54 CHAPTER III
ANNOTATION
Below are the annotations found in The Most Dangerous Game with 7 metaphors and 8 similes. A. METAPHOR
In translating metaphor, the translator using Newmark’s theory with metaphor translation strategy:
Object : the item which is described by the metaphor
Image : the item in terms of which the object is described
Sense : The shows in what particular aspects the object and the image are similar.
Example:
“This competition is fair enough. We all know Toby is a cheetah. Does not surprise he
always becomes the winner. “ Object: Toby
Image: A Cheetah Sense: Fast
This example shows where Toby as the object is being compare with an image of a cheetah. Toby is human being who is being compare with an animal. In this case, He win a marathon competition because he is running faster than the others. Where the characteristic of cheetah is run fast, even faster. Then the sense between Toby and a cheetah in this is fast.
1. The metaphor can be converted into sense
This translating metaphor strategy will be follow by two annotations in the story The Most Dangerous Game;
Table 3.1 Metaphor 1
Par. ST TT
30
Rainsford, reclining in a steamer chair, indolently puffed on his favorite brier. The sensuous drowsiness of the night was on
55 him." It's so dark," he thought, "that I
could sleep without closing my eyes; the night would be my eyelids--"
gelap,” pikirnya, “andaikan aku bisa tertidur tanpa menutup mataku; malam yang sangat gelap—“
Object: The night Image: The eyelids Sense: Dark
After their long-conversation in their way on the ship, at the night Rainsford feels tired and as he feels sleepy, he thought that if he could sleep without closing his eyes, maybe he still can see the night, because that night is his eyelids. The translator translated the night would be my eyelids in table 3.1 becomes malam yang sangat gelap instead of malam akan menjadi kelopak mataku. The writer translated the figurative expression used the strategy ‘the metaphor can be converted into sense’ because the image that produced in the target text is more clearly and suitable to express the context in sense than translate it word to word.
Table 3.2 Metaphor 2
Par. ST TT
176
Rainsford did not want to believe what his reason told him was true, but the truth was as evident as the sun that had by now pushed through the morning mists. The general was playing with him! The general was saving him for another day's sport! The Cossack was the cat; he was the mouse. Then it was that Rainsford knew the full meaning of terror.
56 Object : The Cossack and Rainsford
Image : The cat and mouse
Sense : The connection between the hunter and the hunted
In table 3.2 the metaphor trying to compare both men with animals. How the way a cat would hunt a mouse. Cats silently stalk their victims and then attack them. Usually, mouse do not suspect the attack. The Cossack is very secretive in hunting Rainsford and Rainsford did not suspect anything. General Zaroff knows where he is but has decided not to pursue him for that day. So, Rainsford is
being hunted by Zaroff. The translator here used words “pemburu” dan “diburu” to refers “the cat”
and “the mouse”. Because those are more clearly and suitable to express the context in sense than
literal translation.
2. The same image is reproduced in the TL
This translating metaphor strategy will be follow by four annotations in the story The Most Dangerous Game;
Table 3.3 Metaphor 3
Par. ST TT
70 "Oh, that fellow. Yes, he was a monster." “Oh, itu. Ya, dia adalah monster.”
Object: The Cape Buffalo Image: A monster
Sense: Terrify
Metaphor in table 3.3 translated with semantic method to make it more natural. “he was a monster” is General Zarrof expression to give a portray toward the Cape Buffalo. Since in this conversation
between General Zaroff and Rainsford talks about his wonderful collection of animal’s dead-heads
57 monster”. A monster here is portrayed with/as a terrifying or dangerous game. Like his experience about this monster; "Hurled me against a tree," …, "Fractured my skull. But I got the brute.". The translator translated the meaning of the TL as same as the image in SL, because in TL, the
culture description of ‘monster’ as same as in SL. That something which is (people known/describe
it with) big, dangerous, terrify, etc. And without changing the meaning into “Ya, dia itu menyeramkan/mengerikan’, the readers would be understood with the image of monster itself.
Table 3.4 Metaphor 4
Par. ST TT
168
Now he had got a grip on himself, had stopped, and was taking stock of himself and the situation. He saw that straight flight was futile; inevitably it would bring him face to face with the sea. He was in a picture with a frame of water, and his operations, clearly, must take place within that frame.
Sekarang ia dapat mengendalikan dirinya sendiri, dia berhenti dan mengambil persediaan dari situasi dan dirinya sendiri. Dia pikir kalau pelariannya sia-sia dan pasti akan membawanya berhadapan dengan laut. Dia berada di sebuah gambar dengan bingkai laut dan pastinya apapun yang dia rencanakan, tak akan jauh-jauh dari laut.
