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٨Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), ١٠٦-١٠٧.
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(Charles Sander Pierce) q P$ ) ( + C2 MJ ^MA IJ 6 PQ R IJ , -.% # /0% 3412 ) BI6 : #S T0 ())( ( + @= O '@ .
٢٠ (Semiotic) . ١٧ @ 0 (Pierce) 7T -/^MI -`L& D0 L®M@A -7T Hk 4^= F ) John Locke ( [ ~/; /-/0 ]] ¯/ V@ -`{T& Hk L@ ) Locke ( [ $ . ١٨ F /XT R -" [ " q O@J _5 P1 5 P1 /MJ LJu t9 DaW C [0 !/|B ^MA . ^MA 2-P -^MA (Semiotic) /J Kf / .A ^MI0 (Semiotic) . " FMA ) " Semiologi ( M C2f / 5/&1W H1 AA (Ferdinand De Saussure) q m5W . <-`u Cf MJ ^MA q $ 0 /a= tT9/0 " /MI " 5/J := /K&-A . Rk DM@I MJ " /MI " O8 &A ± Y/0 . !c f /XT ١٧Sukron Kamil, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab Klasik dan Modern, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, ٢٠٠٩), +١٩٣. ١٨ LU0 V / 50% /6# ) W5 4; W BIX ())H ( + H?? .
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= [ ^MA © -/ D @ / /dJ /K@9 /-/0 `R //A /K0/- /KM@I . D+ = [ ^MA [ Rk X / -:/M= E- K&-. ٢١ _& lzf [ /-q A1 Dy V5= :/ f] ] ? -: M_5= `/-m W G ]/¨ 01 `$ D0 G l@ | V5= W */a= . KW EJf /x/Tf /Kd/@5 .@0
Sukron Kamil, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab Klasik dan Modern, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, ٢٠٠٩), +١٩٣.
Alex Sobur, Semiotika Komunikasi, (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya,
٢٠٠٤), +١٢.
Nur Sahid, Semiotika Teater, (Yogyakarta: Lembaga Penelitian Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta, ٢٠٠٤), +١-٢.
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Nur Sahid, Semiotika Teater, (Yogyakarta: Lembaga Penelitian Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta, ٢٠٠٤) +٣.
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Sukron Kamil, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab Klasik dan Modern, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, ٢٠٠٩), +.١٩٦-١٩٩.
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Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), +١٢١.
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Siswantoro, Metode Penelitian Sastra Analisis Struktur Puisi, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ٢٠١٠), +٣٣.
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), +١٢١.
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, + ١٢١
٢٧ /M@B /- ¸K&- /-W <T@I5 = [K5 L/&--/J . ٣٣ `uZ Z Dy P1 _&0 ^MA A DX@ P1 KF C/@J &0 `/-= DM 1 OJf /-'f ? M 4&-. ٣٤ DX@ Lk &0 /-¥/@À YZ y &0 [K& f ?- /-Rk 0 q &0 /-. ٣٥ Z ?-$ 9 º " ?/0 " (Meaning) $ G DM 1 º " RE$/0 " (Significance) . R · ) Hirsh ( = :/¡Z l# >0/5 f = ?-DM 01 l@3 -+/5 `+/& -` D0 l@3 & l# 4I5 - \-R . O$@ Lk a [ +f '0 ? (Meaning) RE$ (Significance) R
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), +١١٨
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, +١٤٢
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, +١٤١
٢٨ = RE$-Á& 1 + `l@3 L/&-0/" . Z 0/c & Rk :9 4Z -: Dy `Á& /-= $@ KW RE$ . Z RE$ V5= -+ '0 Á& `/ /-= ? KW [d/+ G DM 4I5 . ٣٦ w '0 ? RE$ - _&-A1 5 -/\ 0= EJ@ G 0 8 ' : : = ? u <0/^ `3/f R= 45= ] :9 4 ]Z W/0 + D -w/I R$ w/I +/c /M@F] F/; . /-= RE$ u <0/^ `9/-? 45= g !. 8 Á& . uZ RE$ */I--?M */T& -+/W= Df !. D1 !d1 ) @ ( 0 /-/@f !d1 ) D6@ .( /c w '0 ? RE$ 0 0/c @5 : – = ? <@M@ 0 ÂX -/c `ÃI& 4 Y Z . 5789 :; $ 5< ,=2 ) D : [; 12\] ())< ( + @^
٢٩ RE$ u <0/^ X@- <-$f w/W !. Z 5/J 4@+ ?/0 _f 4@J\ `/2|f = k Op = Df . ٣٧ W2 T 9/; DX@ DM 1 DX@0 ^MA KW !.+ TI ) Heuristic ( !.+ T&- ) Hermeneutic ( = @ ) Retroactive ( . ٣٨ t| 5 -/\ 0= /= a-If Á& D0 ` / .A /J Á& */ 5 `*/n/f = */ 5 `*/&1 = */ 5 */01= . ٣٩ /-= !.+ TI ) Heuristic ( KW Dy Á& /A= OJf $ = [ -F/0 Y . ٤٠ 1 !.0 T&- ) Hermeneutic ( Dy @ Á& 0 = 4y DX@0 TI !.+ ) Heuristic ( ` C 4 Y Z . $> 1? @% ) 7 8 : 5# W5 <==H ( + ((<
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), +١٢٣.
