ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan sintesis 2 (dua) jenis adsorben garam amberlit (Am) dan garam M-polistirena sulfonat (M-PSS), M=Na, Mg, Ca, Sr dan Ba. M-Am dibuat dengan mereaksikan Na-Am dengan garam klorida dari magnesium, kalsium, stronsium dan barium. Na-Na-Am diperoleh dari Dow Rohm and Haas Shanghai Chemical Industri Co. LTD, China. Sedangkan garam M-PSS dibuat dari Na-M-PSS dengan garam klorida dari magnesium, kalsium, stronsium dan barium. Na-PSS dibuat dengan menetralkan asam polistiril sulfonat (H-PSS) bersama NaOH. Sedangkan H-PSS dibuat dari reaksi sulfonasi polistirena dengan asetil sulfat, dengan derajat sulfonasinya 9,1%. Kandungan logam adsorben M-Am pada Na-Am, Mg-Am, Ca-Am, Sr-Am dan Ba-Am masing-masing adalah: 64.246 ppm, 32.800 ppm, 55.720 ppm dan Sr tidak terdektesi sedangkan Ba sangat kecil yaitu 0,05240 ppm. Ini menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi pergantian logam Na dengan Mg sebanyak 97,81% dan oleh Ca sebanyak 99,75%, sedangkan Sr-Am tidak terbentuk dan Ba-Am kecil sekali. Spektrum FT-IR dari Na-Am, Mg-Am dan Ca-Am menunjukkan adanya pita serapan yang menunjukkan adanya gugus SO2- masing-masing pada, υSO :1039,60 cm-1, υSO :1037,23 cm-1, υSO: 1048,21 cm-1. Titik lebur (TL) dari ketiga
adsorben M-Am semuanya >350 oC (suhu operasi maksimum termometer) dan pori-pori dari ketiga adsorben M-Am sangat kecil ( pori tertutup) dengan nilai Area= hampir nol m2/g. Kandungan logam adsorben M-PSS pada Na-PSS, Mg-PSS, Ca-PSS, Sr-PSS dan Ba-PSS masing-masing adalah; 775,42 ppm, 397,53 ppm, 661,16 ppm, 1252,4 ppm dan 2013,5 ppm, yang berarti telah terjadi pergantian logam Na dengan Mg sebanyak 98,25%, Ca : 98,07%, Sr : 84,84% dan oleh Ba sebanyak 87,21%. Spektrum FT-IR dari Na-PSS, Mg-PSS, Ca-PSS, Sr-PSS dan Ba-PSS menunjukkan adanya pita serapan gugus SO2- masing-masing pada: υSO :1189,1
cm-1, υSO :1168,0 cm-1, υSO :1170,0 cm-1, υSO :1178,1 cm-1, dan υSO :1183,0 cm-1. TL dari
kelima adsorben M-PSS adalah >350 oC dan pori-pori dari kelima adsorben M-PSS kecil (pori agak tertutup) dengan nilai Area = 0,01 m2/g.
Adsorben M-Am dan M-PSS digunakan untuk mengadsorpsi karotenoida dari CPO yang mengandung 479,7 ppm karotenoida dan mendesorpsinya dalam n-heksana dengan berbagai variasi.
i. variasi jenis adsorben, Na-Am, Mg-Am dan Ca-Am. Dari ketiga adsorben M-Am menunjukkan tingkat adsorpsinya masing-masing adalah 100, 96,35 dan 97,42%. Desorpsi karotenoid dari ketiga adsorben tersebut masing-masing menunjukkan 42,69%, 52,76% dan 60,65%.
ii. variasi jumlah adsorben Ca-Am yaitu 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 gr, memberi tingkat adsorpsi masing-masing adalah 94,66; 97,42; 100; 100 dan 100%. Desorpsi karotenoida dari variasi jumlah adsorben Ca-Am masing-masing adalah 52,75%; 52,76%; 72,08%; 72,08% dan 72,08%.
iii. variasi jumlah karotenoida dalam larutan CPO dengan pelarut etanol yaitu 2,399; 4,797; 7,196; 9,594; 11,993 dan 19,188 mgr karotenoida dalam CPO memberi tingkat adsorpsi masing-masing adalah 100,100,100,100; 92,73 dan 73,37. Desorpsi karotenoida dengan variasi jumlah karotenoida masing-masing adalah 10,42; 52,06; 59,53; 72,08; 59,98 dan 69,50%.
