ENGLISH PAPERS
Lecturer: Dien Mardiana Yulianti, S.S., M “Reported Speech 1: Say, Tell, and Ask”
This paper was prepared by: The Seventh Group Uci Agustina (11140950000008) Ria Suci Anisa (11140950000021) Ratna Evania Fitriyani (11100950000022)
STUDY PROGRAM OF BIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ISLAMIC STATE OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH UNIVERSIITY JAKARTA
PREFACE
The writer would like to acknowledge countless thanks to the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful, Allah SWT who always give us all the best of this life and there is no doubt about it. Shalawat and Salaam to the Prophet Muhammad SAW and his family. The writer would like to take the opportunity to express her deep and sincere gratitude to the following :
1. Mrs. Dien Mardiana Yulianti S.S., M as first advisor who has guided the writer patiently in writing the script. who has given her expertise and guidance in writing this scientific script and invaluable teaching experience.
2. Anyone that can not be mentioned directly or indirectly who has helped the writer in completing this script. The writer does appreciate any opinion, and suggestion for the improvement of this script.
CONTENT
PREFACE... i
CHAPTER I... 1
INTRODUCTION... 1
A. Background... 1
B. Problem Formulation...1
C. Destination... 1
DISCUSSION... 2
A. Looking at Language... 2
B. Reported Speech Related by Verb and Related by Adverb...3
C. From Other Resources... 4
D. Reporting Questions...5
The Text... 7
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background
English language is international language. If we learn English well, so we can get communication with other people in other country in this world. Beside that, we also get more knowledge which is useful for our country’s advancement, because we can read the literature of English, listen the other country’s streaming radio, and watch the movie. With all of that, finally we have the ability in all of sector.
Reported speech is part of learning the English language and should know how to use is in the language. in this paper the authors will provide knowledge about the Reported Speech.
B. Problem Formulation
1. What is Reported Speech ?
2. How to use say, tell and ask in Reported Speech ? 3. What is the function of Reported Speech ?
C. Destination
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A. Looking at Language
Reported speech included about say, tell and ask. Direct and reported speech
When we want to report someone exact word, we use direct speech: She said, I’m afraid I don’t know him, I’ve never met him before.
When we want to report the general meaning of what someone said, we use reported speech: She said she didn’t know him.
Time and tense
We often move the tense of a verb one step back in reported speech because the original words happened before the reported speech.
Original words Reported speech
I’m sorry. I can’t do that She said she couldn’t Present tense
S+V1s,es+O Past tenseS+V2+O
Here are some possible tense changes.
Original words Reported speech
Present simple / present continuous : S+V1s,es+O / S+TO BE+VING+O
I’m going to the supermarket to buy food for the party.
Past simple / past continuous : S+V2+O / S+WAS,WERE+VING+O
She said she was going to the supermarket to buy food for the party.
Past simple / past continuous : S+V2+O / S+WAS,WERE+VING+O He went in to work late yesterday.
Past perfect simple / past perfect continuous : S+HAD V3+O / S+HAD+BEEN+VING+O She told me he’d gone into work late yesterday. Present perfect simple / continuous :
S+HAVE/HAS+V3+O / S+HAVE/HAS BEEN+VING+O
I’ve had a terrible cold but I’m better now.
Past perfect simple /past perfect continuous : S+HAD+ V3+O / S+HAD+BEEN+VING+O She said she had had a really bad cold.
Past perfect simple / continuous :
S+HAD V3+O / S+HAD+BEEN+VING+O I’d been having loads of trouble with my washing machine so I finally got the plumber in yesterday.
Past perfect simple / continuous :
Modal in present Will :
My mother will look after her plants until she gets back.
Be going to + verb :
They’re going to have a big celebration.
Modal in past Would :
She told me her mother would look after her plants until she gets back.
Was / were going to + verb :
She said they were going to have a big party.
Often we don’t need to change the tense because:
What we’re reporting is still true :
They said that it’s going to be very hot tomorrow. The reporting verb is in the present :
She says she’s going to be late
The original words were in the past simple or past continuous : I love him She said that she loved him
B. Reported Speech Related by Verb and Related by Adverb 1. Related by verb
a. Linking Verb
Linking verb are verb that connect the subject with an adjective or noun that describe it. Linking verb do not show the action. They connect the subject of the
verb to more
information about the subject. The example of it :
The example in sentence :
She said they were going to have a big party. She said she had bought a car.
b. Helping Verb
Is Has Do Appear Remain
Am Have Does Become Seem
Are Had Did Get
Just as the name implies, helping verb sometime called auxiliary verb, help out. The main verb in a sentence.
