Pembuatan Mikrokapsul Polisulfon-Kitosan Termodifikasi Crosslink Hasil Deasetilasi Kitin Cangkang Bekicot Dan Aplikasinya Sebagai
Adsorben Zat Warna Industri Batik
Triana Kusumaningsih, Pranoto
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
ABSTRACT
Achatina fullica’s shells are solid waste which can be used as raw material which is cultivated to chitin and chitosan. The aim of this experiment is to get optimum condition of cultivation Achatina fullica’s shells to chitin and chitosan on condition’s variation of demineralization and deacetylation.
Synthesis of adsorbent by crosslink and microencapsulation modification produce modified chitosan CTS, PEI-EPI-EGDE-CTS, microcapsules PSF-PEI-EPI-EGDE-CTS and PSF-EGDE-CTS had been done. The microcapsules were prepared through three step i.e. the formation of gel beads (CTS), crosslinked CTS with EGDE (EGDE-CTS) and microencapsulation EGDE-CTS with Polysulfone (PSF-EGDE-CTS). Characterization of product using FTIR and SEM.
PSF-EGDE-CTS used for adsorption of Procion Red MX 8B dye. Adsorption of Procion Red MX 8B dye by modified chitosan was done by variation of pH and contact time in order to determine optimum condition of adsorption. Variation of concentration was done to determine isotherm adsorption type that occurred during the adsorption process. The types of the adsorption isotherm were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption and desorption of Procion Red MX 8B dye by PSF-EGDE-CTS were measured in the optimum condition.
The results showed that optimum condition for chitin isolation from Achatina fullica shells for demineralization process could be obtain in the concentration of HCl of 1.25 M and the optimum of time of demineralization is 6 hours with water content, ash content and percentage of yield were 0.995 ± 0.007 %; 14.925 ± 0.106 % and 15.940 %. Optimum condition of deacetylation could be obtain in the concentration of NaOH of 30 % with degree of deacetylation, molecular weight and degree of polymerization values of chitosan were 84.67 %; 2,086 g/mol and 13.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum pengolahan cangkang bekicot menjadi kitin dan kitosan pada variasi kondisi demineralisasi dan deasetilasi. Setelah itu, dilakukan modifikasi dengan ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), epiklorohidrin (EPI), polietilen imin (PEI), dan dilanjutkan mikrokapsulasi dengan polisulfon (PSF) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan adsorpsi dan stabilitas kitosan.
Hasil sintesis material adsorben secara kualitatif dianalisis dengan spektrofotometri FTIR untuk mengamati perubahan gugus fungsional yang ada. Pembentukan lapisan mikrokapsul dianalisis dengan SEM.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum untuk isolasi kitin dari cangkang bekicot pada proses demineralisasi, dengan menggunakan larutan HCl 1,25 M dan waktu demineralisasi selama 6 jam. Kitin yang diperoleh mempunyai kadar air, kadar abu dan rendemen hasil berturut-turut sebesar 0,995 ± 0,007%, 14,925 ± 0,106% dan 15,940%. Kondisi optimum proses deasetilasi adalah pada penggunaan larutan NaOH 30% dengan hasil berupa kitosan yang mempunyai nilai derajat deasetilasi, berat molekul rata-rata dan derajat polimerisasi sebesar 84,67%, 2.086 g/mol dan 13. Modifikasi kitosan dapat dilakukan dengan crosslink dilanjutkan mikroenkapsulasi, sehingga terbentuk material adsorben CTS, EGDE-CTS, EGDE-CTS, EPI-EGDE-CTS, PEI-EPI-EGDE-CTS, dan PSF-PEI-EPI-EGDE-CTS, dengan rendemen hasil secara berturutan adalah 520,80% (b/b), 139,49%(b/b), 94,79%(b/b), 97,96%(b/b), 97,37%(b/b), 99,06%(b/b). Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa lapisan mikrokapsul yang terbentuk pada PSF-EGDE-CTS mempunyai ketebalan sebesar 25 µm.