Sedangkan untuk M-PSS memberi hasil tingkat adsorpsi dan desorpsi sebagai berikut:
i. variasi jenis adsorben, Na-PSS, Mg-PSS, Ca-PSS, Sr-PSS dan Ba-PSS. Dari kelima adsorben M-PSS menunjukkan tingkat adsorpsi masing-masing adalah 85,90; 80,69; 77,22; 81,81 dan 82,64. Desorpsi karotenoid dari kelima adsorben tersebut masing-masing menunjukkan 58,12%, 63,51%, 84,53%, 45,29% dan 32,61%.
ii. variasi jumlah adsorben Ca-PSS yaitu 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,0; 1,25 dan 1,50 gr, memberi tingkat adsorpsi masing-masing adalah 68,61; 73,26; 77,22; 100; 100 dan 100%. Desorpsi karotenoida dari variasi jumlah adsorben Ca-PSS masing-masing adalah 67,81%; 80,56%; 84,53%; 78,75%; 78,75% dan 78,75%.
iii. variasi jumlah karotenoida dalam larutan CPO dengan pelarut etanol yaitu 0,48; 1,44; 2,40; 3,36 dan 4,32 mgr karotenoida dalam CPO memberi tingkat adsorpsi masing-masing adalah 100; 100; 92,17; 87,80 dan 72,92%. Desorpsi karotenoida dengan variasi jumlah karotenoida masing-masing adalah 68,25; 78,75; 53,80; 35,15 dan 25,33%.
iv. variasi ukuran partikel adsorben Ca-PSS, 100 dan 150 mesh memberi tingkat adsorpsi masing-masing 77,22 dan 100%. Desorpsi karotenoida dengan variasi ukuran partikel adsorben Ca-PSS menunjukkan 84,53 dan 35,25%.
Perbandingan tingkat adsorpsi dan desorpsi yang tertinggi antara adsorben Ca-am dan Ca-PSS menunjukkan tingkat adsorpsi keduanya adalah 100 %. Sedangkan tingkat desorpsinya masing-masing adalah 72,08 % dan 78,75%.
ABSTRACT
Have performed the synthesis of 2 (two) types of adsorbents Amberlite salt (Am) and M-polistiril sulfonate salt (M-PSS), M = Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. M-Am prepared by reacting Na-Am with chloride salts of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. Na-Na-Am was obtained from Dow Rohm and Haas Shanghai Chemical Industry Co.. LTD, China. While the M-PSS salt made from Na-PSS with chloride salts of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. Na-PSS was made by neutralizing the sulfonic acid polystyril (H-PSS) with NaOH. While the H-PSS is made of polystyrene sulfonation reaction with acetyl sulfate, with degrees sulfonasinya 9.1%. Metal content in the adsorbent M-Am, Na-Am, Mg-Am, Ca-Am, Sr-Am, and Ba-Am, respectively: 64 246 ppm, 32,800 ppm, 55,720 ppm and Sr are not terdektetion while Ba very small, that is 0, 05240 ppm. It shows that there has been a change of Na metal with Mg metal as much as 97.81% and by as much as 99.75% Ca, while the Sr-Am not formed and Ba-Am is small. FT-IR spectra of Na-Am, Mg-and Ca-Am Am showed absorption bands indicating the presence of SO2-groups respectively, SO: 1039.60 cm-1, SO: 1037.23 cm-1, SO : 1048.21 cm-1. Melting point (TL) of the three adsorbents M-Am are > 350 ° C (maximum operating temperature thermometer) and the pores of the adsorbent the three M-Am very small (closed pore) with a value of almost zero area m2 / g. Metal content in the M-PSS adsorbent, Na-PSS PSS, PSS-Mg, Ca-PSS, Sr-and Ba-PSS Ba-PSS, respectively; 775.42 ppm, 397.53 ppm, 661.16 ppm, 1252.4 ppm and 2013.5 ppm, which means there has been a change of Na metal with as much as 98.25% Mg, Ca: 98.07%, Sr: 84.84% and by as much as 87.21% Ba. FT-IR spectra of Na-PSS, PSS-Mg, Ca-PSS, Sr-and Ba-PSS Ba-PSS showed absorption bands of SO2-groups respectively: SO: 1189.1 cm-1, SO: 1168.0 cm-1, SO: 1170.0 cm-1, SO: 1178.1 cm-1, and SO: 1183.0 cm-1. TL of the five adsorbents M-PSS is > 350 ° C and the pores of the adsorbent M-M-PSS five small (somewhat closed pore) with a value of area = 0.01 m2 / g.
