Utilisation of solar cell energy as physics learning media

(1)

Pembelajaran Fisika

http://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/Gravity

ISSN: 244-515x; e-ISSN: 2528-1976 Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2023, Page 65-71

Utilisation of solar cell energy as physics learning media

Nur Azizah Lubis*, Siti Khairunnisa, Mentari Darma Putri

1Department of Physics Education, Universitas Samudra, Indonesia

*E-mail: nurazizahlubis@unsam.ac.id

(Received: 28 January 2023; Accepted: 20 February 2023; Published: 27 February 2023)

ABSTRACT

Electrical energy is one of the human needs that is often used in everyday life. However, the power plant used is still conventionally using fossil fuels, gas oil or coal which is getting depleted, while the need for electricity is increasing. The benefits of how solar cells work as a learning medium is one of the studies as an example of the utilisation of solar thermal energy into electrical energy.This research uses experimental methods. The results of the efficiency of the benefits of how the solar cell works as a learning media feasibility percentage of 75.6% From the results of panel test data for 5 times observed periodically produced an efficiency of 83% at the time of use 30 minutes, 85% at the time of use 60 minutes, 79% at the time of use 90 minutes, 68% at the time of use 120 minutes and 63% at the time of use for 150 minutes. So that the total efficiency done by solar panels can be 75.6% and the tools used as solar cell media can work properly. Voltage, current, electric power and efficiency of the lamp produced are influenced by the size of the temperature of the solar heat, if the temperature of the solar heat is high then the resulting efficiency increases and vice versa. If the sunlight is low then the value of efficiency, current, voltage and power will decrease.

Keywords: Electrical energy, Renewable energy, Learning media, Solar cell

DOI: 10.30870/gravity.v9i1.19143

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is a tropical country that has two seasons, namely the dry season and the rainy season and has a fairly dense population. In addition to having two seasons, Indonesia is also a country rich in energy sources, ranging from non-renewable energy to renewable energy. One of them is electrical energy which is also a major necessity in human life, almost all aspects of human life use electricity in it. With the increasing population and the rapid growth of the economy and industry, resulting in higher electricity development resulting in high power generation, there are also conventional power plants which still use fossil fuels, gas oil and coal which are increasingly depleting and will also cause environmental pollution in the future, for example in the use of coal and others. (Safrizal, 2017). Not only as a renewable energy source, the mechanism of how solar cells work can also improve the quality of learning, where by using

(2)

props or better known as learning media (Wardani, 2019).

This is because the energy that comes from the bowels of the earth will decrease over time and can be expected to run out at any time, with the depletion of fossil energy sources which is currently shifting from the use of non-renewable energy to renewable energy sources.

One of the energy sources that can replace fossil energy from the bowels of the earth is solar energy. (Tipler, et al. 2018). To overcome this, research is needed on renewable energy which will be able to utilise solar heat into electrical energy which will have several advantages, namely the power that is easily obtained and the waste used is also environmentally friendly.

(Suwarti, Wahyono & Prasetyo, 2019). One of the energy sources that can be used as alternative energy is by utilising solar energy sources. Solar energy sources are one of the main hopes as a natural energy source that is inexhaustible and can also reduce the impact on global warming caused by the scattering of gases and other materials that can cause damage to the ozone. Solar energy sources are one of the renewable energies that are increasing in development every year.

(Tiyas, 2020).

Indonesia has great potential for solar energy. This is because Indonesia is located on the equator and as a tropical country which causes considerable solar radiation. With the advantages and location of Indonesia, it should be optimally utilised by the people and government of Indonesia. (Tiyas, 2020)

The movement of the sun from east to west on a daily basis is a problem in optimising the generation of electrical energy in solar, if energy power plants using stationary solar cells. (Ady Pratama & Herlamba Siregar, 2018).

Research has been conducted to increase power efficiency, one of which is by using solar cells. Where the solar cell is one of the semiconductor elements that can convert solar thermal power as electrical power using the working principle of potovoltaic. The semiconductor used is silokon which acts as an insulator at low temperatures and becomes a time conductor at high temperatures (there is heat energy that hits it). The silicon in the solar cell is a diode formed according to the top layer of n-type silicon, and the bottom layer of p-type silicon. The type of solar cell used in this study is a type of Polycrystalline solar cell. (Suryana & Ali, 2016).

In the utilisation of renewable energy, this researcher makes simple media about the benefits of solar cell work. The benefits of solar cell work will later become a source of new research that is more effective and efficient so that the use of this working mechanism tool can be utilised with the help of sunlight and later can improve student learning of learning media.

(Mursyid, Ramadhan & Rivaldi 2019). By solving these problems, there are several analyses that must be done, namely how the mechanism works on solar cells and how to find the efficiency value of solar cells on led lights. The purpose of this research is to be able to know the benefits of the workings used in solar cells by improving learning media and can find out how to calculate the efficiency of solar cell work which will deliver electrical energy so that it can produce simple Solar Power Plant (PLTS) media.