4 Y Z . 5789 :; $ 5< ,=2 ) D : [; 12\] ())< ( + <H 4 Y Z . 5789 :; $ 5< ,=2 + <H .
٣٠ k DX@ J C/@ ? -Á& Q . ٤١ Z DM 1 ¸K& -Hk /J 4 Ä| ~/ {0/T-4&0 . ٤٢ P1 [I& YZ 'MI+ : `c& /¡ V5 /a= . -V5 c& : + `! + 4 W/+ . P1 `V5 k 4X@W DX@0 @ 0/T-`4&0 /J q = .A . 20 f/ ) Riffaterre ( = k& -0 \ $@ OI0 $f 1Å $ & . ٤٣ ) (Riffaterre) !"# $% &' () *+,-. /0 10 23-. !"# $45 .( t| f/ ) Riffaterre ( q 40/@J
Sukron Kamil, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab Klasik dan Modern, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, ٢٠٠٩), +٢٢١-٢٢٢.
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), +١٢٢.
Michael Riffaterre, Semiotics Of Poetry, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ١٩٨٤)،+١.
٣١ " " Semiotics of Poetry Ád/ q [ . /-= f Ä KW /MJ : Z DM 1 @ 8 /KzZ ! $0 `!|/-٤٤ T0 `R R f/ ) Riffaterre ( = @ $0 !|/-OI0 "" :\= Df `? > ? /@0 ? . ٤٥ » . R= f/ ) Riffaterre ( = Df ? OI0 :/M@A " !/@A] " ) Metaphor ( " & " ) Metonymy ( . =/-" !/@A] " ) Metaphor ( KW $ c ] DM@If MJ `5/- : C/ Dc 8 /¡ . Æ . t| f/ ) Riffaterre ( = > ? OI0 "" :\= : " Ç/ " ) Nonsense ( " a+/&@ " ) Contradiction (
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), +١٢٤.
Michael Riffaterre, Semiotics Of Poetry, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ١٩٨٤)،+٢.
٣٢ " [ " ) Ambiguity ( . /2-= OA " [ " ) Ambiguity ( ?-$ P1 `l/a@-/9 G $ . OA J " +/&@ " ) Contradiction ( $ DM@ C; . " M aM$ " ) Ironi ( + f /KzZ .| 4I . " Ç/ " ) Nonsense ( /M ] j ? q [ `$ 45 @ -wk8 `W " Ç/ " ) Nonsense ( ? q . È . /@0 `? Z 4 [\ Á&/0 Hk ] ? q [ `$ D0 /J 4 ? uZ R= -KF DM `1 = k q 0/@J ` /J /0 + ! . ٤٦ /MJ + {A `LJu = $ @ $ -) 83 +"-3 '0 9: ( . /J Dy DM 1 ) $; 5 $% < ( :/M@A/0 Dy ^MA C `'T0 /¡ : !.+ TI Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), +١٢٤-١٢٩.
٣٣ ) Heuristic ( !.+ T&- (Hermeneutic) ` /-= C /MK&-KW /TZ . ? -DM 1 Hk + ^MA F/0 5/c . R= f/ ) Riffaterre ( = ./TZ -q DM 1 DM `/ f -= / ? uZ Dy Tf ? 4&-. ٤٧
Michael Riffaterre, Semiotics Of Poetry, Semiotics Of Poetry, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ١٩٨٤)،+ ١٦٦.
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Sukron Kamil, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab Klasik dan Modern, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, ٢٠٠٩), ٧٥.
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