Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5
Depart m ent of Biology, Facult y of Mat hem at ics and Nat ural Sciences, Brawij aya Universit y,
Malang 65145, I ndonesia
aft er STZ inject ion, diabet ic condit ion is confirm ed by m easuring t he glucose levels using a glucom eter ( GlucoCare Ult im a) .Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8th I n t ern at ion al Con feren ce of Ch em ical Eng ineering o n Science and Applicat ions ( Ch ESA) 2 0 15 Sept em ber 9 - 1 1, 2 01 5, Banda Aceh, I ndon esia
Resu lts a nd D iscussion
I n t his study we showed t hat TLR- 3 expression in diabet ic m ice decreased 6 t im es lower t han norm al. The suppression of TLR- 3 expression is suspect ed to affect t he qualit y of hom eost asis because TLR- 3 norm ally funct ions as an act ivat or of innate im m unit y. The low expression of TLR- 3 in t urn m ake difficult y for elim inat ing infect ious agents in pat ient wit h diabetes m ellit us. So t hat in m any cases people wit h diabet es m ellit us oft en wounds and difficult t o be cured. However, t he increase of TLR- 3 expression far beyond norm al will bring bad im pacts and also aggravat e diabet ic pat ient healt h condit ions.
Fig u r e 1 . I n m ice m odels of diabetes m ellit us induced by STZ, expression level of TLR- 3 decreased
Left panel showed 3 expression on CD4 cells in norm al m ice. Right panel is an expression of TLR-3 on CD4 T cells in m ouse m odels of DM. Cells were isolated from spleen and analyzed by flow cyt om et ry. CD4 posit ive cells expressing TLR- 3 ( CD4+TLR- 3+) were shown in each panel.
Observat ions on CD4 T cells clearly showed t hat the expression of TLR- 3 decreased in m ouse m odel of diabetes. I n t his experim ent we cannot explain t he sit e effect of TLR decline on T lym phocyt es. However, t here is a lit t le clue that t he decline of TLR expression m ay correlate wit h t he failure of pat ient in elim inat ing foreign ant igen specially bact eria and virus. TLR- 3 has been known to be associat ed with t he em ergence of signal t ransduct ion related t o virus elim inat ion. The decline of TLR- 3 expression in DM will lead t o t he em ergence of disorders associated wit h TLR- 3 funct ion.
Fig u r e 2 . Adm inist rat ion of propolis in m ice m odel of diabet es increase t he expression of TLR- 3 on CD4 cells approaching norm al condit ions
From left panel to right is propolis t reat m ent at a dose of 50, 100, and 200 m g/ kg BW recpect ively. The cells were isolat ed from spleen and analyzed by flow cyt om et ry. CD4 posit ive cells expressing TLR- 3 ( CD4+TLR- 3+) were shown in each panel.
Con clusions
TLR- 3 expression in diabet ic m ouse m odels decrease on CD4 T cells. Propolis can norm alize hom eost asis by slight ly increasing t he level of TLR expression. I n general, diabet ic m ice m odels t hat had received propolis develop int o healt hy signed by t he decline in glucose levels and also physiologic im provem ents. The rat io of T lym phocyt es seem t o be norm alized after consum ing propolis for t wo weeks. I nt erest ingly, propolis has abilit y t o increase the precursor of red blood cells.
Ack n ow led g em e n ts
We t hank Niluh W for careful reading and crit ical com m ents on t his art icle, and Bam bang P, Konit a, and Yuyun for experim ent al help.
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Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8th I n t ern at ion al Con feren ce of Ch em ical Eng ineering o n Science and Applicat ions ( Ch ESA) 2 0 15 Sept em ber 9 - 1 1, 2 01 5, Banda Aceh, I ndon esia
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