Object: Rainsford
Image: A picture with a frame of water Sense: Trapped
58 acceptable and clearer with the context of the story in an understanding of the metaphor for the reader in TL. sensed his danger and leaped back with the agility of an ape. But he was not quite quick enough…
“Bahkan saat ia menyentuhnya, sang Jenderal merasakan bahaya dan melompat mundur dengan kegesitan seekor kera. Tapi anticipate, Rainsford make a kind of trap for Zaroff. General Zaroff is coming. His foot touched the protruding bough that was the trigger of the trap. When he touches it, he sensed his danger and move/leaps quickly like an ape when they (apes) do jumping. The translator using the same image in ST because it was clear enough for readers and also can give the reader a visible image of the meaning/word and the connection between the object and the image in the context.
3. The metaphor can be translated as simile along with its sense
This translating metaphor procedure is used in the metaphor in table 3.7 below. Table 3.6 grew more slender as the yacht raced on. He wrestled himself out of his clothes and shouted with all his power. The
59 lights of the yacht became faint and
ever-vanishing fireflies; then they were blotted out entirely by the night.
Lampu dari kapal pesiar meredup dan lenyap bagaikan kunang-kunang; lalu mereka sepenuhnya menghilang oleh malam.
Object : The lights Image : Fireflies Sense : Spangle
In this case, when Rainsford falls off the boat and surfaces, he watches as the boat recedes into the night. The lights of the ship are compared to fireflies. It helps us picture what they look like, but
also helps to capture Rainsford’s state of mind as he watched the ship leave him in the water.
During the light of the ship goes away, the light would look like spangling like the light of firefly. He knew that he was left behind, and he feared he might die if he did not make it to shore. The translator reproduces the meaning in the same image as in SL because that is clear and more understable for the readers to know the context.
Table 3.7 Metaphor 7
Par. ST TT
169
... His need for rest was imperative and he thought, "I have played the fox, now I must play the cat of the fable." A big tree with a thick trunk and outspread branches was near by, and, taking care to leave not the slightest mark, he climbed up into the crotch, and, stretching out on one of the broad limbs, after a fashion, rested. Rest brought him new confidence and almost a feeling of security.
... Kebutuhannya untuk istirahat itu penting sekali dan dia berpikir, “Aku telah bermain seperti rubah, dan sekarang aku harus
bermain sebagai kucing dari dongeng.” Di
60 kepercayaan diri yang baru dan hampir rasa kewaspadaan.
Object : I (Rainsford) Image : The fox and the cat
Sense : The characteristic, hiding and hunting
In metaphor table 3.7 portrays how Rainsford compares himself to the character of animals. He
uses fox’s technique as his strategy when he played hunting with General Zaroff. He played as a
fox to defend himself and to avoid/stay away from General Zaroff. Where foxes are usually hiding on something which can cover their self being seen from the enemy. Then after playing like a fox, he should play as a cat. The first, when he should be like a fox, he is the one who is being hunted by General Zaroff, but when he decides to play as a cat, he decides to be the hunter instead of the hunted. In other words, it means that he makes General Zaroff as the target. In this part, the translator translated ST as simile along with its sense because this procedure is more story in the context of this part and easier for the readers to understand the story.
B. SIMILE
To analyze similes, here are steps in analyzing similes based on Larson’s theory: Object/topic : The topic of the first proposition (the thing really being talked about) Image : The topic of the second proposition (what is being compared with) Point of Similarity: The similiarity found between the object and the image
1. The simile can be converted into sense
This simile translation is used in translating The Most Dangerous Game; Table 3.8
61
Par. ST TT
22
"There was no breeze. The sea was as flat as a plate-glass window. We were drawing near the island then. What I felt was a--a mental chill; a sort of sudden dread."
“Tak tertiup angin sepoi-sepoi. Lautnya tak
berombak, datar bagaikan kaca jendela. Waktu kita mendekati pulau itu. Yang aku rasakan adalah—merinding; seperti tiba-tiba ketakutan.
Object: The Sea
Image: A plate-glass window
Point of Similarity: Flat/plane wave, quite/calm (and feels strange at the same time.)
Using this strategy while translating simile in table 3.8 makes the translator want to make it easier to understand for the readers by adding sense in it. This simile is happening when Rainsford and Whitney are having conversation about the sailor lore and how the situation around the yacht about the sea and the island. In this figurative expression, this is comparing two things which are the sea being compared with a plate-glass window. The sea looks like a plate-glass window which is flat/does not have any waves. And also, The Sea here is represent how quite the situation at that time like a plate-glass window which could make they feels strange. Where the sea itself usually has waves or sounds of waters, etc. But, while they are in a conversation talking about something
“bad”, and the situation around is like supported the bad issue. For example, the sea which quite
in the darkness night and make them a sort of sudden dread.
In this figurative expression, the translator translated the simile with sense in TL because it has already given a clear image and can explain the story in its context to the readers. As it also has supported sentence which shows the situation at that time related to the figurative expression.
