Penggunaan Higher
Order Thinking
Skills
(HOTS)
dalam
Peningkatan Mutu
Madrasah
Burhanuddin Tola
Penerapan HOTS dlm Pembelajaran
Kira-kira bagaimana pertanyaan HOTS
suasana pembelajaran in?
Penerapan HOTS dlm Pembelajaran
Kira-kira bagaimana pertanyaan HOTS
suasana pembelajaran in?
Penerapan HOTS dlm Pembelajaran
Kira-kira bagaimana pertanyaan HOTS
suasana pembelajaran in?
PERGESERAN PARADIKMA PENILAIAN
PENDIDIKAN BERMUTU
Kenapa
Kompetensi?
Apakah Kenaikan
Kompetensi
Harus Sesuai atau
Superior
dgn Pertumbuhan?
Kenapa dimulai
dari siswa?
Psi
ko
lo
gi
&
Da
ta
K
A
P
Penilai
E
Guru
Kepsek
MUTU
HASIL BELAJAR
•
ISI
•
PROSES
•
PENDIDIK & TENAGA KPDDK
•
SARANA & PRASARANA
•
PENGELOLAAN
•
PEMBIAYAAN
•
PENILAIAN
STANDAR
SYARAT KEHARUSAN
SYARAT KECUKUPAN
PENILAIAN OLEH PENDIDIK
PENILAIAN OLEH SATUAN PENDIDI
PENILAIAN OLEH PEMERINTAH
EVALUASI KINERJA
(BSNP, BAN-S/M, BAN-PT, BAN-NF)
Model of Educational
Quality Assurance (QA),
Quality Control (QC), and
Quality Improvement (QI)
QA
QC
QI
SK,KI
KD, IN,
HOTS
KOMPETENSI
LULUSAN
Pertanyaan Higher-Order
Thinking Skills (HOTS)
1.
Bagaimana HOTS sebenarnya?
2.
Apakah HOTS dapat meningkatkan
Prestasi Belajar Siswa?
3.
Bagaimana hubungan HOTS dengan
Kurikulum?
4.
Bagaimana pembelajaran berbasis HOTS
5.
Bagaimana level berfikir HOTS?
6.
Bagaimana mengembangkan HOTS?
7.
Bagaimana mengkonstruksi item HOTS?
Keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi
(HOTS) pada dasarnya merupakan
kejadian berpikir seseorang dalam
tingkat lebih tinggi dari suatu hirarki
pengelolaan pengetahuan. Taksonomi
Bloom memberi pengaturan hirarkis
paling diterima dalam bidang
pendidikan dan dapat dilihat sebagai
sebuah kontinum keterampilan berpikir
yang dimulai dengan tingkat
pengetahuan berpikir rendah bergerak
ke tingkat pengetahuan berpikir tinggi.
HOTS
Mendata keterampilan berpikir lebih tinggi;
Menilai dan menen
tukan
masalah yang
belom selesai;
Menentukan fakta-fakta yang tersimpan
dalam memori yang kemungkinan bisa keluar utk
membantu memecahkan masalah;
Mengenali informasi lebih lanjut apabila
diperlukan di mana saja untuk mencari
pemecahan masalahnya kembali;
Melakukan deal pikiran yang belom jelas melalui
'brainstorming'
agar ide atau pendapat dapat
HOTS
Melaksanakan analisis yang kompleks
yang membutuhkan perencanaan, pengelolaan,
pengawasan, dan penyesuaian;
Melatih membuat pertimbangan dalam
situasi di mana masalah belom jelas mana yang
'benar' dan mana yang 'salah‘ dari suatu
informasi, tetapi lebih kurang berguna bagimana
cara melakukannya;
Melakukan langkah2 di luar rutinitas
The characteristics of HOTS
HOTS involves
more than one
fixed
answer
HOTS is brought about by
complex
tasks
HOTS is about
understanding
HOTS is both
content-free
and
Some common questions
about HOTS
Are there lower-order
(HOLS)
and
higher-order thinking skills
(HOTS)?
Are there specific thinking skills
for
different age groups
?
Are HOTS applicable for
low-ability students?