Helping verbs help explain the sometimes complicated nuances of meaning. For example, they can show expectation, probability, obligation, potential, and direction. Though this may sound complicated, it’s really not. The example to follow will make things more clear.
The example of it :
Can Could Must Has Was Need
Will Would Might Have Were Used to
Shall Should May Had Ought to Dare
The example in sentence : She said she should call her mother. 2. It related by adverb
a. It refers to Verb :
Original words Reported speech
I study English hardly. She said she studied English hardly. b. It refers to Adjective :
often a pronoun has to be changed and the verb is usually moved back a tense, where possible.
Say and tell are the two verbs most commonly used to report statements in English. We can use either say or tell to do this.
she told me… / she said…
The main difference is that when we use told, we normally say who is spoken to, so we have to use it with a direct personal object. When we use say, we don’t normally indicate who is spoken to, or, if we do, we must put to before the object. Compare the following:
Example :
He told me that he was going into hospital for a major operation.
He said that he expected to be kept in for about six weeks.
Note that when we are quoting direct speech, say is the more commonly used verb as say refers to any kind of speech. Tell is used only with the meaning of instruct or inform. Compare the following:
Example :
“You don’t look too happy,” I said.
“I get really stressed at work,” she said.
“Eat properly, exercise regularly and get eight hours’ sleep each night,” I told her
We can also use the object + infinitive pattern with told and other verbs suggesting commands or orders. We cannot use said in this way.
Example : I told her to get a taxi from the station and not to walk.
told + object + about
Note that if we are reporting the topic and not what was actually said, we use this construction. Again, it is not possible with said.
Example :
They told me all about their holiday in Greece..
D. Reporting Questions
Note that we do not use say or tell to report questions. Instead we must use ask with if or whether to report yes/no questions and with the question word for all other types of questions. We normally, but not always, use ask with a direct personal object when reporting questions in this way.
Example :
She asked me if I was going to Dee’s party.
I asked her whether Joan would be coming.
asked + object + to / about
I asked them to turn down the volume on the CD player as I couldn’t
concentrate on what I was reading. They asked me to move to another room.
The Text
"Say it again"
"I'm just popping out to put the car away in the garage. I've left it in the road." — I told my wife that I just was popping out to put the car away in the garage as I had left it in the road. "You be careful. Remember you've had a lot to drink and the police are having a particular purge at the moment in drink driving." — She told me to be careful and reminded me that I had a lot to drink and that the police have a particular purge at the time on drink driving. She is very law-abiding, my wife.
I shut the front door and as I walked down the garden path, I noticed someone standing by the car. It was a policeman. "Very pleasant weather for the time of year." — He pointed out the pleasantness of the weather for the time of year. "Oh er - yes. Absolutely". I hesitated and agreed wholeheartedly. "Is this your car, sir". — He asked me whether it was my car.
"Yes, indeed" I affirmed confidently. "Don't see many of this particular make often. I've sometimes thought of buying one myself." — He reckoned that you did not often see many of that particular make. He sometimes thought of buying one himself. "Oh, really". I expressed interest in his comment.
lot of miles. The man was beginning to get on my nerves. Why didn't he just arrest me for intent to drive a motor car while under the influence of drink?
and that the police have a particular purge at the time on drink driving. She is very law-abiding, my wife.
I shut the front door and as I walked down the garden path, I noticed someone standing by the car. It was a policeman. "Very pleasant weather for the time of year." — He pointed out the pleasantness of the weather for the time of year. "Oh er - yes. Absolutely". I hesitated and agreed wholeheartedly. "Is this your car, sir". — He asked me whether it was my car.
"Yes, indeed" I affirmed confidently. "Don't see many of this particular make often. I've sometimes thought of buying one myself." — He reckoned that you did not often see many of that particular make. He sometimes thought of buying one himself. "Oh, really". I expressed interest in his comment.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mardiana, Dien. 2014. English II. Tangerang Selatan: Universitas Pamulang.
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/say-and-tell.html (being accessed on Saturday, 02th of May 2015 at 12.00 P.M)
http://www.eslbase.com/grammar/say-tell ((being accessed on Saturday, 02th of May 2015 at 14.00 P.M)
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar-videos/reported-speech (being
accessed on Saturday, 02th of May 2015 at 17.00
P.M)http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-speech.html (being accessed on Saturday, 02th of May 2015 at 17.30 P.M)