RESEARCH METHODS

The research method carried out on the benefits of how solar cells work as learning media is an experimental method consisting of continuous stages so that research objectives can be carried out. While the approach used in this research is to use quantitative research, because

(3)

this research is presented in the form of numbers. Quantitative research is one approach that is much demanded by using numbers, starting from data collection, interpretation to the appearance of the results (Arikuanto. 2006: 12).

Before conducting data collection, the research first made solar cell media as a physics learning media. There are several stages used in research on the benefits of how solar cells work as learning media, namely the initial preparation stage, which includes: collecting tools and materials, making data collection products and analysing data. The tools used in this research are 12 volt solar cells, jamper cables, switches, lithium chargers Tp4056 diodes 1N40071 amperes, 3.7 volt AA batteries, digital multimeters and temperature multimeters.

Data collection carried out in this study is to take the results of data with solar panel test experiments for 5 times which are observed serially every time to determine changes in the results of outgoing voltage, current and electrical power and the efficiency value of solar cell work. The formula for calculating the efficiency of solar cell performance is as follows.

(1)

out 100%

in

P

= P  Start

Data collection

Collection of Tools and Materials

Led Light Assembly

Testing props on Leds

Measurement:

Outgoing voltage (Volts) Electric Current (A) Electrical Power (Watt)

Yes Improveme

nts Series

r No

Analysis

Finish

Figure 1. Research flowchart

(4)

Where equals the efficiency value (%), is equal to the value of electrical power after being given a load (Watt) and Pin is equal to the electrical power before the load (Watt).

Research methods include: 1) Research methods used/types of research used, such as experimental methods, surveys, etc., as well as research design; 2) Location and time of the study; 3) Number of respondents; 4) Tools/materials. Small and supportive tools do not need to be listed such as common tools in the laboratory: rulers, measuring cups, pencils, etc., but please write down the main tools only. Physical analysers need to be written clearly, including brand, model/type, special setting, and brief procedure. As for educational research, explain the instruments used in detail starting from the type of device, indicators used; 5) Research procedures; 6) How to process observations or data collected using instruments and how to measure benchmarks / benchmarks of success. The general method does not need to be written in detail, but simply refers to the reference book.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Solar heat is one of the biggest benefits in electrical energy conversion media and also as a medium of learning about energy sources ranging from non-renewable energy to renewable energy. This research has a type of Polycrystalline solar cell is a type of solar cell that has a random arrangement but can produce electrical power in cloudy weather conditions (Dzulfikar, Dafi and Broto, Wisnu.2016). The characteristic in this solar cell has a blue colour and a blue streak pattern. Polycrystalline can also produce electricity even in cloudy conditions.

In this study produced data in solar cell trials when used and dried in 5 times and observed each time starting from 30 minutes to 150 minutes periodically as Table 1. The use of solar cells for 60 minutes with the first temperature reaching 52 ° C and the final temperature reaching 50.6 ° C which has obtained the outgoing voltage and electric current before being given a load of 13.56 V and 0.91 A by producing electric power of 1.42 W while for solar cells that have been given a load produces a voltage of 11.32 V and 0.91 A by producing electric power of 1.21 W. So that the solar cell work efficiency obtained is 85%.

 Pout

Figure 2. Results of solar cell media

(5)

Table 1. Solar Sell Test Observation Results

Time (Hour) Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (W)

V0 Vt I0 It P0 Pt

30 minutes 13,89 11,47 0,12 0,12 1,54 1,28

60 minutes 13,56 11,32 0,91 0,91 1,42 1,21

90 minutes 13,01 10,29 0,06 0,06 0,29 0,23

120 minutes 12,88 9,77 0,03 0,03 0,25 0,17

150 minutes 12,55 7,25 0,02 0,02 0,19 0,12

The use of solar cells for 90 minutes with the first temperature reaching 50.6 ° C and the final temperature reaching 43.5 ° C which has obtained the outgoing voltage and electric current before being given a load of 13.01 V and 0.6 A by producing electric power of 0.29 W while for solar cells that have been given a load produces a voltage of 10.29 V and 0.6 A by producing electric power of 0.23 W. So that the solar cell work efficiency obtained is 79%.

Table 2. Temperature Change and Work Efficiency

Time (Hour) Temperature (℃) 𝛥𝑇(℃) ŋ(%)

T0 Tt

30 minutes 36 52 16 83

60 minutes 52 50,6 -1,4 85

90 minutes 50,6 43,5 -7,1 79

120 minutes 43,5 39,1 -4,4 68

150 minutes 39,1 37,5 -1,6 63

After the existence of complete data we can find out the total efficiency value of the solar cell test performance for 5 times, which gets a total value of 75.6% and from this study obtained a relationship between heat temperature and sunlight where the higher the heat temperature generated from sunlight, the greater the voltage and efficiency value produced by solar cells in the learning media.