M-Am and M-PSS Adsorbent used to adsorb carotenoids of CPO carotenoids containing 479.7 ppm and in n-hexane desorpstion with various variations.
i. variations in the type of adsorbent, Na-Am, Mg and Ca-Am-Am. Of the three adsorbents M-Am show each adsorption rate is 100, 96.35 and 97.42%. Carotenoids desorption of the adsorbent the three respectively showed 42.69%, 52.76% and 60.65%.
ii. variation in the amount of adsorbent Ca-Am is 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g, giving each adsorption rate is 94.66; 97.42; 100; 100 and 100%. Carotenoids desorption of variation in the amount of adsorbent Ca-Am, respectively 52.75%, 52.76%, 72.08%, 72.08% and 72.08%.
iii. carotenoids number variation in CPO solution by ethanol is 2.399; 4.797; 7.196; 9.594; 11.993 and 19.188 mgr carotenoids in CPO gave each adsorption rate is 100,100,100,100; 92.73 and 73.37. Carotenoids desorption with variations of each carotenoids number is 10.42; 52.06; 59.53; 72.08; 59.98 and 69.50%.
iv. variations in particle size of the adsorbent Ca-Am of 50, 100 and 150 mesh gives each adsorption rate is 97.42; 98.17 and 98.29. Carotenoids desorption with adsorbent particle size variations of Ca-Am showed 52.76; 47.36 and 27.26%.
i. variations in the type of adsorbent, Na-PSS, PSS-Mg, Ca-PSS, Sr-and Ba-PSS PSS. Of the five adsorbents M-PSS shows the adsorption rate is 85.90 respectively; 80.69; 77.22; 81.81 and 82.64. Carotenoids desorption of the adsorbent the five respectively showed 58.12%, 63.51%, 84.53%, 45.29% and 32.61%.
ii. variation in the amount of adsorbent Ca-PSS is 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.50 g, giving each adsorption rate is 68.61; 73.26; 77.22 ; 100; 100 and 100%. Carotenoids desorption of variation in the amount of adsorbent Ca-PSS, respectively 67.81%, 80.56%, 84.53%, 78.75%, 78.75% and 78.75%
iii. carotenoids number variation in CPO solution by ethanol is 0.48; 1.44; 2.40; 3.36 and 4.32 mgr carotenoids in CPO gave each adsorption rate is 100; 100; 92.17; 87, 80 and 72.92%. Carotenoids desorption with variations of each carotenoids number is 68.25; 78.75; 53.80; 35.15 and 25.33%.
iv. variations in particle size of the adsorbent Ca-PSS, 100 and 150 mesh gives each adsorption rate 77.22 and 100%. Carotenoids desorption with adsorbent particle size variations of Ca-PSS showed 84.53 and 35.25%.
Comparison of adsorption and desorption rate is highest between the adsorbent am and Ca-PSS shows both the adsorption rate is 100%. While desorpsinya each level is 72.08% and 78.75%.