HOTS in chemistry 13
Different kinds of HOTS
Educators from different backgrounds
have different conceptualization &
classification systems.
Creative Thinking
Critical Thinking
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Lorin Anderson
Marzano’s Dimensions of Learning
Metacognition
HOTS in chemistry 14
What is HOTS?
Creative Thinking
(e.g., De Bono;
Perkins)
Ability to generate novel and
multiple solutions
Aesthetics, risk-taking, edge
of knowledge
What is HOTS?
Critical Thinking
(Ennis)
focus
on a question
analyze
arguments;
observe
and seek supports for evidence
make
inferences (induction & deduction)
identify
unstated assumptions
decide
on an action
employ
strategies to interact with
What is HOTS?
Metacognition & higher-level
understanding
(Bereiter, Scardamalia,
Resnick, Brown)
Thinking about “thinking” (meta-cognition)
Higher-order thinking is about students
taking active roles in
constructing meaning
and deep understanding
HOTS in Curriculum
improves
student
achievement at the School Level
“HOTS”
curriculum
focuses on
Higher Order Thinking and
Technology
“HOTS”
courses
utilize Hands-On
Technology
“HOTS”
instruction
promotes
Cognitive Development
“HOTS” classroom environments
What are thinking skills?
We are what we repeatedly do.
Excellence is not an act, but a habit’
(Aristotle)
A thinking skill is:
• a mental process learnt through practice
• how we apply intelligence to a problem
• our capacity to make judgements
What is higher order thinking skills?
•
Intellectually
challenging
, requires
effort
•
Complex
and multi-variable
•
Open, uncertain,
not routine
or
algorithmic
•
Seeks meaning,
conceptual
understanding
•
Evaluative
, involving criteria for
judgement
•
Metacognitive
, involves
HOT melibatkan belajarar pada keterampilan yang kompleks, misalnya
berfikir kritis dan penyelesaian masalah.
HOT adalah pemikiran lebih sukar untuk belajar atau mengajar, tetapi
juga lebiah valuable karena keterampilan are lebih berguna dalam
situasi yang baru dan tidak familiar.
HOQ memerlukan jawaban yang di luar informasi biasa, bahasa dan
pemikiran disamping lebih kompleks. Mereka belajar dalam fungsi
bahasa kedalam abstrak, misalnya sebagai opini pemberian dan
jastifikasi, spekualais dan hipotesa.
What are higher order skills?
Higher order skills are skills involving analysis, evaluation and synthesis (creation of
new knowledge). These are thought to be of a ‘higher order’, requiring different
learning and teaching methods than the learning of facts and concepts.
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Classification of cognitive skills (1956)
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
(Wilson, 2006)
The New Bloom’s
Lorin Anderson
and David Krathwohl - 2000
Remember
Understand
Apply
Analyze
Evaluate
Create
Perubahan Taksonomi Bloom
Creating
Generating new ideas, products, or ways of viewing things
Designing, constructing, planning, producing, inventing.
Evaluating
Justifying a decision or course of action
Checking, hypothesising, critiquing, experimenting, judging
Analysing
Breaking information into parts to explore understandings and relationships Comparing, organising, deconstructing,
interrogating, finding
Applying
Using information in another familiar situation Implementing, carrying out, using, executing
Understanding
Explaining ideas or concepts
Interpreting, summarising, paraphrasing, classifying, explaining
Remembering
Recalling information
Recognising, listing, describing, retrieving, naming, finding
B
L
O
O
M
’
S
T
A
X
O
N
O
M
Y
Using knowledge of
shape, write a question
given a context/problem.
Creating
Generating new ideas, products, or ways of viewing things
Designing, constructing, planning, producing, inventing
Evaluating
Justifying a decision or course of action
Checking, hypothesising, critiquing, experimenting, judging
Analysing
Breaking information into parts to explore understandings and relationships Comparing, organising, deconstructing,
interrogating, finding
Applying
Using information in another familiar situation Implementing, carrying out, using, executing
Understanding
Explaining ideas or concepts
Interpreting, summarising, paraphrasing, classifying, explaining
Remembering
Recalling information
Recognising, listing, describing, retrieving, naming, finding