(6)

Figure 3. Graph of the relationship between efficiency and time

Based on the graph obtained, we can see the relationship between the efficiency value and the 5 times used in the research of the benefits of the this solar cell where with the average value of colleration R²= 0,867, then it shows that there is a value relationship of 86.7% (very accurate colleration).

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the research , it can be concluded that the benefits of how solar cells work today are not as a renewable electrical energy conversion media but also as a physics learning media that can be developed later with material about energy sources ranging from energy understanding, not-renewable energy to renewable energy. So that later this solar cell learning media can later be upgraded so that it is possible in large-scale electrical energy conversion. From the results of the research conducted, the higher the temperature of the heat generated from sunlight, the greater the voltage and the efficiency value produced by the solar cell increases. While the total efficiency the solar cell workings for 5 times is 75.6% so that the solar cell is declared to be working properly. While the value of the correlation in 5 times on the relationship between efficiency and time gets a value of 86.7% (very accurate correlation).^.

REFERENCES

Arikunto. 2006. Research Procedures A Practical Approach. Jakarta: PT.

Rineka Cipta.

Ady Pratama, D., & Herlamba Siregar, I. (2018). Performance Test of 100Wp Polycrystalline Type Solar Panel. Jptm, 6(3), 79-85.

Bagus DS, D., Yakob, M., & Azizah Lubis, N. (2021). Design of Solar Powered Ship Props as Energy Conversion Media. GRAVITATION: Journal of Physics and Science Education, 4(01), 42-46. https://doi.org/10.33059/gravitasi.jpfs.v4i01.3472

Baumgartner, H., Oksanen, B., Karha, P., & Ikonen, E. (2019). Optical Characterisation of III- V Multijunction Solar Cells for Temperature-Independent Band Gap Features. IEEE

Journal of Photovoltaics, 9(6), 1631-1636.

y = -0,053x + 0,919 R² = 0,867

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

30 minutes 60 minutes 90 minutes 120 minutes 150 minutes

Relationship of efficiency to time

Efficiencyŋ (%)

Time (t)

(7)

https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2019.2933190

Berian, Z. Y., & Kaulika, V. O. (2020). Can Energy Trading be a Solution for Indonesia's Energy Mix Goal through Solar Energy? Indonesian Journal of Energy, 3(2), 94-106.

https://doi.org/10.33116/ije.v3i2.89

Dewantara, B. Y., D.P.K, I., Rahmatull, D., & Winarno, I. (2019). Design of an Environmentally Friendly Fishing Boat Using Solar Powered Electric Motor. Cyclotron, 2(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.30651/cl.v2i1.2530

Jatmiko, Asy'ari, H., & Purnama, M. (2011). Utilisation of Solar Cells and Led Lights for Housing. Semantik, 2011 (Semantik), 1-6.

Mursyid, S., Ramadhan, T., & Rivaldi, F. (2019). Development of Props as Learning Media for Electrical Energy Materials at Smpn 1 Jongkong. National Seminar on Science and Technology Education, (20666), 175-183. Retrieved from http://journal.ikippgriptk.ac.id/index.php/snpmt2/article/view/1373%0Ahttps://journal.i kippgriptk.ac.id/index.php/snpmt2/article/viewFile/1373/1054

Safrizal. (2017). SOLAR PANEL DESIGN AS A SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY Journal DISPROTEK. Journal Disprotek, 8(2), 75-81. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unisnu.ac.id/JDPT/article/download/544/861

Suryana, D., & Ali, M. M. (2016). Effect of Temperature on Voltage Generated by Monocrystalline Type Solar Panel (Case Study: Baristand Industri Surabaya). Journal of Process Technology and Industrial Innovation, 1(2), 5-8.

https://doi.org/10.36048/jtpii.v1i2.1791

Suwarti, Wahyono, & Prasetyo, B. (2019). Analysis of the Effect of Solar Intensity, Surface Temperature & Steering Angle on Solar Panel Performance. Exergy, 14(3), 78.

https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v14i3.1373

Tiyas, P. K. (2020). Effect of Temperature Effect on Solar Panel Performance. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 09(01), 871-876.

Vithanage, G. H. V. I. U., & Vithanage, K. D. (2021). Implementing Renewable Energy by considering the Greenhouse Gas Emissions. J. Res. Technol. Eng, 2(3), 9-17.

Wardani, I. B., & Ismayati, E. (2019). Development of Solar Cell Based Miniature Pju Trainer Learning Media at Smk Negeri 1 Pungging Mojokerto. Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, 08(03), 465-469.