Table 3.9 Simile 2
Par. ST TT
32
Rainsford sprang up and moved quickly to the rail, mystified. He strained his eyes in
62 the direction from which the reports had
come, but it was like trying to see through a blanket. …
menatap ke arah datangnya letusan dengan tegang, tapi seperti mencoba untuk melihatnya melalui kegelapan.
Object : The vision
Image : A blanket
Point of Similarity : Vague/hard to see/blind
Figurative expression with simile type is shown in but it was like trying to see through a blanket in table 3.9, when after the quite night along the way then suddenly there is sound that startled Rainsford. That is like someone had fired a gun three times. He sprang up and moved quickly to the deck. He feels confuse and strain as the same time he is trying to look that sound. But, as in the story describes the situation at that night is in the dark fog night, He cannot find where the
sounds come from. Then Rainsford’s view is portrayed in this figurative expression with a blanket.
As we know if we are trying to see something with a blanket cover up our head/face, it can block our view because of its dark.
The translator translated with sense without changing the original meaning in SL because that is clear enough for readers to know the meaning of the similet and they can imagine it.
Table 3.10 giant rocks with razor edges crouch like a sea monster with wide-open jaws. They can crush a ship as easily as I crush this nut." He dropped a walnut on the hardwood floor and brought his heel grinding down on it. "Oh, yes," he said, casually, as if in answer to a question, "I
“Sang Jenderal tertawa. “Mereka
menunjukkan sebuah terowongan,” katanya,
“tak ada siapapun; bebatuan raksasa dengan
pinggiran tebing/karang runcing membungkuk seperti raksasa laut dengan mulut yang terbuka lebar. Mereka bisa menghancurkan sebuah kapal semudah aku
menghancurkan kacang ini.” Dia
63 have electricity. We try to be civilized
here."
keras dan menginjaknya dengan tumitnya. “Oh, ya,” katanya, dengan santainya seperti sedang menjawab pertanyaan, “Aku punya listrik. Kita coba untuk tinggal disini.”
Object: The rocks Image: A monster
Point of Similarity: Huge yet dangerous
By reading and understanding the context of this paragraph, General Zaroff compares the rocks to a monster. By saying “giant rocks with razor edges crouch like a sea monster with wide-open jaws”, it can give us a vision about how the rocks look like. The giant rocks look like a monster. Usually, a picture of a monster is something bigger than another creature. So, it means that in this island where the Rainsford and General Zaroff are, there are rocks which so big/huge like a sea monster and it has “razor edges crouch” which is like the tooth of the monster. It’s described with
“a sea monster with wide-open jaws”. And in the TL the translator translated the text become
“bebatuan raksasa dengan pinggiran tebing/karang runcing membungkuk seperti raksasa laut dengan mulut yang terbuka lebar.” The translator tried to translate the text that way with the sense to make it more natural in TL for the readers. For the part “razor edges crouch” the translator translated it becomes “pinggiran tebing/karang runcing” in order to adjust it as rocks and not translate it “dengan pisau cukur”, because if using word “pisau cukur”, it does not suit with the context where the “razor edges crouch” itself describing the giant rocks.
2. The same image is reproduced in the TL
This translation procedure is applied for five similes found in The Most Dangerous Game; Table 3.11
Simile 4
Par. ST TT
6
"Nor four yards," admitted Rainsford. "Ugh! It's like moist black velvet."
64 Object: It (A Carribean Night)
Image: Black velvet Point of Similarity: Moist
By reading and understanding this part, the object of this simile is It which refers to carribean night and is being compared with black velvet. In TT, it means beludru hitam. In the story, a carribean night is described with a moonless caribean night means dark and supported with the situation at that time the dank tropical night and mistiness. So, the researcher concludes that the point of similarity between a carribean night and black velvet here is something feels moist, like the weather at that time (carribean night). And in TT, beludru/beludu is moist as its characteristic even in humid weather like the weather described in the story.
The translator translated it with the same image to reproduce it in the targe text because the one which is being compared already has been easily understand in the target language and by using this prosedure it can give the reader clear image about the context of the story.
Table 3.12 Simile 5
Par. ST TT
50
The menacing look in the eyes did not change. The revolver pointing as rigidly as if the giant were a statue. He gave no sign that he understood Rainsford's words, or that he had even heard them. He was dressed in uniform--a black uniform trimmed with gray astrakhan.
Kesan mengancam dari matanya tidak berubah. Senapan yang menunjuk setegas patung raksasa. Dia tidak memeperlihatkan seolah ia menegrti apa yang Rainsford katakan, atau bahwa ia mendengarkannyaa. Dia berpakaian seragam—sebuah seragam hitam dengan hiasan astrakhan abu-abu.
