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• Real world background:
– Planning: 1930s (Keyness), wartime (USSR) – Aid: Marshal Plan
– Hunger: FAO
– Population: Malthusiasm
– Cold War: communism excluded – Anti Colonial: revolution
– Anti Colonial: revolution
• Origin: Third World:
– Economic (west-east, south-north); political (third way, nonalignment);
Pengertian Pembangunan
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$+ / * # 6 7 relatif
lebih bersifat sementara tidak stabil dan pengembangan serta perubahan bidang kehidupan tertentu baru dalam taraf permulaan sekali. Negara berkembang dimasukkan kategori “dalam fase peralihan”.
peralihan”.
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Defining Development Today
• Economic component: dealing with the creation of wealth & improved conditions of material life,
equitably distributed.
• Social ingredient: well being in health, education, housing & employment.
• Political dimension: human right, political freedom, • Political dimension: human right, political freedom,
democracy.
• Cultural dimension: recognition of identity & self – worth.
• The full-life paradigm, refer to meaning system, symbols, beliefs concerning life & history.
Core Values Of Development
• Sustenance: the ability to meet basic needs – Food, shelter, health, & protection
– If these absence >absolute underdevelopment • Self-esteem: to be a person
– A sense of worth and self-respect, not being use by others
others
– Authenticity, identity, dignity, respect, honour, or recognition
• Freedom: to be able to choose
Prinsip-Prinsip Pembangunan
• Berfokus kepada semua aset: modal fisik, sosial/ manusia, alam
– Semua aset berkontribusi kepada kesejahteraan
– Modal fisik berkontribusi melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi
– Modal sosial/manusia & modal alam berkontribusi terhadap modal fisik dgn meningkatkan pengembaliannya
• Penyelesaian aspek distributif yg berkelanjutan
– Distribusi yg merata dalam hal aset merupakan distribusi peluang dalam memperoleh pendapatan, pendidikan dan memperbesar
kapasitas rakyat memanfaatkan teknologi
• Kerangka kerja institusional bagi pemerintahan yang baik
