphere is expected to increase
the availability of N in the soil, such asParkia speciosa (
petai)
and
Samanea saman(
trembesi)
which is on site research. These plants have root nodules that may be
where
the
bacteria
live.
Nitrogen
fixing
bacteria
can
be
free.
based on Table 2, the degrees of preference for alternative in this study was categories
as following:
Agrosilvopastural (ranking 1), Agrisilvicultural (ranking2), and
Agroaquaforestry (ranking 3).
Agrosilvopastural become priority number one in Tapanuli Selatan, due to the
implementation of this system, the revenue generated by the public to reach the needs
of decent living and not degraded lands. Besides, agrosilvopastural with a combination
of trees, agricultural crops, and fodder grass is suitable for field conditions in Tapanuli
Selatan that generally slopes. According to Nandariyah (2010) that Salacca sumatrana
has a strong roots, crown width, and be able to withstand rain splash and biomass are
relatively mild so as not to burden the soil with a high degree of slope. Further, Lal
(1989) described that this system can also reduce soil erosion and surface runoff,
improve water infiltration, and maintain soil moisture, improve soil structure, increase
soil organic matter.
CONCLUSIONS
1. AHP is a multi-criteria decision making which can be used to determine salak-based agroforestry system in Tapanuli Selatan.
2. Salak-based agroforestry system that most appropriate and sustainable for community in Tapanuli selatan is Agrosilvopastural.
REFERENCES
Iryanto. (2008). Exposition of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Operations Research: Effective Ways To
Decision Making. USU Press. Medan.
Lal, R. 1989. Agroforestry systems and soil surface management ofatropical alfisol: II , Water run off, soil erosion, and nutrient loss. Agrof. Sys. 8 : 97 - 111.
Marimin. (2004). Teknik and Application Criteria Decision Makers. Penerbit PT.Grasindo.
Jakarta.
Michon, G, F,. Mary, and J. Bompard. (1989). Multistoreyed Agroforestry Garden System in
West Sumatra, Indonesia. In Agroforestry System in The Tropics. Edited by: P.K.R.
Nair. Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Netherlands. p. 242-268.
Nandariyah. (2010). Prevent Avalanche with Salak. .
http://www.antaranews.com/berita/228074/cegah-longsor-dengan-salak.
Rahmawaty., T.R. Villanueva., and M.G. Carandang. (2011). Participatory Land Use Allocation case study in Besitang Watershed. LAP Lambert, Saarbrucken, Germany.
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