65 Point of Similarity: A statue
From this part, the simile comes up by the description of Ivan “The revolver pointing as rigidly as if the giant were a statue”. In this case “the revolver pointing rigidly” is described having similarity with the statue. It looks that the way Ivan held his revolver and pointing rigidly to Rainsford is like a giant statue, and Ivan also has that kind of big body like a giant. Being like a statue refers to the way he holds his revolver that is not moving/shaky. Then in TL, the researcher translated the text
into “senapan yang menunjuk setegas patung raksasa” using the same image as in SL. By using
the similar image as the SL, the translator can give a clear image of this simile in TL. Table 3.13
Simile 6
Par. ST TT
56
Rainsford's first impression was that the man was singularly handsome; his second was that there was an original, almost bizarre quality about the general's face. He was a tall man past middle age, for his hair was a vivid white; but his thick eyebrows and pointed military mustache were as black as the night from which Rainsford had come. His eyes, too, were black and very bright. He had high cheekbones, a sharpcut nose, a spare, dark face--the face of a man used to give orders, the face of an aristocrat. Turning to the giant in uniform, the general made a sign. The giant put away his pistol, saluted, withdrew.
Kesan pertama Rainsford adalah bahwa orang itu luar biasa tampan; yang kedua adalah asli tapi agak aneh tentang wajah sang Jenderal. Dia seorang pria yang tinggi dengan usia menengah keatas, rambutnya putih; tetapi alisnya tipis dan kumis militernya yang hitam terlihat bagai malam darimana Rainsford datang. Matanya juga hitam dan sangat terang. Dia memiliki tulang pipi yang besar, hidung mancung, kurus, muka gelap— wajah seorang pria yang digunakan untuk memberikan perintah, wajah bangsawan. Beralih ke raksasa berseragam, sang Jenderal memberi tanda. Lalu si raksasa menyingkirkan pistolnya, memberi hormat, dan mundur.
66 Point of Similarity: Strict/Dark
By using this procedure to translate simile in table 3.13, Rainsford is trying to compare General Zaroff’s black mustache with the night. Then it translated to TL “alisnya tipis dan kumis militernya yang hitam terlihat bagai malam darimana Rainsford datang”. The way the translator translated the text is literally using the same image in SL. In this paragraph, this simile is Rainsford’s description of General Zaroff when they met for the first time. His eyebrows as well as his mustache are thick and dark like the night at that time. With his appearance as a characteristic of General Zaroff. "One does not expect nowadays to find a young man of the educated class, even in America, with such a naive, and, if I may say so, mid-Victorian point of view. It's like finding a snuffbox in a limousine. Ah, well, doubtless you had Puritan ancestors. So many Americans appear to have had. I'll wager you'll forget your notions when you go hunting with me. You've a genuine new thrill in store for you, Mr. Rainsford."
Sang jenderal tertawa terbahak-bahak. “Betapa sangat lucunya anda!” kata sang jenderal. “Bahkan di Amerika sekarang, tidak satupun yang mengharapkan untuk menemukan seorang pria muda yang berpendidikan, dan senaif itu. Dan kalau boleh aku bilang dengan sudut pandang jaman Victoria pertengahan. Ini seperti menemukan kotak tembakau di mobil limosin. Ah, oke. kau pasti keturunan Puritan. Banyak orang Amerika yang sepertimu. Aku jamin kau akan melupakan idemu ketika kau pergi berburu denganku. Kau memiliki sensasi sejati baru yang belum terungkapkan dalam dirimu tuan Rainsford.”
67 Point of Similarity: Old-fashioned
This simile portrays Zaroff’s perception about what he feels of Rainsford’s old-fashioned views.
Zaroff tries to compare Rainsford’s point of view who is being naïve about human’s hunting in this modern-day at that time with a snuffbox in limousine. Snuffbox here is reputed as something old and the limousine which is identic with the modern one.
The translator translates this simile with the same image in TL because how this paragraph tells and the supporting sentences about Zaroff’s words in this simile part is clear for the readers to understand why Zaroff compares Rainsford point of view with Snuffbox in limousine.
Table 3.15 Simile 8
Par. ST TT
170
An apprehensive night crawled slowly by like a wounded snake and sleep did not visit Rainsford, although the silence of a dead world was on the jungle. Toward morning when a dingy gray was varnishing the sky, the cry of some startled bird focused Rainsford's attention in that direction.
Malam yang menakutkan berjalan lambat seperti ular yang terluka dan Rainsford tidak mengantuk, meskipun keheningan akan dunia yang mati ada di hutan. Menjelang pagi ketika abu-abu suram menghiasi langit, suara kicauan beberapa ekor burung yang mengagetkan mengalihkan perhatian Rainsford ke arah suara tersebut.
Object : An apprehensive night
Image : A wounded snake
Point of Similarity : Slower
